Anthracnose, caused by the <i>Colletotrichum</i> genus, comprises a significant number of plant pathogens and poses a major threat to fruit production worldwide, including South Korea. <i>Colletotrichum</i> species were identified associated with anthracnose in fruits such as apple, persimmon, plum, peach, jujube, walnut, and grape. A polyphasic approach, including morphology, multigene phylogenetics, and pathogenicity testing, was used. Additionally, the <i>in-vitro</i> sensitivity of identified <i>Colletotrichum</i> species to common fungicides was also evaluated. A total of nine <i>Colletotrichum</i> species within two complexes, namely gloeosporioides and acutatum, have been identified as the causal agents of anthracnose in common fruits in South Korea. In the gloeosporioides complex, we found <i>Colletotrichum aenigma, C. fructicola, C. gloeosporioides, C. horii, C. siamense</i>, and <i>C. viniferum</i>. Meanwhile, in the acutatum complex, <i>C. fioriniae, C. nymphaeae</i>, and <i>C. orientalis</i> were identified. Notably, <i>C. fructicola, C. siamense, C. fioriniae</i>, and <i>C. nymphaeae</i> were reported for the first time from apple, <i>C. siamense, C. fioriniae</i> and <i>C. nymphaeae</i> from plum, <i>C. siamense, C. fructicola</i>, and <i>C. fioriniae</i> from peach, <i>C. siamense</i> and <i>C. horii</i> from persimmon, <i>C. fioriniae</i> from Omija (<i>Schisandra</i>), <i>C. orientalis</i> from walnut, <i>C. nymphaeae</i> from jujube, and <i>C. aenigma, C. fructicola</i>, and <i>C. siamense</i> from grape. Fungicide sensitivity tests revealed significant variation in the EC<sub>50</sub> values among specific <i>Colletotrichum</i> species when exposed to different fungicides. Moreover, the same <i>Colletotrichum</i> species isolated from different host plants displayed varying sensitivity to the same fungicide.