Multifunctional Compound Research Articles

Effect of anemoside B4 on ameliorating cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury.

Anemoside B4 (AB4) is a multifunctional compound with anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, antiviral, and autophagy-enhancing effects. However, the role of AB4 in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI) remains obscure. This experiment aims to investigate the pharmacological effects of AB4 in CIRI. In vivo, eighty male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham, MCAO/R, LD group (2.5 mg/kg), MD group (5 mg/kg), and HD group (10 mg/kg). The rats in sham and MCAO/R groups were given equal volumes of normal saline. In vitro, PC12 cells were divided into five groups: normal, OGD/R, OGD/R+AB4 (50 μM), OGD/R+AB4 (100 μM), and OGD/R+AB4 (200 μM). The cells were treated with hypoxia and hypoglycemia for 1.5 hr and reoxygenation for 24 hr. In vivo, TTC and neurological scoring tests indicated that AB4 favors promoting the recovery of the brain. The histopathologic study of the brain tissues revealed that AB4 inhibited the damage of neuron cells. The TUNEL assay found that AB4 could improve cell apoptosis and prevent the brain from injury. In vitro, the data showed that AB4 inhibited cell damage and prevented PC12 cells from OGD/R injury, reduced IL-1β content, and increased the IL-10 level. AB4 could inhibit apoptosis of PC12 cells, down-regulate Caspase 12 and BAX expression, and up-regulate Bcl-2 expression. AB4 played a protective role in CIRI and could be a promising active ingredient against ischemia stroke.

Advanced technological approaches and market status analysis of xylose bioconversion and utilization: Xylooligosacharides and xylonic acid as emerging products.

The efficient conversion of xylose is a short board of cask effect to lignocellulosic biorefining, by markedly affecting the total economic and environmental benefits. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the current commercial status of traditional xylose utilization and industrial technology development, this review outlines new technological avenues for the efficient utilization of xylose from lignocellulosic biomass, focusing on super prebiotic xylo-oligosaccharides and multifunctional platform compound xylonic acid. Firstly, the traditional products that can be derived from lignocellulosic xylose, including xylitol (447.88 billion USD in 2022), furfural (662 million USD in 2023), and bioethanol (46.18 billion USD in 2022), are introduced along with the current market status and latest production technologies. Then, the discussion covers the industrial development and production methods of xylo-oligosaccharides, and highlights the potential of xylonic acid, focusing on innovative whole-cell catalysis in a sealed oxygen supply-bioreactor system. Finally, other directions for efficient and high-value utilization of lignocellulosic xylose are summarized, including lactic acid, succinic acid, and 2,3-butanediol. This review aims to provide new perspectives on the utilization and valorization of xylose by summarizing main traditional industrial products and emerging products, thereby promoting the development of the entire lignocellulosic biomass field.

Isoindolinedione-Benzamide Pyridinium Derivatives for Targeting Alzheimer's Disease.

An Isoindolinedione-benzamide pyridinium derivatives were designed through a structure-based strategy and synthesized as novel multifunctional anti-Alzheimer agents. The inhibitory activities of all 17 derivatives against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase were evaluated. Results exhibited that compound 7j displayed promising AChE inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 0.26 ± 0.07 μM, and compound 7c exhibited an IC50 value of 0.08 ± 0.01 μM against BChE with 132-fold better inhibitory activity in comparison with positive control. Next, the enzyme kinetics studies and detailed binding mode via molecular docking were performed for the most potent compounds. Additionally, molecular dynamics simulations were accomplished to further investigate the potent compound's interaction, orientation, and conformation over the related enzymes. The neurotoxicity of the most potent derivative was executed against SH-SY5Y, and the mRNA levels of GSK-3α and GSK-3β after treatment with 7c on SH-SY5Y were evaluated. Results exhibited the mRNA levels of GSK-3β were decreased compared to the control group. All these results indicate that 7c is a good starting point for developing a multifunctional anti-Alzheimer compound.

Intrinsically Thermally Degradable Microstructures Fabricated by Photodimerization in Rapid 3D Laser Printing

AbstractClassical photoresists utilized in direct laser writing (DLW) rely on photoinitiators and radical polymerization mechanisms to induce the cross‐linking process. Herein, a simple initiator‐free photoresist is introduced that enables the rapid fabrication of intrinsically thermally degradable 3D microstructures via DLW. The reported photoresist exploits the [2 + 2] photo‐dimerization reaction of a multifunctional monosubstituted thiomaleimide compound while harvesting on‐demand microstructure degradation through the intrinsic thermally reversible nature of the photocrosslinks. The photoresist exceeds attainable DLW printing speeds for non‐chain growth resins, readily attaining 1500 µm s−1 and up to 5000 µm s−1, making it a promising system to compete with traditional photo‐initiator containing resists while introducing on‐demand post‐printing degradability.

Effect of ANSA as an additive on electrodeposited Sn-Ag-Cu alloy coatings in deep eutectic solvent

This study investigates the electrodeposition of Sn-Ag-Cu ternary solder coating in a choline chloride-ethylene glycol DES using 1-amino-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid (ANSA) as an additive. The mechanism of ANSA was evaluated through UV–visible absorption spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and CV. The results demonstrate that ANSA, as a multifunctional organic compound, influences the electrodeposition process through its sulfonic acid, amino, and naphthyl groups. When the ANSA concentration is below 600 ppm, its primary action is through an interfacial adsorption mechanism, where lone pairs of electrons on nitrogen and oxygen atoms adsorb onto the electrode surface, and the bulky naphthyl ring inhibits the formation of large deposits. As the ANSA concentration exceeds 600 ppm, complexation becomes the dominant mechanism, competing with the complexation of chloride ions (Cl−) in the choline chloride electrolyte. SEM analysis indicates that as the ANSA concentration increases, the deposited coatings become smoother, denser, and exhibit finer grain sizes. The Scharifker-Hills model was employed to analyze the CA curves before and after the addition of ANSA, revealing that the nucleation mechanism of Sn-Ag-Cu alloy deposition gradually transitions from instantaneous nucleation to progressive nucleation with increasing ANSA concentration.

Carvacrol acts on the larval midgut of Spodoptera frugiperda by destroying the tissue structure and altering the bacterial community

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, has become a global invasive pest in recent years, threatening agricultural production. Carvacrol (CAR) is a multifunctional plant-derived compound and exhibited significant bioactivities against many pests. Our previous study found that CAR inhibited growth and development in S. frugiperda. However, the effects of CAR on the midgut of this pest remain unknown. In this study, the actions of CAR on the larval midgut of S. frugiperda were investigated. The results found that 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg CAR treatments destroyed the structure of the larval midgut based on hematoxylin-eosin staining and transmission electron microscope observation. In addition, 2.0 g/kg CAR exposure significantly altered the larval midgut bacterial community composition and structure. The results of the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis suggest that six bacterial genera contributed to the different structures of the larval bacterial community. Furthermore, PICRUSt2 analysis found that 16 bacterial function categories were altered by CAR treatment, of which 8 were significantly increased. Our results provided new insight into the toxicological mechanisms of CAR against S. frugiperda larvae and laid the foundation for the field application of S. frugiperda control.

Single overall ‘H-shaped’ multifunctional compound achieves fire safety, durability, enhanced strength, and smoke suppression of cotton fabrics

Challenges currently faced by phosphorus-based flame retardants for cotton fabrics include reduced fabric strength after treatment, high smoke release during combustion, formaldehyde release from commercial phosphorus-based flame retardants and poor flame retardant durability after treatment. In the present work, a P/N/B synergistic flame retardant TBST is synthesized using phosphoric acid, cyanuric acid, boric acid, pentaerythritol, etc. The phosphorus‑nitrogen‑boron atomic ratio is 2:3:1, and it is successfully prepared on cotton fabric to prepare TBST/Cotton. When the weight gain rate is 29.8 %, the LOI value is 41.6 ± 0.3 %, indicating that TBST/Cotton has excellent flame retardant performance. At the same time, in the vertical flame test, the length of residual carbon is 5.6 cm. In addition, the THR and HRR are reduced by 58.4 % and 91.9 % respectively compared to Cotton, indicating that TBST/Cotton has excellent combustion performance. In addition, compared to the residual carbon content of Cotton at 710 °C, the residual carbon content of TBST/Cotton in nitrogen increased by 27.79 %. For a 30 % increase in weight, the increase in longitudinal mechanical strength is 23.1 %. Inferred the decomposition mechanism and flame retardant mechanism of TBST/Cotton. TBST/Cotton has the advantages of good flame retardant durability and enhanced mechanical properties, and the reinforcement mechanism of TBST has been speculated.

Novel 2-aminothiazole analogues both as polymyxin E synergist and antimicrobial agent against multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria

The widespread emergence of antibiotic resistance poses a substantial challenge to global health. While polymyxin E serves as a final option in treatment, its effectiveness is hindered by dose-related toxicity. A crucial strategy for addressing this issue involves incorporating an antibiotic adjuvant to enhance the antibiotic's efficacy and decrease the required dosage. Here, we reported a multifunctional antibacterial compound A33, containing a 2-aminothiazole scaffold. In vitro studies demonstrated that A33 in combination with polymyxin E inhibited the growth of various Gram-negative bacteria, meanwhile with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.5–4 μg/mL against twenty-three Gram-positive bacteria, including two drug-resistant strains. In vivo studies showed significant efficacy of the combined treatment of A33 and polymyxin E in a mouse infection model. The mice treated with compound A33 (64 mg/kg) and polymyxin E (0.5 mg/kg) in combination had a 100 % survival rate. Mechanistic studies suggested that A33 might exert its synergistic effect by targeting the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. The ADMET data demonstrated that A33 possessed good pharmacokinetic profiles and drug-likeness properties. Overall, the optimized compound A33 assisted polymyxin E in combating various Gram-negative bacteria and exhibited bactericidal effects against drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria, offering a new potential therapeutic approach for managing mixed bacterial infections.

Joint Screening and Identification of Potential Targets of Nitazoxanide by Affinity Chromatography and Label-Free Techniques.

Nitazoxanide not only exhibits a broad spectrum of activities against various pathogens infecting animals and humans but also induces cellular autophagy. Currently, the pattern of action and subcellular targets of nitazoxanide-induced cellular autophagy are still unclear. To identify potential targets of nitazoxanide in mammalian cells, we developed an af-finity chromatography system using tizoxanide, a deacetyl derivative of nitazoxanide, as a ligand. Affinity chromatography was performed using VERO cell extracts on tizoxanide-biotin, and the isolated binding proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. Candidate target proteins ob-tained using affinity chromatography were co-analysed with the drug affinity response target sta-bility method. Fluorescent probes obtained by coupling rhodamine B to nitazoxanide were used for intracellular localisation of the binding targets. Solvent-induced protein precipitation profiling and thermal proteome profiling were used to further validate the binding proteins. The joint analysis of the drug affinity response target stability method and affinity chro-matography resulted in the screening of six possible candidate target proteins. Fluorescent probes localised the nitazoxanide-binding protein around the nuclear membrane. Molecular docking re-vealed that the binding proteins mainly formed hydrogen bonds with the nitro group of nitazoxa-nide. Solvent-induced protein precipitation profiling and thermal proteome profiling further vali-dated SEC61A, PSMD12, and PRKAG1 as potential target proteins of nitazoxanide. The data supports the idea that nitazoxanide is a multifunctional compound with multiple targets.

Wet ball milling activated oyster shells for multifunctional slow-release compound fertilizer production

Slow-release fertilizers have been known to boost crop yields, but their high cost and slow degradation make them less practical for use. In this study, oyster shell (OS) was modified by mechanical ball milling with monosodium glutamate (MSG) wastewater as an activator to prepare activated oyster shell (AOS) with an average particle size of 32.7 nm. Compared to natural oyster shell (NOS), the AOS increased water-soluble Ca by 22 times, expanded the average desorption pore size by 155 %, enhanced the specific surface area by 9 times, and improved the total pore volume by 1587 %. AOS was mixed with traditional fertilizers and extruded to develop a new type of activated oyster-based slow-release compound fertilizer (AOF). Physical effects mainly controlled the slow-release ability of AOF. AOS formed vaterite with a large peak shape, high strength, and well-defined crystal structure, providing more binding sites for NH4+, HPO42−, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+. In addition, AOS was rich in Ca-OH and Mg-OH, which increased the potential for ligand exchange with fertilizer ions, which further improved the chemical slow-release properties of AOF. The AOF continuously releases N, P, K, Ca, and Mg nutrients over a period exceeding 70 days. The nutrient release behavior in AOF was accurately described by the logistic equation, the Elovich equation, and the parabolic diffusion equation. AOF increased the dry weight of green plum by 190 % and the yield by 61 %. The AOF prepared in this study proved to be an innovative and environmentally sustainable slow-release fertilizer.

Melatonin as a modulator of MAPK cascade and ROS-RNS feedforward loop during plant pathogen interaction

Sustainable agricultural practices encounter formidable obstacles posed by a diverse array of biotic stressors, including fungi, bacteria, viruses, viroids, phytoplasma, and nematodes, which are widespread across the globe. The severity of these stressors is shaped by variables such as weather patterns, cropping techniques, cultivation methodologies, crop varieties, and their resistance capabilities. Melatonin, a multifunctional compound present in various organisms, plays vital roles, especially in enhancing plant resilience to environmental challenges. Its use can alleviate the negative effects of abiotic factors on plants. Recent research indicates its positive influence on plant defense against biotic stresses. In this review, we discuss the contributions of melatonin in enhancing plant resilience against pathogenic attacks by initiating early defense responses, regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) levels, and interacting with signaling pathways involved in plant defense mechanisms. Following pathogenic attacks, ROS and RNS are rapidly generated, forming an interconnected loop with melatonin, termed the melatonin-ROS-RNS feedforward loop. We discuss how the loop, which may be present in the mitochondria and chloroplasts, increases disease resistance at the earliest possible stage of pathogen entry while providing on-site defense. We also consider the development of the melatonin receptor-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade and the emergence of phytohormone pathways in plants, and how melatonin interacts with these signaling pathways to drive defense responses. This multifunctional compound holds promise for sustainable agricultural practices by potentially mitigating the negative impacts of various biotic stressors on crop yield and quality.

Melatonin regulates endoplasmic reticulum stress in diverse pathophysiological contexts: A comprehensive mechanistic review.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is crucial for protein quality control, and disruptions in its function can lead to various diseases. ER stress triggers an adaptive response called the unfolded protein response (UPR), which can either restore cellular homeostasis or induce cell death. Melatonin, a safe and multifunctional compound, shows promise in controlling ER stress and could be a valuable therapeutic agent for managing the UPR. By regulating ER and mitochondrial functions, melatonin helps maintain cellular homeostasis via reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Melatonin can directly or indirectly interfere with ER-associated sensors and downstream targets of the UPR, impacting cell death, autophagy, inflammation, molecular repair, among others. Crucially, this review explores the mechanistic role of melatonin on ER stress in various diseases including liver damage, neurodegeneration, reproductive disorders, pulmonary disease, cardiomyopathy, insulin resistance, renal dysfunction, and cancer. Interestingly, while it alleviates the burden of ER stress in most pathological contexts, it can paradoxically stimulate ER stress in cancer cells, highlighting its intricate involvement in cellular homeostasis. With numerous successful studies using in vivo and in vitro models, the continuation of clinical trials is imperative to fully explore melatonin's therapeutic potential in these conditions.

Tactfully regulating the ESIPT and TICT mechanism in the AIE-active multifunctional triphenylamine Schiff-base compound (TPASB) by methyl substitution

The triphenylamine Schiff-base (TPASB) with dual proton transfer sites (N1…H1–O1 [R1] and N2…H2–O2 [R2]), which is crucial in the field of optoelectronic materials. Herein, a novel molecular design strategy for preparing of TPASB-1 and TPASB-2 via the selective methylation of the hydroxyl group at the R2 or R1 position was proposed. The analysis of electronic structures and potential energy surfaces revealed that a single excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process of TPASB occurs only at R1. Nevertheless, the ESIPT process of TPASB-2 was successfully turned on at R2. More noteworthy is that compared to TPASB, the methylation of hydroxyl group at the R2 position triggers the TICT process of TPASB-1, effectively reducing the potential barrier of ESIPT at the R1 position. This theoretical study explains the role of the substituent effect in regulating ESIPT behaviour, and provides valuable guidance for synthesising efficacious ESIPT-active compounds.

Enhancing Bioactivity through the Transfer of the 2-(Hydroxymethoxy)Vinyl Moiety: Application in the Modification of Tyrosol and Hinokitiol.

Utilizing Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/QZVP level and incorporating the Conductor-like Polarizable Continuum Model (C-PCM) for solvation, the thermodynamic and chemical activity properties of 21-(hydroxymethoxy)henicosadecaenal, identified in cultured freshwater pearls from the mollusk Hyriopsis cumingii, have been elucidated. The study demonstrates that this compound releases formaldehyde, a potent antimicrobial agent, through dehydrogenation and deprotonation processes in both hydrophilic and lipophilic environments. Moreover, this polyenal exhibits strong anti-reductant properties, effectively scavenging free radicals. These critical properties classify the pearl-derived ingredient as a natural multi-functional compound, serving as a coloring, antiradical, and antimicrobial agent. The 2-(hydroxymethoxy)vinyl (HMV) moiety responsible for the formaldehyde release can be transferred to other compounds, thereby enhancing their biological activity. For instance, tyrosol (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenol) can be modified by substituting the less active 2-hydroxyethyl group with the active HMV one, and hinokitiol (4-isopropylotropolone) can be functionalized by attaching this moiety to the tropolone ring. A new type of meso-carrier, structurally modeled on pearls, with active substances loaded both in the layers and the mineral part, has been proposed.

An Insightful Overview of Microbial Biosurfactant: A Promising Next-Generation Biomolecule for Sustainable Future.

Microbial biosurfactant is an emerging vital biomolecule of the 21st century. They are amphiphilic compounds produced by microorganisms and possess unique properties to reduce surface tension activity. The use of microbial surfactants spans most of the industrial fields due to their biodegradability, less toxicity, being environmentally safe, and being synthesized from renewable sources. These would be highly efficient eco-friendly alternatives to petroleum-derived surfactants that would open up new approaches to research on the production of biosurfactants. In the upcoming era, biobased surfactants will become a dominating multifunctional compound in the world market. Research on biosurfactants ranges from the search for novel microorganisms that can produce new molecules, structural and physiochemical characterization of biosurfactants, and fermentation process for enhanced large-scale productivity and green applications. The main goal of this review is to provide an overview of the recent state of knowledge and trends about microbially derived surfactants, various aspects of biosurfactant production, definition, properties, characteristics, diverse advances, and applications. This would lead a long way in the production of biosurfactants as globally successful biomolecules of the current century.

Power of Dopamine: Multifunctional Compound Assisted Conversion of the Most Risk Factor into Therapeutics of Alzheimer's Disease.

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a crucial role, which is produced from molecular oxygen with extracellular deposited amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregates through the reduction of a Cu2+ ion. In the presence of a small amount of redox-active Cu2+ ion, ROS is produced by the Aβ-Cu2+ complex as Aβ peptide alone is unable to generate excess ROS. Therefore, Cu2+ ion chelators are considered promising therapeutics against AD. Here, we have designed and synthesized a series of Schiff base derivatives (SB) based on 2-hydroxy aromatic aldehyde derivatives and dopamine. These SB compounds contain one copper chelating core, which captures the Cu2+ ions from the Aβ-Cu2+ complex. Thereby, it inhibits copper-induced amyloid aggregation as well as amyloid self-aggregation. It also inhibits copper-catalyzed ROS production through sequestering of Cu2+ ions. The uniqueness of our designed ligands has the dual property of dopamine, which not only acts as a ROS scavenger but also chelates the copper ion. The crystallographic analysis proves the power of the dopamine unit. Therefore, dual exploration of dopamine core can be considered as potential therapeutics for future AD treatment.

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural and its Downstream Chemicals: A Review of Catalytic Routes.

Biomass assumes an increasingly vital role in the realm of renewable energy and sustainable development due to its abundant availability, renewability, and minimal environmental impact. Within this context, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), derived from sugar dehydration, stands out as a critical bio-derived product. It serves as a pivotal multifunctional platform compound, integral in synthesizing various vital chemicals, including furan-based polymers, fine chemicals, and biofuels. The high reactivity of HMF, attributed to its highly active aldehyde, hydroxyl, and furan ring, underscores the challenge of selectively regulating its conversion to obtain the desired products. This review highlights the research progress on efficient catalytic systems for HMF synthesis, oxidation, reduction, and etherification. Additionally, it outlines the techno-economic analysis (TEA) and prospective research directions for the production of furan-based chemicals. Despite significant progress in catalysis research, and certain process routes demonstrating substantial economics, with key indicators surpassing petroleum-based products, a gap persists between fundamental research and large-scale industrialization. This is due to the lack of comprehensive engineering research on bio-based chemicals, making the commercialization process a distant goal. These findings provide valuable insights for further development of this field.

WITHDRAWN: Hybrid morphology of fine nanowires encapsulated with nanoparticles in VO2/CuWO4 nanocomposite as Zn-ion battery cathode

Energy crisis due to decaying fossil fuels can be tackled by using electrochemical energy storage devices specially Zn-ion battery for their non-flammability, cost-effectiveness and promising energy density. However, its feasibility requires excellent cathode materials with high Zn2+ intercalation activity. In this regard, vanadium-based compounds at nanoscale regime are very effective. This work presents a profound synthesis of VO2 nanowires and a novel approach to improve its cathodic property by blending it with a multifunctional CuWO4 compound. For the first time VO2/CuWO4 nanocomposite is developed as a cathode material of Zn-ion battery to showcase a promising specific capacity of 479.9 mAh/g at 0.3 A/g. A stable capacity retention of 85% is achieved after 1000 cycles. SEM and TEM analyses confirms a considerable size reduction of VO2 and CuWO4 constituent in the nanocomposite against their pristine counterparts. This size reduction phenomenon could establish a synergistic effect between VO2 and CuWO4 for a favourable pseudo behaviour combining diffusion and capacitive controlled activities.

Levulinic acid as a strategy for control of postharvest citrus blue mold by a newly isolated Penicillium italicum

AbstractBACKGROUNDLevulinic acid (LA) is a multifunctional compound that is relevant to the economy of bio‐based chemical products. Citrus sinensis, the Valencia variety, is one of the world's most consumed citrus fruit varieties but suffers significant losses due to blue mold infestation. This research evaluated the inhibitory action of unpurified levulinic acid obtained from watermelon residues against the fungus Penicillium italicum, proposing a new use as a fungal inhibitor.RESULTSLA was evaluated in in vitro tests and inhibited the mycelial growth of the fungus. In in vivo experiments with oranges, fungal proliferation in fruits was investigated by applying a crude mixture containing LA (43 mM) and formic acid (FA, 28 mM), comparing with FA alone and negative control (without inhibitory agent). The weight loss and disease incidence results decreased when LA was used as an inhibitory agent, with no negative impacts on fruit quality being observed. Its inhibitory effect was confirmed by determining the activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD), where there was no increase in activities due to inhibition of the fungus before its proliferation in the fruits.CONCLUSIONThis study provides relevant data on the new use of raw LA as an antifungal agent, an effect still unexplored for this compound in recent literature, offering a practical and innovative solution to combat blue mold.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Lecithin's Roles in Oleogelation.

This manuscript analyzes the research considering the exploitation of lecithin in oleogelation. The main objective of the work was to gather, analyze, and extract from the existing research data the information that enables us to identify lecithin-dependent roles. Oleogelation is still under research, while using various oleogelators and structurants provides changes on different physico-chemical levels. Multivariable formulations do not facilitate the elucidation of the specific role of any of them. Lecithin, due to its complex structure, big molecule, and amphiphilic nature, can provide different functionalities in complex matrices like oleogels. Therefore, this review identifies and categorizes the functionality of lecithin in oleogelation into four main roles: 1. oleogelation facilitator; 2. structure-forming impact; 3. texturing agent; and 4. functionality provider. Also, the origin and structure-forming characteristics of lecithin, as well as a short summary of the oleogelation process itself, are presented. Our critical analysis allowed us to identify the roles of lecithin in the oleogelation process and categorized them as follows: oleogelator, emulsifier, structural organization facilitator, structural modifier, crystal characteristics modifier, self-assembly promoter, thermal behavior changer, hydrogen-bonded networks promoter, hydrogel structure modifier, texture and structural modifier, gel-like state promoter, oil capacity enhancer, functionality provider, shelf life extender, and bioavailability and bioaccessibility enhancer. Lecithin came out as an important and multifunctional compound whose applications in oleogelation need to be thoroughly pre-considered. It is crucial to grasp all the possible roles of used compounds to be able to predict the final functionality and characteristics of formed oleogel matrices.