Multimedia Communication Research Articles

The Joint Method of Triple Attention and Novel Loss Function for Entity Relation Extraction in Small Data-Driven Computational Social Systems

With the development of the social Internet of Things (IoT) and multimedia communications, our daily lives in computational social systems have become more convenient; for example, we can share shopping experiences and ask questions of people in an ad hoc network. Relation extraction focuses on supervised learning with adequate training data, and it helps to understand the knowledge behind the observed information. However, if only some social data in an unknown area can be used, how to obtain the related knowledge and information is a key topic for supporting social intelligence. This article proposes the joint method of triple attention and novel loss function for entity relation extraction by few-shot learning in computational social systems. We consider using a prototypical network as the base model to acquire support set prototypes and to compare queries with the prototypes for classification. First, triple attention is employed to make the query instances and support set share interactive information in a global and instancewise manner, highlighting the important features. Second, we combine a weighted Euclidean distance function with a multilayer perceptron (MLP) to perform class matching, which maps the generated features to their proper classifications, emphasizing the prominent dimensions in the feature space and relieving data sparsity. Third, triplet loss and uniformity regularization are used to solve the inconsistency problem faced by the support set, where the features of the support set in the same class are often far apart in different characteristic dimensions. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate the improved performance of our model on the FewRel dataset.

Range-enhanced packet classification to improve computational performance on field programmable gate array

<span lang="EN-US">Multi-filed packet classification is a powerful classification engine that classifies input packets into different fields based on predefined rules. As the demand for the internet increases, efficient network routers can support many network features like quality of services (QoS), firewalls, security, multimedia communications, and virtual private networks. However, the traditional packet classification methods do not fulfill today’s network functionality and requirements efficiently. In this article, an efficient range enhanced packet classification (REPC) module is designed using a range bit-vector encoding method, which provides a unique design to store the precomputed values in memory. In addition, the REPC supports range to prefix features to match the packets to the corresponding header fields. The synthesis and implementation results of REPC are analyzed and tabulated in detail. The REPC module utilizes 3% slices on Artix-7 field programmable gate array (FPGA), works at 99.87 Gbps throughput with a latency of 3 clock cycles. The proposed REPC is compared with existing packet classification approaches with better hardware constraints improvements.</span>

Securing Session Initiation Protocol

The session initiation protocol (SIP) is widely used for multimedia communication as a signaling protocol for managing, establishing, maintaining, and terminating multimedia sessions among participants. However, SIP is exposed to a variety of security threats. To overcome the security flaws of SIP, it needs to support a number of security services: authentication, confidentiality, and integrity. Few solutions have been introduced in the literature to secure SIP, which can support these security services. Most of them are based on internet security standards and have many drawbacks. This work introduces a new protocol for securing SIP called secure-SIP (S-SIP). S-SIP consists of two protocols: the SIP authentication (A-SIP) protocol and the key management and protection (KP-SIP) protocol. A-SIP is a novel mutual authentication protocol. KP-SIP is used to secure SIP signaling messages and exchange session keys among entities. It provides different security services for SIP: integrity, confidentiality, and key management. A-SIP is based on the secure remote password (SRP) protocol, which is one of standard password-based authentication protocols supported by the transport layer security (TLS) standard. However, A-SIP is more secure and efficient than SRP because it covers its security flaws and weaknesses, which are illustrated and proven in this work. Through comprehensive informal and formal security analyses, we demonstrate that S-SIP is secure and can address SIP vulnerabilities. In addition, the proposed protocols were compared with many related protocols in terms of security and performance. It was found that the proposed protocols are more secure and have better performance.

Vehicle Routing Optimization Based on Multimedia Communica-tion and Intelligent Transportation System

With the maturity and popularity of network technology and multimedia technology, more and more communication tools and means have entered people’s lives. The usual communication tools are often limited to the ability to transmit sound signals. This method does not well express the information between the two parties in some special occasions, such as a noisy environment, where both parties have language or hearing impairments. The multimedia communication system is a technology that combines network communication and multimedia. It utilizes the efficiency of data transmission over the network and the diversity of information in multimedia, making communication between people faster, clearer, and more intuitive. The multimedia communication system is an important part of the application to the intelligent transportation system. Intelligent transportation system is a systematic, real-time, accurate, interactive, and extensive traffic management system established by the comprehensive use of modern high and new technology in the transportation system. With these characteristics, intelligent transportation system has increasingly become an important means to solve modern traffic problems. Based on multimedia communication and intelligent transportation system, this article optimizes the vehicle path and realizes the application of intelligent transportation.

Introduction to the Special Issue on 6G Enabled Interactive Multimedia Communication Systems

No abstract available.

An energy efficiency perceptive on MIMO‐OFDM systems using hybrid fruit fly‐based salp swarm optimization technique

AbstractThis paper is to plan for the development of energy‐efficient MIMO‐OFDM mobile multimedia communication systems using the intelligent meta‐heuristic approach. This model is concentrated on solving the multi‐channel optimization problem. Recent research work is focused on single‐channel optimization problems, and hence the conversion of multi‐channel optimization problems into single‐channel optimization problems is considered the challenging point in this research. In the proposed MIMO‐OFDM method for mobile multimedia communication systems, the channel‐matrix Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) method is used for implementing the sub‐channel grouping scheme, which has simplified the multichannel problem to a multi‐target single‐channel optimization problem. In this optimization problem, the transmission power‐allocation threshold is optimized for attaining the objective function of maximization of energy efficiency. A hybridized optimization algorithm named Hybrid Fruit Fly‐based Salp Swarm Optimization (HFF‐SSO) is utilized for energy optimization in the MIMO‐OFDM mobile multimedia communication system. This hybrid algorithm has reached an energy‐efficient system with a high convergence rate, which is proved by the comparison over the conventional systems.

A New Enhancement Edge Detection of Finger-Vein Identification for Carputer System

Developments in multimedia and mobile communication technologies and in mobilized, personalized information security has benefitted various sectors of society, as traditional identification technologies are often complicated. In response to the sharing economy and the intellectualization of automotive electronics, major automobile companies are using biometric recognition to enhance the safety, uniqueness, and convenience of their vehicles. This study uses a deep learning-based finger-vein identification system for carputer systems. The proposed enhancement edge detection adapts to the detected fingers’ rotational and translational movements and to interference from external light and other environmental factors. This study also determines the effect of preprocessing methods on the system’s effectiveness. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system allows more accurate identification of 99.1% and 98.1% in various environments, using the FV-USM and SDUMLA-HMT public datasets. As results, the contribution of system is high accuracy and stability for more sanitary, contactless applications makes it eminently suited for use during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Metaverse From a Multimedia Communications Perspective

eXtended reality (XR) technologies such as virtual reality and 360° stereoscopic streaming enable the concept of the Metaverse, an immersive virtual space for collaboration and interaction. To ensure a high-fidelity display of immersive media, the bandwidth, latency and network traffic patterns will need to be considered to ensure a user's Quality of Experience (QoE). In this article, examples and calculations are explored to demonstrate the requirements of the above-mentioned parameters. Additionally, future methods such as network-awareness using reinforcement learning (RL) and XR content awareness using spatial or temporal differences in the frames could be explored from a multimedia communications perspective.

Французский язык открывает двери в мир франкофонной политологии

The paper discusses linguistic autodidactics that lead to the comprehension of social reality. The paper focuses on the Francais Authentique francophone social medium used for language teaching and political discourse comprehension. The author conducted a linguadidactic experiment by using YouTube technologies to practice the French language using authentic traditional and newest sources on the presidential elections in France in 2022. The methodology was based on the authentic theory of discourse analysis frames. The theory features the frames of key communicators and target audiences, factual analysis, analysis of linguistic components of discourse, and the frames of performance, multimedia communication, values, rational argumentation, virtual communication, and feedback. The results shed light upon strategic importance of new media and success of political strategies of centrism in politics.

Wireless Network Multimedia Communication and Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm and Its Female Athlete's Nutritional Diet Model

Wireless Network Multimedia Communication and Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm and Its Female Athlete's Nutritional Diet Model

Double-Lead Content Search And Producer Location Prediction Scheme For Producer Mobility In Named Data Networking

Abstract In recent years, Named Data Network (NDN) has become a popular network architecture because of high resource utilization, strong security and high transmission efficiency. Meanwhile, mobile multimedia communication has become the mainstream with the popularization and application of smart terminals. Most of the research on NDN mobility is focused on consumer mobility without taking producer mobility into account. To solve the delay and high cost carried by producer moving, we propose a Double-Lead content search algorithm based on neighbor and proxy and a location prediction algorithm based on traffic features. We use a neural network model to predict a new location of producers and calculate route before switching, which can save the rerouting latency in advance when predicting accurately. In a few cases of inaccurate predictions, we select different search methods according to the distance of the producer’s movement, to complete the Double-Lead search between the producer and the consumer. Experimental results show that DLPNDN can reduce the delay and traffic overhead well in NDN when the producer moves.

Performance Analysis of Evolved RAN Architectures with Open Interfaces

The paper presents a short overview of the evolution of the Radio Access Network (RAN) towards virtualized, open and intelligent RAN architectures. Major KPIs used for performance analysis in the process of the evolution of the RAN are identified. KPIs that are considered of primary importance for ensuring high-quality multimedia communications (MMC) in a scenario of wireless Radio Access Networks based on 4G/5G Open-RAN architectures are measured and analyzed. Different split scenarios according to the O-RAN specifications are considered, as well as relevant to MMC KPIs, such as round trip time, delay jitter and packet loss. Although the variation in the results from the evaluation of these parameters in different RAN architecture scenarios is not drastic, in the context of MMC and future near to-real time services, the results show advantages of these scenarios over legacy RAN architectures. In addition, we propose a network slicing model for optimizing the network performance and enhancing the quality of MMC, by implementing optimal utilization of network resources.

Forging Community Partnerships to Examine Pesticide Exposure and Risk Perceptions among Latinx Farmworkers

Background: Research with structurally marginalized populations has a history of being extractive and providing a benefit primarily to the researchers rather than the participants. To address these concerns, there is an increasing emphasis in the field of environmental epidemiology to conduct community-based work and return exposure results to study participants. The aim of this work is to forge partnerships with trusted community organizations to support and help facilitate a mixed-methods investigation of pesticide exposure and risk perceptions among Latinx farmworkers, a population that faces many barriers to health protection. We further aim to create multi-media science communication products to effectively translate individual- and group-level study findings and to increase engagement and empowerment among participants. Methods: We focused six months of the one-year study period prior to data collection on community engagement and gaining trust, first with community partners and then study participants. We used various strategies, including social media engagement, holding teleconference and in-person meetings, and snowball sampling to establish and build upon existing partnerships. Focusing our study on the benefit to participants and research communication plan was key in obtaining buy-in from community partners. Results: We partnered with County Health Coalitions; migrant head start programs; non-profit organizations; housing providers; social media groups; and mobile health clinics to recruit participants, establish trusting relationships, and develop strategies to maximize the benefits of participating in the study. Examples include developing tailored research communication products; providing food boxes with organic, culturally appropriate food items; and providing childcare during data collection events. Conclusion: Forging collaborations with diverse individuals and community groups is critical in establishing trust with structurally marginalized populations. Our work provides an example of how to develop these partnerships, center community priorities, and maximize the benefit of participation both for study participants and partner organizations. Key Words: pesticides, farmworker, community-engaged research

ProStream: Programmable Underwater IoT Network for Multimedia Streaming

Underwater Internet of Things (IoT) faces challenges, such as low data rate, high node mobility, high error probability, and propagation delay. Furthermore, underwater multimedia communication is more challenging, as it requires a high data rate and reliable delivery. The next-generation networking paradigm—software-defined network (SDN)—improves flexibility and virtualization through programmability. SDN increases resource utilization, simplifies management, and reduces operating costs. This article proposes ProStream, a reconfigurable SDN-based underwater multihop network for improved topology management, association control, and multimedia transmission. The proposed scheme considers a network with multiple access points (APs) and mobile relays and stations. The SDN controller places flow rules in the relays, and APs are placed as per the location of the nodes. Moreover, we present a programmable station for reducing Tx/Rx complexity in underwater networks. The stations or relays are triggered through programmability to notify their sleep time and current relays and AP for association and data transmission. We evaluate the proposed scheme first through simulation-based experimentation. We also develop a small-scale real testbed prototype of the proposed SDN. The performance results show significant improvement of performance in terms of latency, throughput, and packet delivery ratio.

Design of UWB Antenna for Multimedia and High-Speed Automotive Communication

This paper reveals a planar ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with defective ground structure is designed and analyzed. A size of 24 × 24 × 1.6 mm3 circular shaped proposed UWB antenna uses FR-4 substrate covering the impedance bandwidth (S11 ≤ −10 dB) of 11 GHz ranging from 2.9 GHz to 13.9 GHz and also offers a peak gain of 5.1 dBi, more than 65% of efficiency in overall UWB operating band with omnidirectional radiation pattern. The simulated results of proposed UWB planar antenna have good performance, and is well-suited for high-speed and multimedia communications in vehicular environment.

Large-Scale Multimedia Communication on A Cloud Computing Platform

Abstract: This research examines the creation of a multimedia communication platform to expand the size of multimedia communication based on cloud computing (CC). The research focuses on high-quality material, multimedia profit avenues, and copyright awareness. Big data diversion under cloud computing optimizes data grouping and pattern identification. Cloud computing's typical large data shunting technology uses open-source embedded system architecture. The connecting coil ties the shunting system's switch to the cloud computing platform's switch, resulting in data loss and corruption. Using this method, it has been shown that CC cannot reach the ideal resource utilization, SLA violation rate, and energy use. Experiments reveal a divergence from this research. The major goal of media development is now the growth and self-awareness of media. Largescale multimedia communication needs an architecture for cloud computing with dynamic growth, efficient processing, and flexible resource scheduling

EVALUATION OF DIGITAL IMAGE WATERMARKING TECHNIQUES

The advancing world of digital multimedia communication is facing problems linked to security and authenticity of digital data. The data security term is described as protecting information or digital data against any attack that may be performed by utilizing different attacking technologies, methods and techniques. A watermark system is reported to be secure, if the hacker cannot take away the watermark without full knowledge of embedding algorithm, detector and composition of watermark. This paper has shown the survey on image watermarking and its various techniques. From the survey it has been concluded that none of the technique performs effectively in all fields. Keywords— CZT, DWT, Image Watermarking, Negative Selection Algorithm, SVD

Developing Integrated Multimedia Communication for Deaf Students in Higher Education

Having communication with Deaf students is a challenge for some lecturers. Multimedia provides a potential solution for this situation; however, few people know how to develop it ideally. This study uses primary and secondary data to create a strategic model for multimedia-based learning for Deaf students through focus group discussion with the expert, lecturers, parents, and practitioners. At the same time, however, this model recognises that multimedia communication is not sufficient in and of itself for full engagement with them. This article, thus, proposes implementing several activities within universities based on four stages: identify the level of hard hearing, choose the learning style, design multimedia learning, and create engagement. By developing these strategies, Deaf students in higher education can have a comfortable and effective place to learn to minimize the communication barriers between Deaf student and others. Melakukan komunikasi dengan mahasiswa Tuli merupakan sebuah tantangan bagi para pengajar di pendidikan tinggi. Multimedia merupakan sebuah potensi sebagai solusi dalam situasi ini, hanya saja tidak semua orang memahami dengan baik cara implementasinya secara ideal. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dan sekunder untuk menciptakan model strategi berdasarkan pembelajaran berbasis multimedia untuk mahasiswa Tuli melalui diskusi kelompok dengan pihak yang berpengalaman, dosen, orang tua, dan juga praktisi di bidang ini. Pada saat bersamaan, model ini juga melihat bahwa komunikasi multimedia tidak cukup untuk membangun hubungan kedekatan dengan mahasiswa Tuli. Melalui artikel ini, peneliti mengajukan empat tahap pelaksanaan aktivitas di pendidikan tinggi yakni: identifikasi level Tuli, pemilihan gaya mengajar, desain multimedia, dan pembentukan hubungan. Melalui strategi ini, mahasiswa Tuli merasakan pendidikan tinggi dengan lebih nyaman dan efektif yang mampu mengurangi hambatan komunikasi antara mereka dengan yang lain.

Application of Low Bit Rate Coding Based on Nonlinear Data Prediction in Wireless Network Multimedia Communication

In order to realize the application of low bit rate video coding in wireless multimedia communication, this paper analyzes the principle of video coding and highlights the importance of low bit rate in wireless multimedia communication. For this, the iterative optimization method of contour height map contour, B-spline curve approximate contour, and control points is carried out to ensure that hearing and vision can achieve the clarity of video under appropriate conditions. The results show that compressing the original video to a suitable size for decoding and completing the output in a compatible format can realize the operation efficiency of the encoder and improve the coding speed.

Video compression based on zig-zag 3D DCT and run-length encoding for multimedia communication systems

Purpose With the advent of technology, a huge amount of data is being transmitted and received through the internet. Large bandwidth and storage are required for the exchange of data and storage, respectively. Hence, compression of the data which is to be transmitted over the channel is unavoidable. The main purpose of the proposed system is to use the bandwidth effectively. The videos are compressed at the transmitter’s end and reconstructed at the receiver’s end. Compression techniques even help for smaller storage requirements. Design/methodology/approach The paper proposes a novel compression technique for three-dimensional (3D) videos using a zig-zag 3D discrete cosine transform. The method operates a 3D discrete cosine transform on the videos, followed by a zig-zag scanning process. Finally, to convert the data into a single bit stream for transmission, a run-length encoding technique is used. The videos are reconstructed by using the inverse 3D discrete cosine transform, inverse zig-zag scanning (quantization) and inverse run length coding techniques. The proposed method is simple and reduces the complexity of the convolutional techniques. Findings Coding reduction, code word reduction, peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), mean square error, compression percent and compression ratio values are calculated, and the dominance of the proposed method over the convolutional methods is seen. Originality/value With zig-zag quantization and run length encoding using 3D discrete cosine transform for 3D video compression, gives compression up to 90% with a PSNR of 41.98 dB. The proposed method can be used in multimedia applications where bandwidth, storage and data expenses are the major issues.