Multi Line Research Articles

Optical diagnostics with radiation trapping effect in low density and low temperature helium plasma

Low density (ne < 1011 cm−3) and low temperature (Te < 10 eV) helium plasma was generated by hot filament discharge. Electron temperature and density of neutral helium plasma were measured by Langmuir probe and were determined by line intensity ratio method using optical emission spectroscopy with population modelings. Simple corona model and collisional-radiative (CR) model without consideration for radiation trapping effect are applied. In addition, CR model taking into account the radiation trapping effect (RTE) is adopted. The change of single line intensity ratio as a function of electron temperature and density were investigated when the RTE is included and excluded. The changes of multi line intensity ratios as a function of electron temperature were scanned for various radiative-excitation rate coefficients from the ground state and the helium gas pressures related with the RTE. Our CR modeling with RTE results in fairly better agreement of the spectroscopic diagnostics for the plasma temperature or density with the Langmuir probe measurements for various helium gas pressures than corona modeling and CR modeling without RTE.

ICP-OES: Why spectral lines are true peaks and how this can fool the user.

ICP-OES: Why spectral lines are true peaks and how this can fool the user.

Firms' Profit Suffers from Using Strategic Transfer Pricing When the Congestion Cost Causes Market Specialization

In this paper, we investigate the phenomenon of market specialization by constructing an analytical model that involves strategic transfer pricing under the presence of congestion cost in the production process. We analyze firms’ multi market strategies, because firms often decide their strategies in multi market. Moreover, we often observe interdependence between multi market. However prior literature do not consider interdependence between multi market. Throughout this paper, we define the market interdependence by the congestion cost which arises in multi same manufacturing line. With the presence of the congestion cost firms incur cost than when using different manufacturing lines when firms sell products in multi market. Deciding the strategy with considering only a single market is inappropriate for firms. Therefore, firms should consider the market interdependence when selling products in multi market. Specifically, we identify the optimal strategy undertaken by a multidivisional firm, which has an upstream and a downstream division and competes in multi market with a rival firm. Using our model, we demonstrate that firms choose a market specialization strategy in equilibrium and strategic transfer price affect a profit of a firm. We show that congestion cost is a important factor that drive the market specialization and a firm suffer from using strategic transfer pricing. Our research contributes to literature by providing an explanation behind the mechanism on why market specialization occurs. Congestion cost affects an incentive for a firm that encouraged multi market competition. Using strategic transfer pricing, a firm lost a advantage in equilibrium. ∗Graduate school of Business Administration Kobe University 2-1,Rokkoudai,Nada, Kobe-shi,Hyogo 657-8501,Japan. mail:junpei.hamamura@stu.kobe-u.ac.jp

Abstract CT314: “Multi-metronomic” algorithms for targeted therapy to improve value of response and “failed drugs” for “resistant” women's cancers

Abstract The use of Bevacizumab (Bev) for ovarian cancer (OC) has been impeded by adverse events (AEs), long maintenance therapy (T) and tumor rebound. Eligibility, requirements and limits, as well as ideal time(s) and length of use remain unknowns. Drug interactions and algorithms offer testable solutions. Multi-metronomic Ts provide Bev with 5-6 synergistic integrated partners. Bruckner HW ASCO 06 gastric ca, ASCO 01,04,08,12 pancreatic ca; Hirschfeld A ASCO 12 cholangioca and Loupakis F ASCO GI 2013 colon ca Methods: For resistant OC Bev 10mg/kg day 1, Cyclophosphamide 250 150mg/m2 day 1 day 2 were combined with GFLIC - (D); Gemzar ° 500mg/m2, Fluorouracil ° 1500mg/m2, Irinotecan ° 80mg/m2, day1 , (Docetaxel (D) 25mg/m2) and Carboplatin ° AUC 2, day 2. (° reduced 20% on addition of D and then increased). D was added at complete response, plateau or any Bev stop. When Bev was resumed the use of D continued. GFLIC, core drugs were never stopped. Bev was briefly held for Gr 1-2 GI and other Gr 2-3 AEs. Exclusions: Helsinki criteria PS4 urgent surgery or 4 weeks survival. Sequential T at best response (CR or plateau) was evaluated for rapid response, and potential value for research, low tumor volume, Ts. Results: 30 OC patients pts had no severe clinical AEs, Bev could be resumed, stop-go (all but once) after Gr 2-3 AEs. None had rebound. RECIST response rates were > 80% and 12% SD after 3-8, median 5, lines had failed, 5 had failed Bev. Primary PACLITAXEL and carboplatin resistant ROC, had 5 of 5 CRs p 0.03-0.008 after either early- plateau or 2nd line retreatment recurrence, Multi line ROC > 4cm, size reduction was 60% to less than 2cm, 40% to less than 0.5cm; <4cm ROCs were “all” downsized, p 0.03. Post neuropathy resumption of D was safe and improved responses for half the pts. PFS for PS 0-2 multi-line ROC was not reached at 1 year; for performance status 3 pts it was 6 mos. Conclusions: The sequential multi drug cores give cytotoxic and targeted drugs second chances to help achieve symptom free small tumor status and, in high risk subsets, improve survival: 1, a second time after AEs ; 2, 6-24 mos after Bev failed; 3, as a possible multimetronomic T ; with unconventional low doses for Gemzar, Irinotecan, Docetaxel and Carboplatin; 4, replace maintenance, T to progression with either 4a, neoadjuvant or 4b, stop-go Ts. T creates 5, many ideal pts for research; 6, testable algorithms to reduce Bev's duration of use, 7, cost and 8, AEs by 50-75% and 9, selectively expand eligibility to PS3 pts. It is safer to use 5-6 drug cores than to use many 1-2 drug Ts. Cores are suitable for integration algorithms and drug development. Rapid sequential T to low volume OC, creates ideal pts for crossover immunoT and other targeted Ts for stable disease. These add value to response and biochemical modulation and second chances for both used drugs and “unnecessary” failures due to one Phase III, all or none, single drug survival tests of $50 million investments. Citation Format: Howard W. Bruckner, Azriel Hirschfeld, Jeanetta Stega, Peter Dottino. “Multi-metronomic” algorithms for targeted therapy to improve value of response and “failed drugs” for “resistant” women's cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr CT314. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-CT314

Study on multi tasks of line following differential wheeled mobile robot for in-class project

This paper describes a practical study of basic line follower wheeled mobile robot implemented during practical class for mechanical engineering students. The basic mobile robot from DIY KITS is used as an introductory-level differential wheeled mobile robot (DWMR) for students to get started in building mobile robot. The mini mobile robot controller, MC40A, combined with LSS05 auto-calibrate line sensor will develop the line follower DWMR. The sensor indication and DWMR wheel reaction is presented in this paper based on the black line follower mode. Several tracks are designed for multi tasking line follower DWMR to obtain the performance of line follower characteristics.

Prediction of machine reconfigurability using artificial neural network for a reconfigurable serial product flow line

Reconfigurable machines (RMs) are considered to be one of the vital elements of modern manufacturing systems like reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMSs). These machines offered customised flexibility in terms of capacity and functionality. Reconfigurable machines are assembled using some basic/essential modules and auxiliary modules. The RMTs can be reconfigured into several other configurations for variable functionality and capacity by keeping its base modules and just adding/removing or adjusting the auxiliary modules. Measuring machine reconfigurability may be considered as one of the important challenge in assessing the performance of these manufacturing systems. In the present paper, an artificial neural network model has been proposed for quantitative assessment of reconfigurability values of RMs on the product flow line. The data is generated using a developed mathematical model based on multi attribute utility theory. The ANN predictive model could thus provide a flexible and objective framework for manufacturers to evaluate reconfigurability of machines for a given product flow line. The developed approach has been demonstrated using a multi stage serial reconfigurable product flow line.

On the Optimal Design of a Spectrum-Switched Optical Network With Multiple Modulation Formats and Rates

Spectrum-switched optical networks (SSONs) are an attractive solution for core networks. With respect to wavelength-switched optical networks (WSONs), they achieve a higher spectrum efficiency thanks to the use of a flexible grid, instead of a fixed one. In SSONs, the well-known wavelength assignment (WA) problem of WSONs becomes a spectrum assignment (SA) problem. The SA problem aims at assigning a portion of the spectrum (called a frequency slot) to lightpaths. The width of the frequency slot depends on the requested bit rate and the modulation format adopted for the lightpath, and it is a multiple of the minimum bandwidth granularity, referred to as frequency slice. Thus, differently from WA, which assigns a single wavelength (or color) to each lightpath, SA assigns a set of colors (i.e., a set of frequency slices) to the lightpath. The shift from WA to SA introduces an additional constraint, which is related to the spectral adjacency of such frequency slices. This paper proves that the adjacency constraint in SA is not required and that by solving the WA problem (or the coloring problem) it is possible to derive a solution with spectrally adjacent slices in polynomial time. Based on such results, an integer linear programming formulation (ILP) for the optimal SA in a SSON with multi modulation formats and multi line rates (MMF/MLR) is presented for minimizing the network cost. The total cost of the network comprises the spectrum cost and the transponder card cost. Optimal results are presented for a MMF/MLR-SSON ring and show the amount of total occupied bandwidth and the network costs for different loads and ring lengths. Optimal selection of the modulation format and line rate is driven by the slice cost and the transponder card cost. Result comparison indicates that support of MMF and MLR is especially effective for improving spectrum utilization and allows spectrum saving up to 20% with respect to an SSON ring with single modulation format and line rate.

Large–scale and high–sensitivity multi–line CO surveys toward the Galactic center

AbstractWe carried out large–scale (4 × 2 degree) CO multi–line observations toward the central molecular zone (CMZ) in the Galactic center (GC) with the NANTEN2 4m telescope and mapped several diffuse molecular features located at relatively high Galactic latitudes above 0°.6. These high–latitude features are composed of diffuse molecular halo gas and molecular filaments according to their morphological aspects. Their high velocities and high intensity ratios between 12CO J = (2−1) and J = (1−0) clearly indicate their location in the GC, and their total mass amount to ∼10% of that of the CMZ. We discuss that magnetic field is a possible mechanism of these high–latitude molecular features lifting up toward high galactic latitude.

Inkjet Patterning of Multiline Intersections for Wirings in Printed Electronics

Inkjet printed electronics using thermo-curable liquid inks exhibit particular geometrical characteristics in terms of regularity. This article presents a morphological analysis for inkjet printed multi line intersections that are critical structures for building circuits. We studied thin-film structures of silver conductive ink and printed by inkjet technology. Instability of the ink during printing causes the thickness irregularity of vertex, normally with peaks at these areas. We propose the usage of specific patterns for intersections as thickness regularity compensations. The results show that some patterns help to reduce this instability and improve the thickness regularity of intersections morphology.

Optimal location of interline power flow controller for controlling multi transmission line: A new integrated technique

In this paper, an interline power flow controller (IPFC) is used for controlling multi transmission lines. However, the optimal placement of IPFC in the transmission line is a major problem. Thus, we use a combination of tabu search (TS) algorithm and artificial neural network (ANN) in the proposed method to find out the best placement locations for IPFC in a given multi transmission line system. TS algorithm is an optimization algorithm and we use it in the proposed method to determine the optimum bus combination using line data. Then, using the optimum bus combination, the neural network is trained to find out the best placement locations for IPFC. Finally, IPFC is connected at the best locations indicated by the neural network. Furthermore, using Newton-Raphson load flow algorithm, the transmission line loss of the IPFC connected bus is analyzed. The proposed methodology is implemented in MATLAB working platform and tested on the IEEE-14 bus system. The output is compared with the genetic algorithm (GA) and general load flow analysis. The results are validated with Levenberg-Marquardt back propagation and gradient descent with momentum network training algorithm.

Mixed model assembly system with multiple secondary feeder lines: layout design and balancing procedure for ATO environment

The constant research for efficiency and flexibility has forced assembly systems to change from simple/single assembly lines to mixed model assembly lines, while the necessity to reduce inventory has led the transition from single to multi-line systems, where some components are assembled in secondary lines, called feeder lines, connected to the main one by a ‘pull philosophy’. A possible approach to configure such an assembly system is to balance the main line first and use the retrieved cycle time to balance each feeder line separately, which is a questionable solution, especially if operators can perform tasks on both the feeder and the main line. Moreover for its complexity the mixed model balancing problem is usually solved transforming it into a single model by creating a single ‘virtual average model’, representative of the whole production mix. The use of a virtual average model assumes that the processing times of some models are higher or lower than the cycle time, which creates overload/idle time at the stations. This approach, especially in complex multi line production systems, largely reduces the assembly line productivity and increases the buffers dimensions. This paper faces the mixed model assembly line balancing problem in the presence of multiple feeder lines, introducing an innovative integrated main-feeder lines balancing procedure in case of unpaced assembly systems. The proposed approach is compared with the classical one and validated through simulation and industrial applications.

A compact mimo antenna with improved isolation bandwidth for mobile applications

An internal MIMO antenna for mobile applications is proposed. Helical-type antenna elements are used to construct the MIMO system. The resonance frequencies of the MIMO antenna are controlled by the number of turns per helix. A multi suspended line with lumped elements is used to reduce the coupling between the antenna elements. The antenna elements are located at the top edges of the ground plane, and a decoupling network is inserted between the two antenna elements. The performance of the prototype antenna is analyzed through the scattering parameters, actual diversity gain, envelope correlation coefficient, and channel capacity measurements. The isolation characteristic and MIMO performance can be improved by using the decoupling network at the LTE service band. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2314–2317, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26293

Eye-based Human Computer Interaction Allowing Phoning, Reading E-Book/E-Comic/E-Learning, Internet Browsing, and TV Information Extraction

Eye-based Human-Computer Interaction: HCI system which allows phoning, reading e-book/e-comic/e-learning, internet browsing, and TV information extraction is proposed for handicap student in E-Learning Application. The conventional eye-based HCI applications are facing problems on accuracy and process speed. We develop new interfaces for improving key-in accuracy and process speed of eye-based key-in for E-Learning application, in particular. We propose eye-based HCI by utilizing camera mounted glasses for gaze estimation. We use the sight for controlling the user interface such as navigation of e-comic/e-book/e-learning contents, phoning, internet browsing, and TV information extraction. We develop interfaces including standard interface navigator with five keys, single line of moving keyboard, and multi line of moving keyboard in order to allow the aforementioned functions without burdening the accuracy. The experimental results show the proposed system does work the aforementioned functions in a real time basis.

Deadlock Avoidance Policy in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks with Free Choice Resource Routing

Efficient control schemes are required for effective cooperation of robot teams in a mobile wireless sensor network. If the robots (resources) are also in charge of executing multiple simultaneous missions, then risks of deadlocks due to the presence of shared resources among different missions increase and have to be tackled. Discrete event control with deadlock avoidance has been used in the past for robot team coordination for the case of multi reentrant flowline models with shared resources. In this paper we present an analysis of deadlock avoidance for a generalized case of multi reentrant flow line systems (MRF) called the Free Choice Multi Reentrant Flow Line systems (FMRF). In FMRF, some tasks have multiple resource choices; hence routing decisions have to be made and current results in deadlock avoidance for MRF do not hold. This analysis is based on the so-called Circular Waits (CW) of the resources in the system. For FMRF, the well known notions of Critical Siphons and Critical Subsystems must be generalized and we redefine these objects for such systems. Our second contribution provides a matrix formulation that efficiently computes the objects required for deadlock avoidance in FMRF systems. A MAXWIP dispatching policy is formulated for deadlock avoidance in FMRF systems. According to this policy, deadlock in FMRF is avoided by limiting the work in progress (WIP) in the critical subsystems of each CW. Implemented results of the proposed scheme in a WSN test-bed is presented in the paper.

패턴이 있는 TFT-LCD 패널의 결함검사를 위하여 근접패턴비교와 경계확장 알고리즘을 이용한 자동광학검사기(AOI) 개발

【This paper presents an overall image processing approach of defect inspection of patterned TFT-LCD panels for the real manufacturing process. A prototype of AOI(Automatic Optical Inspection) system which is composed of air floating stage and multi line scan cameras is developed. Adjacent pattern comparison algorithm is enhanced and used for pattern elimination to extract defects in the patterned image of TFT-LCD panels. New region merging algorithm which is based on border expansion is proposed to identify defects from the pattern eliminated defect image. Experimental results show that a developed AOI system has acceptable performance and the proposed algorithm reduces environmental effects and processing time effectively for applying to the real manufacturing process.】

Physical Simulation of Thermo Mechanical Phenomena to Obtain an Optimal Micro Structure for a Soft Magnetic Fe-Co-Alloy

For the application of Fe-Co-alloys in fuel-injection systems several physical properties as saturation magnetization, permeability, remanence and the electric resistivity are the predominant parameters to achieve an optimal functionality of coil formers. These properties are achievable by a process technology which starts at the vacuum melting and a vacuum arc remelting process and is continued at the blooming and the multi line rod rolling mill and ends finally at the finishing line. The above listed properties are associated with the low carbon ferrite structure, which can be achieved by the y/a- transformation and a subsequent ferritic recrystallization. Further the homogeneity and purity of the material take a dominant role in the thermo-mechanical controlled rolling process. To stabilize the deformed ferrite structure, the alloy has small additions of Vanadium, which is precipitated strain induced as vanadium-carbo-nitride in the deformed ferrite at 750 °C. Impurities as oxides or sulphides, which act as nucleation sites for this V(C,N)-precipitation reaction, consume therefore a part of the required nucleation potential. The second purpose of the small vanadium addition, associated with the precipitation, is to reduce the solute carbon content of the ferrite structure to achieve a low magnetic remanence. To investigate these interactions, several process steps were physically simulated on a Gleeble 3800TM system which has been extended by a maxstrain unit to simulate multistep deformation sequences below the γ/α- transformation temperature. Subsequently the achieved structures were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and electron back scatter diffraction analysis. The results have been successfully transmitted to the process and confirmed by the operational results.

X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the pattern recognition method—their application to surface studies in CoPd alloys

AbstractIn the present work, polycrystalline CoPd alloys in varying range of bulk atomic percent composition (Co30Pd70, Co50Pd50 and Co70Pd30) are investigated by means of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results of conventional XPS quantitative multiline (ML) approach are compared to the results obtained on the basis of XPS lines shape analysis, where the selected XPS or X‐ray induced Auger electron (XAES) transitions, are processed using the pattern recognition method known as the fuzzy k‐nearest neighbour (fkNN) rule. The fkNN rule is applied to the following spectra line shapes: Pd MNV, Co 2p, Co LMM, Pd 3d and valence band, analysing electrons in a varying range of selected kinetic energies.Both methods showed the surface segregation of Pd in Co30Pd70 and Co50Pd50 alloys. The results of the ML, the binding energy shift (ΔBE) analysis and the fkNN rule remained in agreement. Discrepancies in quantitative results obtained using different approaches are discussed within the accuracy of the applied methods, differences due to mean escape depth (MED) of electrons in considered transitions, their depth distribution function, the sensitivity of electron transition line shape on the environmental change (weaker effect for the inner shell transitions, and stronger effect for the outer shell transitions and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) electrons transitions) and the non‐uniform depth profile concentrations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

About the blue and green colours in natural fluorapatite

Different natural blue and green fluorapatite samples from Brazil were investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), optical absorption, photoluminescence and the magnetic circular dichroism of absorption (MCDA). The main objective of our work is to confirm the unusual valence state of Mn (V), with high spin configuration S = 1, in tetrahedral coordination. The EPR spectra measured at low temperatures (10 K – 30 K) in X-band (10 GHz) show a complicated structure that can be explained through static Jahn-Teller effect acting on the excited states of Mn (V). Photoluminescence measurements showing a multi line spectrum in the near infrared region caused by transitions between the 1E - 3A2with phonon replica confirm the presence of Mn (V). However, strong evidence for high spin configuration of Mn (V) with S = 1 was found from measurements of the MCDA as a function of temperature and magnetic fields. Using the Brillouin function for the magnetization, a spin S = 1 for the ground state for all optical absorption bands in the visible spectral range was determined, confirming that Mn (V) is responsible for the blue colour in natural fluorapatite. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Design of Various High Quality Random Libraries for in vitro Protein Evolution

The construction of an initial random library of good quality for evolutionary protein engineering (or directed evolution) is one of the most crucial steps for efficient exploitation of the protein sequence space, as well as the construction of genotype-phenotype linking system such as an in vitro virus (or mRNA-protein fusion) [2, 3, 4]. Recently, design of the libraries based on the analysis of bioinformatics databases has been developed. For example, protein aptamers that specifically bind to ATP were evolutionally designed using an mRNA-protein fusion and starting from a random library made by joining blocks, each of which had one of various structural propensities [1]. Recently we developed a method to synthesize a DNA library for a high quality initial random polypeptide library, named Multi Line Split DNA Synthesis (MLSDS) [5]. In this poster, we report a designing method of various MLSDS libraries adapted to various target proteins based on Genetic Algorithm. Due to the flexibility of the MLSDS method, this method allows to design various libraries with high potentiality by using ever-growing bioinformatics databases.

ESR Studies on Photosystem II samples aand Core Complexes from higher plants. Implications from studies on the g4.1 signal

A protocol for the isolation and purification of Core Complexes from a higher plant Photosystem (PS) II preparation has been developed. Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) studies have shown these Core samples are capable of developing a multiline (ML) S2 state by low temperature illumination. Reillumination of Core samples poised in the ML S2 state at 145K using Far Red/ Near Infra-red (NIR) filtered light causes an S2 state interconversion, reducing the ML signal and developing the g4.1 signal. This interconversion has been observed in Core samples suspended in buffers containing sucrose, ethylene glycol (EG) and / or glycerol, with or without added ethanol for each buffer regime. For the illumination system used, such ML to g4.1 signal interconversion by NIR has been observed for PSII samples containing EG and / or glycerol only. Careful examinations and temperature dependence studies on the ESR spectra developed, indicate each of the ML and g4.1 signals are ground state signals. In the sucrose only Core samples, the g4.1 signal is observed in isolation, no other Mn or radical derived signals are observed to develop with increasing temperatures, confirming the result of Boussac and Rutherford (2000, BBA 1457, 145) for this sample regime. However, for samples containing EG and / or glycerol, an excited state radical signal is observed to develop overlying Signal II at higher temperatures. This is consistent with the signal behaviours previously reported and re-examined for PS II samples by this research group. Data is presented for the many buffer regimes examined and implications for the interaction of this radical with the OEC are discussed.