Multifunctional Coatings Research Articles

Thin multifunctional coatings for textiles based on the layer-by-layer application of polyaromatic hybrid nanoparticles

Multifunctional textile coatings were developed using biobased nanoparticles from lignin and fatty acids, achieving significant water repellency, breathability, UV-shielding, and antibacterial properties, while remaining eco-friendly and durable.

Multifunctional textured graphene-based coatings on elastomeric gloves for chemical protection

Nanotechnology offers a variety of new tools for the design of next-generation personal protective equipment (PPE). One example is the use of two-dimensional materials as coatings that enhance the performance...

Flexible transparent and hydrophobic SiNCs/PDMS coatings for anti-counterfeiting applications.

Silicon nanocrystals (SiNCs) have attracted considerable attention in many advanced applications due to silicon's high natural abundance, low toxicity, and impressive optical properties. However, little attention has been paid to fluorescence anti-counterfeiting applications based on lipophilic silicon nanocrystals. Moreover, it is also a challenge to fabricate aging-resistant anti-counterfeiting coatings based on silicon nanocrystals. Herein, this paper presents a demonstration of aging-resistant fluorescent anti-counterfeiting coatings based on red fluorescent silicon nanocrystals. In this work, lipophilic silicon nanocrystals (De-SiNCs) with red fluorescence were prepared first by thermal hydrosilylation between hydrogen-terminated silicon nanocrystals (H-SiNCs) and 1-decene. Subsequently, a new SiNCs/PDMS coating (De-SiNCs/DV) was fabricated by dispersing De-SiNCs into reinforcing PDMS composites with vinyl-capped silicone resin. Interestingly, the De-SiNCs/DV composites exhibit superior transparency (up to 85%) in the visible light range, outstanding fluorescence stabilities with an average lifetime of 20.59 μs under various conditions including acidic/alkaline environments, different organic solvents, high-humidity environments and UV irradiation. Meanwhile, the encapsulation of De-SiNCs is beneficial to enhancing the mechanical properties and thermal stability of De-SiNCs/DV composites. Additionally, the De-SiNCs/DV coating exhibits an excellent anti-counterfeiting effect on cotton fabrics when used as an ink in screen-printing. These findings pave the way for developing innovative flexible multifunctional anti-counterfeiting coatings in the future.

Self-healing, antibiofouling and anticorrosion properties enabled by designing polymers with dynamic covalent bonds and responsive linkages.

Coating metal structures with a protective material is a popular strategy to prevent their deterioration due to corrosion. However, maintaining the barrier properties of coatings after their mechanical damage is challenging. Herein, we prepared multifunctional coatings with self-healing ability to conserve their anticorrosion performance after damage. The coating was formed by blending synthesized redox-responsive copolymers with the ability to release a corrosion inhibitor upon the onset of corrosion with synthesized self-healing polyurethanes containing disulfide bonds. The corrosion rate of steel substrates coated with a blend is approximately 24 times lower than that of steel coated with only self-healing polyurethane. An exceptional healing efficiency, as high as 95%, is obtained after mechanical damage. The antibiofouling property against bacterial and microalgal attachments on coatings is facilitated by the repellent characteristic of fluorinated segments and the biocidal activity of the inhibitor moieties in the copolymer.

Microplasma-induced rapid polymerization of tannic acid for surface modification

Microplasma electrochemistry (MIPEC) method can induce and accelerate the polymerization of tannic acid (TA) and form a polymer coating on various substrates, which is a quick, controllable and green method.

ХИМИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ: ЭКСПЕРТНЫЕ ОЦЕНКИ СОВРЕМЕННОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ И НАПРАВЛЕНИЙ РАЗВИТИЯ

n the previous interrelated article “Chemical technology: key concepts and principles of system study” the problems of chemical technology were considered in the sequence of topics “Analysis of the problem of defining the concept of chemical technology”, "Key principles of studying the history of chemical technology", "Problems and principles of classification of system-forming components of chemical technology". In conclusion, the results of expert assessments of significant areas of chemical technology in the areas of their direct theoretical and practical engineering and technological activities were presented. This second final article contains additional materials of the claimed study. In conclusion, the results of a generalized analysis of the content of both articles systematized by sections: general chemical technology, chemistry and technology of polymers and elastomers, electrochemical technologies, supercritical fluid technology, plasma materials modification technologies, petrochemicals and oil refining, creation of materials for multifunctional coatings, synthesis and application of materials for electronics, interaction of chemical technology and biotechnology, agricultural chemistry and the creation of effective fertilizers, development of resource-saving environmentally friendly technologies. As a result, clarification and enrichment of the conceptual and terminological apparatus of chemical technology was identified possible areas for the development of scientific research and technological developments, obtained materials for the enrichment of chemical and technological education. In general, the presented work highlights current and promising areas of chemical technology in the range of professional activities of one of the leading universities in Russia in the field of chemical technology - Kazan National Research Technological University.

A simple and efficient in situ polymerization of silica xerogel-acrylic thermal insulation coatings

Thermal insulation coatings are an efficient thermal management material that can effectively prevent heat exchange between the building and outside world, realizing building energy efficiency. In this paper, a new thermal insulation coating was innovatively developed by synthesizing silica xerogel within acrylic emulsion via in situ polymerization. Compared to the pure acrylic coating, the thermal insulation coating with 30 % silane concentration forms a promising xerogel structure, resulting in a thermal conductivity of 0.07 W/(m·K), which is 61 % lower than that of pure acrylic coating. And the surface temperature of the thermal insulation coating with 30 % silane concentration was found to be 12.1 °C lower than pure acrylic coating after placing on the hot stage for some time. These findings indicate that silica xerogel network was effectively synthesized in the acrylic emulsion through in situ polymerization and that the thermal insulation coating displays low thermal conductivity and admirable thermal insulation qualities. The xerogel-acrylic composite coating produced by this research offers a novel form of thermal insulation coating, and the in situ polymerization of silica xerogel can also promote the synthesis of multifunctional composite coatings in various aqueous emulsions.

Innovative Developments in Lumbar Interbody Cage Materials and Design: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.

This review comprehensively examines the evolution and current state of interbody cage technology for lumbar interbody fusion (LIF). This review highlights the biomechanical and clinical implications of the transition from traditional static cage designs to advanced expandable variants for spinal surgery. The review begins by exploring the early developments in cage materials, highlighting the roles of titanium and polyetheretherketone in the advancement of LIF techniques. This review also discusses the strengths and limitations of these materials, leading to innovations in surface modifications and the introduction of novel materials, such as tantalum, as alternative materials. Advancements in three-dimensional printing and surface modification technologies form a significant part of this review, emphasizing the role of these technologies in enhancing the biomechanical compatibility and osseointegration of interbody cages. In addition, this review explores the increase in biodegradable and composite materials such as polylactic acid and polycaprolactone, addressing their potential to mitigate long-term implant-related complications. A critical evaluation of static and expandable cages is presented, including their respective clinical and radiological outcomes. While static cages have been a mainstay of LIF, expandable cages are noted for their adaptability to the patient's anatomy, reducing complications such as cage subsidence. However, this review highlights the ongoing debate and the lack of conclusive evidence regarding the superiority of either cage type in terms of clinical outcomes. Finally, this review proposes future directions for cage technology, focusing on the integration of bioactive substances and multifunctional coatings and the development of patient-specific implants. These advancements aim to further enhance the efficacy, safety, and personalized approach of spinal fusion surgeries. Moreover, this review offers a nuanced understanding of the evolving landscape of cage technology in LIF and provides insights into current practices and future possibilities in spinal surgery.

Enhancement of diffusive oxidation resistance and topographical corrosion resistance of hot work tool steels by nickel multifunctional coatings

This research focuses on the positive effects that a metallic coating made with Nickel coating can have on the oxidation and corrosion behaviour of hot work tool steels (HWT). Two different types of hot work tool steels, each with a distinct amount of chromium, were analysed by means of the gravimetric oxidative method and corrosion testing. Using PVD deposition techniques, Nickel coating is deposited onto the steel specimens in order to achieve tailor made properties. Investigations into the diffusive oxidation behaviour of HWT steels are carried out at temperatures of 600, 700, and 800 °C. Before and after going through the oxidation process, the surface morphologies of steel specimens are analysed using SEM and XRD instruments respectively. The initial stages of oxidation are characterized by rapid oxidation; however, as the time spent oxidising the specimens increases, the rate of oxidation slows down. As the temperature rises, the quantity of oxidation that may be tolerated drops. The ability of a specimen to resist oxidation is enhanced when it has a comprehensive uniform nickel coating. It is interesting to note that the oxidation resistance of both type HWT specimens coated by Nickel coating has increased by a factor of two. Intriguingly similar trend with three-fold increase in corrosion resistance of the aforementioned steels is achieved in red sea water when coated with Nickel.

Efficient Photothermal Anti-/Deicing Enabled by 3D Cu2-x S Encapsulated Phase Change Materials Mixed Superhydrophobic Coatings.

Photothermal superhydrophobic surfaces are one of the most promising anti-/deicing materials, yet they are limited by the low energy density and intermittent nature of solar energy. Here, a coupling solution based on microencapsulated phase change materials (MPCMs) that integrates photothermal effect and phase change thermal storage is proposed. Dual-shell octahedral MPCMs with Cu2 O as the first layer and 3D Cu2-x S as the second layer for the first time is designed. By morphology and phase manipulation of the Cu2-x S shell, the local surface plasmonic heating modulation of MPCMs is realized, and the MPCM reveals full-spectrum high absorption with a photothermal conversion efficiency up to 96.1%. The phase change temperature and enthalpy remain in good consistency after 200 cycles. Multifunctional photothermal phase-change superhydrophobic composite coatings are fabricated by combining the hydrolyzed and polycondensation products of octadecyl trichlorosilane and the dual-shell MPCM. The multifunctional coatings exhibit excellent anti-/deicing performance under low temperature and high humidity conditions. This work not only provides a new approach for the design of high-performance MPCMs but also opens up an avenue for the anti-icing application of photothermal phase-change superhydrophobic composite coatings.

Microstructure and ablation behavior of TiAl alloy with in-situ HfSi2-HfO2-SiO2 nanocomposite ceramic coating by LPDS technique

In this study, a HfSi2-HfO2-SiO2 nanocomposite coating is prepared on a TiAl alloy via a one-step liquid plasma-assisted particle deposition and sintering (LPDS) method to enhance its ablation resistance. For comparison, a conventional plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coating is fabricated on the substrate. The phase composition, microstructure, and elemental distribution of the coatings are investigated via scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, the ablative resistance of the coated samples under flame (> 1500 °C) ablation is evaluated using a methyl acetylene polypropylene gas spray gun. The results show that numerous HfSi2 particles are incorporated into the coating with partial oxidation to HfO2 during the LPDS, thus resulting in a larger thickness by approximately eight folds compared with the thickness of the PEO coating. After ablation for 360 s, 15.4 % of the PEO coating peeled off, whereas no exfoliation occurred on the HfSi2-HfO2-SiO2 nanocomposite coating. The nanocomposite coating exhibits the smallest thickness after ablation. The superior high-temperature ablation resistance of the nanocomposite coating is primarily attributed to the presence of an oxygen-consuming HfSi2 phase. Furthermore, the formation of HfO2 during high-temperature ablation effectively anchors the ceramic coating, thereby impeding crack propagation and hindering oxygen diffusion. Hence, LPDS is a prominent strategy for the design and fabrication of multifunctional ceramic coatings that incorporate various functional particles, which can enhance the thermal protection of alloy substrates.

Active/passive protection and anti-UV waterborne epoxy coatings based on low defect functionalized PDA-GO-CeO2 material for excellent corrosion control

In the marine environment, besides external damage and internal defects, ultraviolet (UV) radiation is also a pivotal factor affecting the stable properties of coatings. Improving the anti-UV aging and active protection properties is beneficial to prolong the service life of coatings. Herein, the PDA-GO-CeO2 composite material is obtained through a facile stepwise growth of polydopamine (PDA) and CeO2 on GO nanosheets and further preparing a multifunctional anti-corrosion PDA-GO-CeO2-EP coating. As expected, composite coating displays strong adhesion force (6.9 MPa) and tensile strength (21.1 MPa), profiting from the enhanced crosslinking density and interface structure caused by PDA-GO-CeO2 and resin matrix interaction. Since low defect functionalized PDA-GO-CeO2 constructs the reinforced physical barrier, the anti-corrosion ability of PDA-GO-CeO2-EP coating (109.7 Ω·cm2) is more dependable than those of EP (106.7 Ω·cm2), GO-EP coating (108.8 Ω·cm2) and PDA-GO-EP (109.1 Ω·cm2) coatings after immersing in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for 100 d. Thanks to the synergistic effect of PDA/CeO2, the active protection performance of PDA-GO-CeO2-EP coating is endowed, which is further proved through the in situ scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET). Following the UV aging treatment, PDA-GO-CeO2-EP coating shows minor gloss loss (20.4 %) and better adhesion force (4.3 MPa). Furthermore, the resistance value of PDA-GO-CeO2-EP coating is 7.03 × 106 Ω cm2 after 30 d immersion in saline solution, which is 242 times greater than that of EP coating (2.90 × 104 Ω cm2). This dependable performance of PDA-GO-CeO2-EP coating comes from the reflection, refraction, and absorption of UV rays by nanoscale CeO2 particles. Consequently, this work offers a simple and promising strategy for fabricating multifunctional long-term protection coatings, thus hopefully extending the service life of marine engineering equipment.

Green route to prepare robust and multifunctional superhydrophobic coatings

Superhydrophobic SiO2 was rapidly synthesized from commercial SiO2 (KH550–SiO2) at room temperature by innovatively using ultrasound-assisted ball milling. Characterization results showed that N-octyltriethoxysilane was grafted onto KH550–SiO2 via multiple forces. Superhydrophobic paints were prepared by introducing epoxy resin as a binder. The preparation process is fluorine-free and green. Superhydrophobic paints can easily establish superhydrophobic coating on different substrates through multiple routes, and the prepared coating highlights excellent hydrophobicity, mechanical stability, and durability. Furthermore, the superhydrophobic coating displays superior self-cleaning, antifouling, oil-water separation, and load-increasing properties. We are sure that this work provides a novel green, fast, and scalable route for the synthesis of superhydrophobic nanoparticles. Also, it can promote the engineering applications of superhydrophobic coating.

Antimicrobial approaches for medical implants coating to prevent implants associated infections: Insights to develop durable antimicrobial implants

Advances in implantable technologies results from the rapid improvements in research in the fields of biomedical engineering, biomaterial science, and chemistry. No doubt, implantable technologies have provided greater comfort against several illnesses and diseases; however, pathogens adherence and biofilm formation are still the issues that need to be taken into consideration for further implant modifications. Pathogens colonize implants in a surface-dependent manner, so chances of pathogens' adhesion can be minimized by creating anti-adhesive and antimicrobial surfaces. The ongoing research is focused on the design of appropriate multifunctional coatings with a broad antimicrobial spectrum and high biocompatibility. Antimicrobial peptides in conjugation with polymers, nanoparticles, and other biocompatible agents can be potentially used to develop multifunctional coatings. Antibiotics-based coatings are the ultimate approach; however, optimizing the controlled release of antibiotics will be a breakthrough in this decade. Polymers unveil the extraordinary potential in implant coatings by increasing biocompatibility of coatings, offering the possibility for a triggered release of antimicrobial agents. An in-depth review of effective and biocompatible antimicrobial implant coatings is provided herein. We thoroughly discuss the remarkable antimicrobial agents and their compatibility with the host, including seemingly underexplored stability issues and providing an overlook on different methods of fabrication. The ever-growing materials research field can use this review's highlights to develop multifunctional implant coatings to reduce implant-associated infections.

АНАЛИЗ НАПОЛНИТЕЛЕЙ МНОГОФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ПОКРЫТИЙ АВИАЦИОННОЙ И РАКЕТНО-КОСМИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕХНИКИ (ОБЗОР)

In Aerospace Engineering, the main purpose of multifunctional coatings is thermal protection, protection against ionizing, electromagnetic and radio emission, reflection of laser influence, aimed at influencing the control system, electrical equipment and product devices. The secondary functions of multifunctional coating in rocket technology include increasing the strength and stiffness of individual external parts of the product, as well as protection against corrosion and erosion. During operation, aircraft, in addition to force influences, are continuously exposed to an extensive complex of external physical influences of a heterogeneous type: ionizing and radio emissions, large differences in thermal disturbances, harmful effects of electrodynamic and gravitational fields, geomagnetic and ionospheric factors. Therefore, the creation of an external multifunctional coating for the protection of rocket and space objects, which has a huge range of possibilities for reflection and absorption from external negative factors, is an urgent task in modern aerospace engineering. This paper presents an analysis of multifunctional coatings for rocket and space technology with various types of fillers, namely commonly used metals, rare-earth elements and their oxides, microglass spheres and carbon microstructures. The paper also presents an analysis of the composition of filler compositions of modern aerospace protective coatings for multifunctional purposes, analyzes foreign effective technical solutions for the external protection of aircraft. The results of the study will be useful in the development of new compositions of external protection of aircraft from external negative factors.

Poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐butyl acrylate) copolymer/Ag nanocomposites prepared by latex mixing for multifunctional coatings

AbstractInspired by mussel chemistry, we presented a facile and eco‐friendly method to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using dopamine as a reductant and stabilizer. The synthesized AgNPs as an antibacterial agent and photothermal filler were further introduced to random copolymers of methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate (MMA‐co‐BA) via latex mixing. The morphology and structure of the formed AgNPs were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–Vis spectrum, and x‐ray powder diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the synthesized AgNPs were spherical in the size of 5–30 nm with the characteristic crystalline structure of AgNPs. Mechanical properties of MMA‐co‐BA were significantly enhanced by the introduction of AgNPs. The MMA‐co‐BA/Ag nanocomposite films showed antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. Moreover, the scratches on the MMA‐co‐BA/Ag nanocomposite film can be healed under infrared light irradiation, which indicated that AgNPs enhanced the self‐healing ability of the MMA‐co‐BA. This work offers a viable avenue for developing antibacterial activity and self‐healing multifunctional coatings.Highlights Silver nanoparticles modified by dopamine are introduced to acrylic copolymer. Acrylic copolymer/Ag nanocomposites exhibit antibacterial activity. Acrylic copolymer/Ag nanocomposites have photothermal performance. Acrylic copolymer/Ag nanocomposites have self‐healing ability.

Electrical and Joule Heating Capabilities of Multifunctional Coatings based on Recycled Carbon Fiber from Prepreg Scrap

Electrical and Joule Heating Capabilities of Multifunctional Coatings based on Recycled Carbon Fiber from Prepreg Scrap

Controllable recrystallization of ZnO/ZnAl2O4 based PEO into ZIF-8 as a route for the formation of multifunctional coatings

Nowadays, plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) has become widespread as an effective method for preparation of multifunctional coatings. However, the PEO coatings have numerous pores. On the one hand, their presence restricts their broad application; on the other hand, they represent an excellent platform for post-sealing allowing creating coatings with peculiar properties. In the current work, the possibility of controllable recrystallization of ZnO/ZnAl2O4 based PEO preformed on Zn Z1 alloy into ZIF-8@PEO composite coating was demonstrated for the first time. It was found that the corrosion protection, photocatalytic and photoluminescence properties of the final coatings can be modified by varying the conditions of the post-modification process, which include the amount of the organic linker (2-methylimidazole) and treatment time. This study opens an innovative approach for the formation of multifunctional coatings.

Transparent and anti-smudge ladder-like polysilsesquioxane coating with high wear resistance and UV aging resistance

With the rapid development of multi-function touch panels, more requirements are raised for touch screens including anti-smudge, anti-fingerprint, and high wear resistance, hardness, and UV resistance. Herein, ladder-like poly(2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxy-co-1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilsesquioxane)s (LPEFSQs) were synthesized by the sol-gel reaction of 2-(3,4-Epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane (ECTMS) with 1H,1H,2H,2H-Perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PFDTES) to reduce the surface energy of the coating. The incorporation of fluorine chains resulted in an improvement of water contact angle from 77.1° to 115.5°, and oil contact angle from 35.4° to 94.7°, respectively. The omniphobic property rendered the coating excellent anti-smudge and anti-fingerprint properties while maintaining an extraordinary visible light transparency of 90.1 %. A proper PFDTES fraction of 5 % and the curing agent of I-250 are desired for the coating to simultaneously realize excellent pencil hardness of 6H, anti-smudge, and wear resistance performance. The optimized LPEFSQ coating could withstand a steel wool abrasion for 500 cycles. In addition, the developed LPEFSQ coating maintained excellent omniphobicity when subjected to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation for 200 h demonstrating excellent UV resistance. Therefore, this work provides insights into the synthesis of multifunctional coatings integrated with high transparency, wear resistance, and hardness as well as anti-smudge, and anti-fingerprint properties for touch screens.

Ti3C2Tx MXene modified polyethylene fibers for enhancing interface properties of strain-hardening cementitious composites

MXene is a new two-dimensional transition metal carbide/nitride with remarkable hydrophilicity, which has been widely applied in multifunctional coatings. In this study, Ti3C2Tx MXene was synthesized by LiF/HCl solution etching of Ti3AlC2 and used to modify the surface of polyethylene (PE) fiber, enhancing the interfacial properties between fiber and matrix and further improving the tensile properties of strain hardening cementitious composites (SHCC). The tensile stress and strain of SHCC incorporating the MXene-coated PE (MXene@PE) fiber increased by 18.73 % and 93.60 %, respectively, accompanied by reduced crack width and crack spacing. Single fiber pullout results showed that the frictional bond strength increased by 71.35 % due to the strong chemical bond between fiber and matrix. The microstructure of MXene@PE fiber and bonding properties were characterized by SEM/EDS, FTIR, and XPS. The MXene was proved to have a dual effect of bonding to PE fiber and to C–S–H via covalent and hydrogen bonds.