Multi-level Map Research Articles

Blind Multi-Level MAP Detection With Phase Noise Compensation in MIMO-OFDM Systems

Blind Multi-Level MAP Detection With Phase Noise Compensation in MIMO-OFDM Systems

Level-Aware Consistent Multilevel Map Translation From Satellite Imagery

With the rapid development of remote sensing technology, the quality of satellite imagery (SI) is getting higher, which contains rich cartographic information that can be translated into maps. However, existing methods either only focus on generating single-level map or do not fully consider the challenges of multilevel translation from satellite imageries, i.e., the large domain gap, level-dependent content differences, and main content consistency. In this article, we propose a novel level-aware fusion network for the SI-based multilevel map generation (MLMG) task. It aims to tackle these three challenges. To deal with the large domain gap, we propose to generate maps in a coarse-to-fine way. To well-handle the level-dependent content differences, we design a level classifier to explore different levels of the map. Besides, we use a map element extractor to extract the major geographic element features from satellite imageries, which is helpful to keep the main content consistency. Next, we design a multilevel fusion generator to generate a consistent multilevel map from the multilevel preliminary map, which further ensures the main content consistency. In addition, we collect a high-quality multilevel dataset for SI-based MLMG. Experimental results show that the proposed method can provide substantial improvements over the state-of-the-art alternatives in terms of both objective metric and visual quality.

Lattice-Mismatch-Driven Small-Angle Moiré Twists in Epitaxially Grown 2D Vertical Layered Heterostructures.

Artificially introduced small twist angles at the interfaces of vertical layered heterostructures (VLHs) have allowed deterministic tuning of electronic and optical properties such as strongly correlated electronic phases and Moiré excitons. But creating a Moiré twist in van der Waals (vdWs) systems by manual stacking is challenging in reproducibility, uniformity, and accuracy of the twist angle, which hinders future studies. Here, it is demonstrated that contrary to the commonly believed 0°-orientation in vdWs epitaxy, these VLHs show small twist angles controlled by the low-order commensurate phase with low energy and local atomic relaxation. A commensurate multilevel map is proposed to predict possible orientations. Remarkably, high-mismatch VLHs show discrete and sometimes non-zero twist angles dependent on their natural mismatch value. Such framework is experimentally confirmed in five epitaxially grown VLHs under high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), and can provide significant insights for large-scale engineering of twist angle in VLHs.

A point-line-plane primitives fused localization and object-oriented semantic mapping in structural indoor scenes

Visual SLAM (abbreviates ‘simultaneous localization and mapping’) is a promising solution for environment mapping. This study is devoted to a description of a semantically ensembled SLAM framework. For structural indoor scenes, the structured lines and planes can serve as the newly added constraints to improve the positioning accuracy. In this paper, we propose to comprehensively incorporate point-line-plane primitives and construct a tightly coupled camera pose estimator without any environment assumptions. In particular, the maximum number of extracted lines features is numerically determined. We further integrate a lightweight object mapping pipeline with the designed pose estimator. In this pipeline, the leveraging of fitted plane and cuboid landmarks enables an online, CPU-based dense mapping. The tests on ICL-NUIM and TUM benchmark datasets illustrate that, in comparison to ORB-SLAM2, PL-SLAM (Point and Line based SLAM), SP-SLAM (Supposed Plane SLAM) and PLP-SLAM (Point, Line and Plane fused SLAM), our design leads to superior performances in global consistency and system drift elimination. The feature detection and multi-level map reconstruction results are simultaneously provided.

Consistency-Aware Map Generation at Multiple Zoom Levels Using Aerial Image

The multilevel tiled map service is widely used and serves as a kind of digital infrastructure. These map tiles are usually rendered from vector data, whose update needs to walk or drive with professional equipment to check every point of interest. This leads to inconvenience and expensive cost in timely updating maps. Compared with vector data, aerial images are much easier and cheaper to obtain. In this article, we propose a novel multilevel map (MLM) generation framework that can automatically generate accurate and consistent maps with multiple zoom levels from aerial images. It consists of a level-aware map generator and a consistency-aware map generator. The level-aware map generator is able to generate accurate initial maps with realistic details for each zoom level. The consistency-aware map generator regards the initial maps at each zoom level as a sequence and builds the connection between them, so as to guarantee content consistency between maps at different zoom levels. Furthermore, we collect a large-scale high-quality dataset called MLM for map generation at multiple zoom levels. Experiments on our MLM dataset show that our method outperforms the previous state-of-the-art map generation methods on both comprehensive quantitative metrics and perceptual quality.

Research and Technology Organizations as Super Intermediaries: A Conceptual Framework for Policy and a Case Study From Tanzania.

Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) have key roles in stories of national industrial development in many countries, and in various contexts they have transformed according to changes in their surrounding economic and policy environments. This paper proposes a conceptual framework of ‘RTOs as super intermediaries’ as they play multiple intermediary roles in the triple helix (government, research and industry), the overlap of industrial policy and research policy, and research-industry frontiers. The framework helps in understanding and advancing the role of RTOs in industrial development, particularly in developing countries. For a case study, the paper showcases research in Tanzania that explored possibilities of revamping RTOs and whether investing in them would help in spurring Tanzania's industrial development. Through key informant interviews and systemic literature review, a case study on the challenges and opportunities of RTOs was designed to examine their role and potential in industrial development and technology innovation processes. The study findings were overall in-line with two main lenses of inquiry: 1) that for RTOs to play their key roles in Tanzania, industrial policies shaped by the command economy era before the 1990s need to be reviewed and modified; and 2) that more investment in revamping RTOs will take place if policymaking processes acknowledge RTOs as super intermediaries. To organize policy lessons drawn, a multi-level policy map—micro, meso and macro—was utilized as an analytical tool.

Analysis of the Spatial Distribution Pattern of the Urban Landscape in the Central Plains under the Influence of Multiscale and Multilevel Morphological Geomorphology

This paper presents an in-depth analysis and research on the spatial distribution pattern of the urban landscape in the Central Plains digital landscape form and proposes an optimization scheme. Based on the basic theories of systematics and complexity, this paper analyzes the self-similar characteristics of urban morphology, establishes the concept of schema, and constructs a multiscale and multilevel morphological map research framework by drawing on the “planar pattern” morphological analysis method of the school and the “matrix, patch, and corridor” spatial expression model of landscape ecology. The framework of morphological map research at multiple scales has been established, and the theory and method of describing, understanding, judging, and analyzing morphological evolution have been formed. Cities have self-similarity at different scales, and urban evolution is a process of recursion from small-scale hierarchy to large-scale hierarchy, and hierarchy is a phenomenon presented by the natural evolution of cities. After any morphological process is completed, it can only be transformed into the other two ways, so the static morphological description can be transformed into dynamic morphological process analysis.

CscGAN: Conditional Scale-Consistent Generation Network for Multi-Level Remote Sensing Image to Map Translation

Automatic remote sensing (RS) image to map translation is a crucial technology for intelligent tile map generation. Although existing methods based on a generative network (GAN) generated unannotated maps at a single level, they have limited capacity in handling multi-resolution map generation at different levels. To address the problem, we proposed a novel conditional scale-consistent generation network (CscGAN) to simultaneously generate multi-level tile maps from multi-scale RS images, using only a single and unified model. Specifically, the CscGAN first uses the level labels and map annotations as prior conditions to guide hierarchical feature learning with different scales. Then, a multi-scale discriminator and two multi-scale generators are introduced to describe both high-resolution and low-resolution representations, aiming to improve the similarity of generated maps and thus produce high-quality multi-level tile maps. Meanwhile, a level classifier is designed for further exploring the characteristics of tile maps at different levels. Moreover, the CscGAN is optimized by jointly multi-scale adversarial loss, level classification loss, and scale-consistent loss in an end-to-end manner. Extensive experiments on multiple datasets and study areas demonstrate that the CscGAN outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in multi-level map translation, with great robustness and efficiency.

基于多层次特征差异图的视觉场景识别

基于多层次特征差异图的视觉场景识别

A multilevel pan-cancer map links gene mutations to cancer hallmarks.

BackgroundA central challenge in cancer research is to create models that bridge the gap between the molecular level on which interventions can be designed and the cellular and tissue levels on which the disease phenotypes are manifested. This study was undertaken to construct such a model from functional annotations and explore its use when integrated with large-scale cancer genomics data.MethodsWe created a map that connects genes to cancer hallmarks via signaling pathways. We projected gene mutation and focal copy number data from various cancer types onto this map. We performed statistical analyses to uncover mutually exclusive and co-occurring oncogenic aberrations within this topology.ResultsOur analysis showed that although the genetic fingerprint of tumor types could be very different, there were less variations at the level of hallmarks, consistent with the idea that different genetic alterations have similar functional outcomes. Additionally, we showed how the multilevel map could help to clarify the role of infrequently mutated genes, and we demonstrated that mutually exclusive gene mutations were more prevalent in pathways, whereas many co-occurring gene mutations were associated with hallmark characteristics.ConclusionsOverlaying this map with gene mutation and focal copy number data from various cancer types makes it possible to investigate the similarities and differences between tumor samples systematically at the levels of not only genes but also pathways and hallmarks.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40880-015-0050-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Cuboid-based mapping using time-series range data for a daily assistive robot working on a daily environment

This paper describes a method of environment representation based on range data. The method named ‘Time-series Composite Cuboid Map’ is useful for daily assistive robots working on everyday environments. It explicitly copes with temporal sequence of range data, and contributes to online mapping about the following items: (1) Taking over the advantages of Multi-Level Surface Map, high power of expression with a small number of elements is achieved and (2) the compliance of temporal order of the environment map was kept according to addition and subtraction operation. The effective operation for map renewal is also proposed. As verification experiments, both a Laser RangeFinder mounted on tilting platform and a range camera are used, and mapping performance was confirmed. In addition, an application to collision and occlusion detection was implemented to a life-sized robot and the effectiveness of the proposed method was proved.

지리정보시스템을 이용한 새만금 해양환경정보시스템 구축

새만금 방조제 건설 및 토지 개발사업에 따른 해양환경변화 모니터링 및 예측을 위하여 2002년부터 실시간 또는 정기 해양관측 및 수치모델 시뮬레이션을 수행하고 있다. 새만금 해양환경자료는 크게 해양기상, 해양물리/해수유동, 해양수질, 해양생태계, 해저 지형/지질 분야로 분류되며, 각 분야별 관측 및 예측을 통해 지속적으로 생산되는 자료는 10여년에 걸쳐 축적되고 있다. 수집된 해양환경자료는 대용량의 다차원 다변수 시 공간적 분포 특성을 갖는 이질적 자료이기 때문에 이러한 특성을 고려하여 효과적으로 자료의 수집 처리 관리 제공이 가능한 정보시스템 개발은 필수적이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 지리정보시스템과 연계된 웹 기반 새만금 해양환경정보시스템 구축을 통하여 분야별로 축적된 새만금 해양환경정보를 통합적으로 수집 관리하며, 직관적이고 효율적인 웹 사용자 인터페이스 구성과 statistical graphs 및 thematic cartography를 적용한 자료의 과학적 가시화를 통해 방대하고 복잡한 자료의 효과적인 조회 및 분석이 가능하다. 나아가 지오프로세싱을 통한 공간분석을 통해 장기간에 걸친 변화 양상에 대한 정량적 분석을 통하여 새만금의 친환경적 개발을 위한 과학적 근거 제시 및 의사결정 지원을 위한 도구로 활용되고 있다. 또한 원활한 웹 기반 정보 서비스를 위해 다중 맵 캐쉬, 다중 레이어, 공간 데이터베이스 구축 등도 병행되었다. To monitor and predict the change of coastal environment according to the construction of Saemangeum sea dyke and the development of land reclamation, we have done real-time and periodic ocean observation and numerical simulation since 2002. Saemangeum coastal environmental data can be largely classified to marine meteorology, ocean physics and circulation, water quality, marine geology and marine ecosystem and each part of data has been generated continuously and accumulated over about 10 years. The collected coastal environmental data are huge amounts of heterogeneous dataset and have some characteristics of multi-dimension, multivariate and spatio-temporal distribution. Thus the implementation of information system possible to data collection, processing, management and service is necessary. In this study, through the implementation of Saemangeum coastal environmental information system using geographic information system, it enables the integral data collection and management and the data querying and analysis of enormous and high-complexity data through the design of intuitive and effective web user interface and scientific data visualization using statistical graphs and thematic cartography. Furthermore, through the quantitative analysis of trend changed over long-term by the geo-spatial analysis with geo- processing, it's being used as a tool for provide a scientific basis for sustainable development and decision support in Saemangeum coast. Moreover, for the effective web-based information service, multi-level map cache, multi-layer architecture and geospatial database were implemented together.

Efficient plane detection in multilevel surface maps

An automatic system aimed at producing a compact tridimensional description of indoor environments using a mobile 3D laser scanner is described in this paper. The resulting description is made up of a Multi-Level Map (ML map) and a series of planar patches extracted from the map. We propose a novel plane detection algorithm, based on the efficient RANSAC algorithm, that operates directly over the data structures of an ML map and does not need to rely on the low level laser data cloud. The mobile 3D scanner is built from a Hokuyo laser range sensor attached to a 2DOF pan-tilt, which is installed on top of a 3DX Pioneer mobile robot. The 3D spatial information acquired by the laser sensor from different poses is used to build a large single map of the environment using the SLAM 6D library. Experimental results demonstrate that the system described is capable of efficiently building compact and accurate 3D representations of complex large indoor environments at multiple semantic levels.

Abstract 1902: A multilevel map of the immunological terrain in an orthotopic mouse model of lung cancer with emphasis on PGD2/DP1-dependent immunomodulation

Abstract The influence of the organ-specific micro-environment on the host immune response to tumors has been insufficiently adressed. We examined tumor-induced immunomodulation in an orthotopic mouse model of lung cancer. We focused on the PGD2-DP1 signalling axis given its contrasting roles in dendritic cell (DC)-dependent immunomodulation on one hand, and tumor angiogenesis on the other. We found an enrichment of CD11b+ (inflammatory type) DCs within lung tumors. In sharp contrast to DCs in immediately adjacent peritumoral lung tissue, intratumoral DCs displayed a strong upregulation of the T-cell co-inhibitory molecules PD-L1 and ICOS-L on the cell surface. Remarkably, tumor-infiltrating CD4 and CD8 T-cells showed a robust upregulation of the activation marker CD69, while increased numbers of double-negative T-cells were seen within lung tumors as well. Regulatory T-cells were also clearly elevated within tumors as well as in draining lymph nodes (LN) of tumor-bearing hosts. Interestingly, DCs in lung-draining LNs appeared more immature in end-stage tumor bearing mice. Finally, systemic tumor-induced effects were manifest as a strong expansion of myeloid derived suppressor cells in the spleen. DP1-deficiency did not significantly affect any of these immunological parameters. Moreover, in contrast to previous observations using heterotopically implanted lung tumor cells, DP1-deficiency had no impact on survival in our orthotopic lung cancer model. In summary, we provide a multi-level detailed map of tumor-immune system interactions in an orthotopic mouse model of lung cancer. Our findings in DP1-deficient mice stress the importance of the local, organ-specific milieu in driving tumor development and shaping host immune responses. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1902.

Gas distribution mapping of multiple odour sources using a mobile robot

SUMMARYMobile olfactory robots can be used in a number of relevant application areas where a better understanding of a gas distribution is needed, such as environmental monitoring and safety and security related fields. In this paper, we present a method to integrate the classification of odours together with gas distribution mapping. The resulting odour map is then correlated with the spatial information collected from a laser range scanner to form a combined map. Experiments are performed using a mobile robot in large and unmodified indoor and outdoor environments. Multiple odour sources are used and are identified using only transient information from the gas sensor response. The resulting multi-level map can be used as a representation of the collected odour data.

Automated system for testing visual fields

An electronic system for automatically testing the human visual field is described in the context of mass screening for visual disorders, such as glaucoma. Present methods of field testing are briefly reviewed. The new system is patient operated and uses a television monitor as the means for presenting the test stimuli and displaying the results. A multilevel map of a patient's retinal sensitivity is produced in a form which is readily interpreted by an ophthalmologist. A data-transfer unit enables the local storage of results and allows direct access to a computer. Preliminary clinical trials show good agreement with conventional field-testing methods, and yield more detailed information than has hitherto been feasible on a routine basis.