Multifunctional Cotton Fabric Research Articles

Development of multifunctional cotton fabric via chemical foam application method

Nowadays, the methods and techniques used in the textile industry are required to be environmentally friendly, and water and energy saving. In addition to these, they should transfer more than one functionality, in other words give multifunctionality to the textile material with reliable and sufficient results in terms of efficiency and permanence. With the increase in and diversification of today's industrial requirements, one functionality on the fabric may be insufficient to meet the requirements, and therefore the subject of multifunctionality holds an important place in the textile industry. Therefore, in this study flame retardant, antibacterial and water-repellent, single-layered multifunctional 100% cotton fabrics with different functionalities on different sides (back and face surfaces) of the fabric were obtained via a chemical foam application method, which has many advantages compared with conventional methods. In some of the experimental parts, impregnation and foam application methods were combined in the process in order to optimize the multifunctionality properties of the fabrics. In order to indicate the performance test of cotton fabric, vertical burning test, contact angle test, antibacterial test against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, color spectrum analysis and tearing strength test were carried out while, in terms of characterization tests, Fourier transform infrared (attenuated total reflectance) and scanning electron microscope analyses were performed. According to the test results, the flame retardancy effect of the samples was improved significantly while antibacterial results showed a 99% reduction of bacteria and the finished fabrics demonstrated improved water repellency with contact angles up to 125°. In addition, the functionalities were durable up to 50 washing and 50 drying cycles.

Facile fabrication of robust fluorine-free superhydrophobic cellulosic fabric for self-cleaning, photocatalysis and UV shielding

Self-cleaning, photocatalysis and UV shielding cotton fabric was fabricated through a mild, facile and efficient method via ZnO/polydimethylsiloxane coatings. No fluorinated materials were employed during the preparation process. The modified cotton presented a high superhydrophobicity, with a water contact angle of 160.4° and water shedding angle of 6.0°. The SEM, EDS and XPS tests were used to investigate the differences of microstructures and chemical compositions of fabrics before and after coating. The robustness of the coated fabric was demonstrated in many aspects, such as immersing in acid and basic solutions, different organic solvents and abrasion test. In addition, the as-prepared superhydrophobic surface displayed excellent self-cleaning due to the synthesis function of superhydrophobicity and photocatalysis. The UV durability and UV shielding characteristics were also investigated. These properties promote the multifunctional cotton fabric as a satisfied candidate in various promising fields.

Mussel-inspired construction of multifunctional cotton fabric with superhydrophobicity, conductivity and antibacterial activity

Using a facile strategy to fabricate multifunctional cotton fabrics with superhydrophobicity, conductivity and antibacterial activity is an important and urgent issue in the development of natural fabrics. Herein, a new type of cotton fabric, denoted as Cot@PDA/Ag/NDM, has been fabricated utilizing mussel-inspired polydopamine (PDA) chemistry, followed by electroless Ag plating and n-dodecyl mercaptan (NDM) self-assembly. The influence of dopamine (DA) and AgNO3 concentration on the surface morphology and conductivity, as well as NDM treatment time on the surface wettability of the fabric is systematically investigated. Cot@PDA/Ag/NDM not only exhibits superhydrophobicity with water contact angle of 155.9 ± 1°, but also possesses excellent self-cleaning and antifouling properties. In addition, the fabric has a highly conductive surface with sheet resistance as low as 10.2 Ω cm, and shows outstanding mechanical properties and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

Structure and properties of carboxymethyl cotton fabric loaded by reduced graphene oxide

Cotton fiber is a natural polysaccharide material with excellent properties, which is widely used in textile industry. However, the poor ultraviolet (UV) protection and electrical conductivity limit its application in other fields. In this study, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) loaded carboxymethyl cotton fabrics were prepared by layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. The structure and surface morphology of the fabrics were studied by K/S value, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Furthermore, the electrical conductivity, thermal properties, light absorption properties and UV protection properties of rGO-loaded carboxymethyl cotton fabrics were also studied. The results indicated that rGO-loaded fabrics possessed excellent electrical conductivity, UV protection properties and high light absorption. In addition, washing durability of rGO-loaded carboxymethyl cotton fabric is very good. This technique provides a simple method for people to prepare multifunctional cotton fabrics.

Polyimide‐coated fabrics with multifunctional properties: Flame retardant, UV protective, and water proof

ABSTRACTMultifunctional technical textiles are of great interest both by industry and academia and these products are considered as high value‐added products that contribute to the economies of countries. In this study, polyamic acid (PAA) was synthesized through polycondensation of pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and 4,4′‐oxydianiline (ODA) in dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) at low temperature. Then, PAA was coated onto woven cotton and polyester fabric by padding technique. Finally, polyimide (PI)‐coated multifunctional cotton and polyester fabrics were obtained by an easy coating technique and low‐temperature imidization. Thus, low cost, easily accessible and widely used cotton and polyester fabrics were converted to high‐performance textile products, which are flame retardant, UV protective, acid resistant, and waterproof. The chemical, thermal, morphological, optical, mechanical, wettability, chemical resistance, and flame retardancy properties of developed fabrics were investigated. Optical results showed that both PI‐coated cotton and polyester fabrics are UV‐A protective compared to noncoated fabrics. Moreover, PI‐coated samples have high contact angles which are 111.43° and 113.40° for PI‐coated cotton (PI‐c‐C) and PI‐coated polyester (PI‐c‐PET), respectively. Young's modulus of PI‐c‐PET fabrics increased four times more than noncoated polyester fabric. PI coating changed the burning behavior of both cotton and polyester fabrics in a positive way. All the test results showed that these developed multifunctional textile products might find an application in different industrial areas such as automotive, aerospace, protective clothing, and so on due to easy and inexpensive production techniques and also superior properties. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47616.

Functionalization of cotton fabric with bismuth oxyiodide nanosheets: applications for photodegrading organic pollutants, UV shielding and self-cleaning

A multifunctional cotton fabric was prepared by immobilizing bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) nanosheets on the surface of cotton treated to briefly dissolve surface molecules with upon the low-temperature addition of NaOH and urea (cotton micro-dissolution). Immobilization was accomplished by successive adsorption and reaction (SILAR) at the temperature (~ 25 °C). The morphology, structural characteristics, photodegradation ability for organic pollutants, UV shielding, and self-cleaning of the treated fabric were studied. The growth rate and uniformity of the BiOI nanosheets were compared between the treated fabrics and the untreated fabrics. The absorption wavelength of the cotton fabric with BiOI nanosheets was extended to the visible light (~ 630 nm) region. Under visible light irradiation, cotton fabric containing BiOI nanosheets (BiOI > 8.4 wt%) showed remarkable photocatalytic ability for degrading rhodamine B (RhB) with a degradation rate of 99% (C0 = 20 mg/L) and 95% after the first and sixth cycle, respectively. The ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) of cotton fabric with BiOI nanosheets was > 50, and its transmittance of ultraviolet A (T(UVA)) was < 5%. The cotton fabric with BiOI nanosheets also exhibited superhydrophobic and self-cleaning properties. Thus, the cotton fabric with BiOI nanosheets has great potential for application as a multifunctional protective material.

CsxWO3 nanosheet-coated cotton fabric with multiple functions: UV/NIR shielding and full-spectrum-responsive self-cleaning

Utilizing fewer functional materials to achieve multifunctional fabrics via facile approaches have been confronting worldwide scientists with an enormous challenge. In this study, a novel multifunctional cotton fabric, combining UV/NIR shielding and full-spectrum-responsive self-cleaning, has been fabricated via self-assembly of CsxWO3 nanosheets based on electrostatic interaction assisted by Poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) in aqueous solution. The microstructure of CsxWO3 nanosheets and their self-assembly coating on cotton fabric were characterized and investigated. The functional properties of the CsxWO3-coated cotton fabric, including UV/NIR shielding and photocatalytic self-cleaning were evaluated. The results indicate that the CsxWO3-coated cotton fabric exhibits superb UV/NIR and heat shielding performance with 15.8 °C and 5.9 °C lower than no coverage and coverage by none-treated cotton fabric, respectively. Moreover, the well-coated cotton fabric demonstrates photocatalytic self-cleaning property responsive to the light ranging from UV, Vis to NIR, especially exhibits highly efficient self-cleaning under the respective irritation of full-spectrum, UV and Vis light (color faded completely within 10 h). In summary, the CsxWO3-coated fabrics can achieve multi-functions of UV shielding, heat insulation and self-cleaning by means of a single functional nanomaterial and promise of huge applications in functional textiles.

Nano-structured metal oxides: synthesis, characterization and application for multifunctional cotton fabric

Zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are prepared from their salts in form of aqueous suspensions to provide multifunctional cellulosic substrate. ZnO-NPs and TiO2-NPs are obtained in the range of 3–5 nm and 8–15 nm, respectively. Prepared suspensions are loaded onto knitted cotton fabrics and fixed using reactive softener and/or citric acid. Antimicrobial activity, ultraviolet protection (UPF) and self-cleaning in respect to metal oxides add-on to the fabrics are investigated. Fabrics treated with ZnO-NPs for 10 g l−1 (white fabrics) and 5 g l−1 (dyed fabrics) were cidal for both gram negative and positive bacteria. Using 5 g l−1 TiO2-NPs in the presence of reactive softener has a bacteriostatic effect and showed a decent bacteria reduction. TiO2-NPs showed the better UPF values than those of ZnO treated fabrics when it compared to the same fabric structure. Discoloration values of TiO2-NPs treated fabrics showed superior color fading over the ZnO-NPs treated samples.

Multi-functional finishing of cotton fabrics by water-based layer-by-layer assembly of metal–organic framework

A multi-functional cotton fabric with UV resistance, antibacterial and superhydrophobic properties was achieved by immobilizing metal–organic framework ZnBDC on the fabric surface using zinc(II) acetate and 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid as raw materials. The immobilization of ZnBDC was performed via water-based layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition based on the concept of self-assemble. The ZnBDC on cotton surface was characterized by XRD, ATR-FTIR, SEM, UV–Vis spectra, TG and adsorption of Rhodamine B. The results indicated the ZnBDC was formed as a partially hydrolyzed phase of MOF-5 on the fabric surface during the LbL deposition. The porous structure of ZnBDC was kept after the deposition. The effect of deposition cycle, deposition temperature and time on the deposition of ZnBDC has been studied. The results showed that the ZnBDC deposited cotton fabric had an excellent anti-UV properties with UPF 50 +, T(UV-A) and T(UV-B) 150°.

Functionalization of cotton fabrics with highly durable polysiloxane–TiO2 hybrid layers: potential applications for photo-induced water–oil separation, UV shielding, and self-cleaning

Using a facile strategy to prepare multifunctional cotton fabrics is an important and urgent issue in the sustainable development of natural fibers.

Development of multifunctional cotton using fluorocarbon resin

An attempt has been made to develop multifunctional cotton fabric, possessing water repellent, stain repellent, shrink resistance and quick dry properties using fluorocarbon resin. The hydrophobicity of cotton fabric was determined by carrying out water repellency test, taking scanning electron microscopic photographs and measuring water contact angle. The durability of hydrophobicity of cotton was tested till 20 washes and found satisfactory. Oil repellency was determined employing hydrocarbons resistance test. The air permeability of cotton fabric was also determined keeping in view the impact on breathability of treated cotton and was found quite good. The untreated and treated cotton fabric was subjected to repeated domestic laundry condition, and shrinkage was measured, which indicated excellent shrink resistance behaviour because of its water repelling characteristic. This hydrophobicity of cotton also added to its quick dry behaviour even at low temperature and high relative humidity. The physical properties of treated dyed cotton fabric samples were compared with untreated, and no significant changes were observed in colour fastness to washing, rubbing, perspiration and light. The tensile and tear strength showed good retention even at higher concentration of fluorocarbon resin. This work is of great industrial importance for textile products used in home textiles. The textile industry can fetch more export earnings by doing multiple value addition using the same chemical. The work reported in the literature is about using fluorocarbon and developing water- and oil-repellent fabrics. In the present work, apart from water and oil repellency, shrink resistance and quick dry behaviour of cotton textile has also been established using same fluorocarbon because of hydrophobicity imparted to cotton.

Novel cellulose fabric with multifunctional properties through diverse methods of Ag/TiO2/β-cyclodextrin nanocomposites synthesis

Multifunctional cotton fabric with excellent antibacterial efficiency and enhanced durable self-cleaning activity was introduced as a novel substrate with potential benefit for hosting various compounds such as drugs and pollutants providing medical and environmental remediation applications. For this purpose, Ag/TiO2/β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) nanocomposites was synthesized and deposited on cotton fabric using three different methods namely exhaustion, pad-dry-cure and in-situ synthesis, following by post-treatment with citric acid and sodium hypophosphite. The samples were analyzed by different characterization tests including FESEM, EDX, XRD and FTIR. Response surface methodology based on one factor design was applied to study the influence of β-CD:Ag+ molar ratio and treatment method on self-cleaning activity, obtaining the optimized condition. Exhaustion method was found as the best technique providing maximum nanocomposites adsorption and self-cleaning properties based on statistical analysis. The optimized sample possessed enhanced self-cleaning properties toward methylene blue degradation, excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, maximum chrome ion adsorption, slightly increased tensile strength and crease recovery angle.

Multi-functional Cotton Fabrics Using Nano-Technology and Environmentally Friendly Finishing Agents

TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared using sol-gel technique. The prepared nanoparticles were analyzed using transmission electron microscope (TEM). Cotton fabrics were treated using prepared TiO2 nanoparticles in presence of citric acid and commercially flame retarding agent named Flovan CWF to produce cotton fabrics having multi-functional properties (anti-crease, self cleaning, and flame retardant) using pad-dry-cure- method. The treated fabrics examined by several testing and analysis methods such as crease recovery angle (CRA), tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (El), whiteness index (WI), self cleaning through K/S measurement and flame retarding properties through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) . Results obtained reveal that the optimum condition for the preparation of multi-functional cotton fabric is by using the following formulation (6 % citric acid, 3 % TiO2, 300g/l Flovan CWF) padded for pick-up 100%, dried at 100oC for 5minute and cured at 160oC For 3 min.. The presence of TiO2 nanoparticles on the surface of the fabrics was proofed using EDX and the fabrics were examined also using scanning electron microscope.

Multi-functional Cotton Fabrics Using Nano-Technology and Environmentally Friendly Finishing Agents

Multi-functional Cotton Fabrics Using Nano-Technology and Environmentally Friendly Finishing Agents

A multifunctional cotton fabric using TiO2 and PCMs: introducing thermal comfort and self-cleaning properties

The development of materials with multiple functionalities is a market imperative that places new challenges on textile processing. The purpose of this study was to establish the conditions to obtain a cotton material that is comfortable, with self-cleaning and antimicrobial properties. For this purpose, microcapsules of phase change materials (mPCM) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NP) were applied. The resulting fabrics were characterized with resource to infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), contact angle and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The self-cleaning properties of treated fabrics were also analysed based on the photocatalytic ability of coated fabrics. Therefore, the decomposition of methyl orange (MO) and the degradation of red wine and curry spots under the irradiation of a solar simulator were analysed. Thus, the incorporation of TiO2 particles into the cotton fabric promoted self-cleaning and antibacterial characteristics, but the presence of PCM combined with TiO2 increases the bioactivity of materials.

Flame retardant and hydrophobic cotton fabrics from intumescent coatings

Intumescent flame retardant and hydrophobic coatings, consisting of sodium montmorillonite (MMT), ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP), and methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS), were prepared via in situ sol-gel and self-assembly techniques to acquire multifunctional cotton fabrics. The impact of MTMS concentration on hydrophobicity, fire resistance, thermal stability, and heat release behavior of the coated fabrics was investigated. A Si-O-Si network structure was generated via the hydrolysis-condensation reaction of MTMS, induced by the catalysis of ADP. After treated by the coating with 2.0 wt.% of MTMS, the cotton fabric with a total uptake of 22.7 wt.% achieved appreciable flame retardancy and hydrophobicity, as well as satisfactory thermal stability and heat release behaviors. Overall, this research provides a facile and effective approach to prepare flame retardant and hydrophobic cotton fabrics.

Copper coated multifunctional cotton fabrics

The present work deals with the development of electrically conductive cotton fabrics by in-situ deposition of copper particles. The dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction techniques were employed to study the morphology of deposited copper particles. The utility of conductive fabrics was analyzed for electromagnetic shielding ability over frequency range of 30 MHz to 1.5 GHz. The electromagnetic interference shielding was found to increase with increase in number of dips, which was attributed to increased reflection of EM waves due to dense, uniform, and percolated network of conductive copper particles on the surface. The sample produced from 100 and 150 dips exhibited the maximum shielding ability of 10 dB and 13 dB, respectively. Furthermore, the role of deposited copper particles on antibacterial properties was examined against pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The S. aureus showed more sensitivity towards copper particles as zone of inhibitions increased from 9.5 to 15.5 mm. At the end, the durability of fabrics was examined against washing after application of binder. The fabrics showed good retention of the copper particles, proved by scanning electron microscopic microstructures and small loss in the conductivity of the material after washing.

Surface modification of SiO2 coated ZnO nanoparticles for multifunctional cotton fabrics

A simple chemical synthetic route was designed to prepare zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) by using sodium alginate as anti-agglomeration agent in the presence of sodium hydroxide as alkali. Next, surface modification of ZnO-NPs with SiO2 nanoparticles was achieved as per to sol-gel process. Further enhancing of the multifunctional properties of SiO2@ZnO-NPs was conducted successfully thanks to (aminopropyl)triethoxysilan (APTES) and vinyltriethoxysilan (VTES) which, in turns, increase the affinity of the SiO2@ZnO-NPs nanocomposite towards glycosidic chains of cotton fabrics. Thorough characterizations of synthesized ZnO-NPs, SiO2@ZnO-NPs, SiO2@ZnO-NPs/APTES and SiO2@ZnO-NPs/VTES were conducted by the making use of well advanced techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, TEM, DLS and SEM-EDX. The data obtained clarified the formation of an interfacial chemical bond between ZnO and SiO2 as affirmed by FT-IR and XRD analysis. In addition, the results revealed by TEM, zeta sizer and SEM-EDX techniques, declared that the amorphous layers of SiO2, APTES or VTES evenly coated the surface of ZnO-NPs. For these nanocomposites, the work was extended to render cotton fabrics multifunctional properties such as antibacterial and UV protection with high durability even after 20 washing cycles using pad dry cure method. Taking the advantages of the silane compounds terminated by active groups such as OH, NH2, etc., open the door for further functionalization of the cotton fabrics’ surfaces by durable multifunctional agents applied in various applications.

Electromagnetic interference shielding cotton fabrics with high electrical conductivity and electrical heating behavior via layer-by-layer self-assembly route

In our paper, multi-functional cotton fabrics with electrical and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties via layer-by-layer (LbL) electrostatic self-assembly approach were prepared.

In situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles on the cotton fabrics modified by plasma induced vapor phase graft polymerization of acrylic acid for durable multifunction

A practical and ecological method for preparing the multifunctional cotton fabrics with excellent laundering durability was explored. Cotton fabrics were modified by plasma induced vapor phase graft polymerization (PIVPGP) of acrylic acid (AA) and subsequently silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were in situ synthesized on the treated cotton fabrics. The AgNP loaded cotton fabrics were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), antibacterial activity, self-cleaning activity, thermal stability and laundering durability, respectively. SEM observation and EDX, XPS and XRD analysis demonstrated the much more AgNPs deposition on the cotton fabrics modified by PIVPGP of AA. The AgNP loaded cotton fabrics also exhibited better antibacterial activity, self-cleaning activity, thermal stability and laundering durability. It was concluded that the surface modification of the cotton fabrics by PIVPGP of AA could increase the loading efficiency and binding fastness of AgNPs on the treated cotton fabrics, which could fabricate the cotton fabrics with durable multifunction. In addition, the mechanism of in situ synthesis of AgNPs on the cotton fabrics modified by PIVPGP of AA was proposed.