Multifunctional Areas Research Articles

On the key points of the construction of characteristic service area

Service area is an important part of expressway. The construction of characteristic thematic service area is of great significance for improving highway service facilities and ensuring highway traffic safety. Through the study of location, facility layout, landscape design and architectural design of the characteristic service area, this paper analyzes the key points of the construction of the characteristic service area, which is helpful for the design and construction of the open and multi-functional service area. On the basis of meeting the functional requirements of the service area, it is necessary to adapt measures to local conditions, create the service area landscape with distinct personality and outstanding characteristics, and show the regional culture.

A method to evaluate building energy consumption based on energy use index of different functional sectors

Appropriate management of energy consumption provides great support for the sustainable development of buildings and even the whole cities. Nowadays, comprehensive energy consumption monitoring index is widely used in many practical projects to make horizontal comparisons among buildings. However, problems may occur when this method is applied in comprehensive buildings. This paper proposed a method to evaluate the overall energy consumption of buildings based on the energy index obtained from different functional sectors. A linear regression model was developed to predict energy consumption index in multifunctional areas. The model was based on online monitoring data from 30 single functional buildings and 20 multifunctional buildings. The sub-item energy consumption intensity difference between pure hotel buildings and hotel sector in comprehensive buildings was within 4.2%. The deviation of sub-item energy consumption intensity was less than 12% between pure shopping malls and shopping mall sector in comprehensive buildings. As for the pure office buildings and office sector in comprehensive buildings, except for heat pumps and chilled water pumps, the deviations of energy intensity of other sub-items ranged from 3.9% to 16.7%. The results from on-site experiments show that the sub-item energy consumption index obtained from multifunctional buildings had lower error than that of single functional buildings. Therefore, the sub-item energy consumption index can also be used to evaluate energy consumption in pure functional buildings. The model proposed in this paper provides a good reference for the prediction of energy consumption index in large public buildings.

INNOVATIVE APPROACHES AND INNOVATIONS IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN BULGARIA

The LEADER approach has an important role for strengthening and the development of local communities and for stimulating innovations and innovative practices in rural areas. The aim of this paper is to analyze and evaluate the LEADER approach as an innovative approach and on this basis to prepare general conclusions about the innovative development of rural areas in Bulgaria. The local active group (LAG) is interpreted as an innovative "coordinating" activity and it is the core of the innovation system that solves conflicts, and creates and implements local strategies for rural development. The LEADER and the Community – led local development approaches introduce innovative practices for Bulgarian conditions in order to improve local governance and facilitate innovations. The main contributions of the LEADER and the Community approaches are related to: the establishment of local active groups in different network structures of partnership; activating stakeholders, broadcasting leaders and improving coordination between them; establishing local expertise and administrative capacities; support for business organizations, local authorities and the non-governmental sector in the development and management of innovative projects. The factors that influence the success of the LEADER approach and its importance for rural development in each country differ in their administrative, socio-economic, historical and cultural contexts. Bulgarian LAGs continue to implement the Community – led local development approach (CLLDA) in the process of adapting to the specific conditions of rural areas.
 The results are part of scientific project DN 15/8 2017 Sustainable multifunctional rural areas: reconsidering agricultural models and systems with increased demands and limited resources funded by the Bulgarian research fund.

Hotspot identification and interaction analyses of the provisioning of multiple ecosystem services: Case study of Shaanxi Province, China

Abstract The hotspot identification and interaction analyses of the provisioning of multiple ecosystem services (ESs) are basic prerequisites for sustainable ecosystem management. ESs and their interrelationships are determined by ecological processes over time and space. The high-value ES areas is crucial for regional land use management. However, most of hotspots identification are limited to a single point in time and/or in space. Here we proposed a framework for identifying a long-term stable supply area for multiple ESs, namely, an ES multifunctional area (ESMA) to recognize the region that can stably provide high-value ESs. Using Shaanxi Province as an example, four ESs, i.e., net primary productivity (NPP), soil conservation (SC), water yield (WY), and habitat quality (HQ), were quantified from 2000 to 2015 at a pixel scale of 1 km. Then, we identified ESMA in Shaanxi and explored the trade-offs and synergies among ESs within and outside ESMA. Results of the study provided the following conclusions: (1) With the exception of WY, ESs exhibit apparent spatial differentiation in areas bounded by the Qinling Mountains due to terrain and climate differences between the north and south of these mountains. (2) The ES supply areas of NPP accounted for 41.47% of the total area of Shaanxi Province. This finding indicates the NPP provision was relatively stable. (3) The ESMA of Shaanxi Province is largely situated in southern Shaanxi. The primary land use types of ESMA are forest and grassland, and the areas that provide NPP, HQ, and SC services are the largest among all service combinations. (4) The trade-offs and synergies of ESs are more stable in ESMA than those in non-ESMA. This study proposes to provide a long-term provision of multiple stable high-value ESs to a priority protected area, thereby offering support and services for the development of ecosystem differential spatial protection policies.

Enhancement of electrical and magnetodielectric properties of BiFeO3 incorporated PVDF flexible nanocomposite films

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) (BFO) flexible nanocomposite films by varying the concentration of BFO nanoparticles are successfully synthesized by in situ sol-gel process. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirmed the phase purity of BFO nanoparticles and different crystalline phases of PVDF in PVDF-BFO nanocomposites. The average particle size of BFO nanoparticles is estimated as 34 nm from the fitting of the log-normal distribution function with particle distribution pattern obtained from the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image analysis. The frequency dependence of ac conductivity confirmed the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) conduction mechanism follows by charge carriers in nanocomposites. The higher value of dielectric permittivity is observed in nanocomposite due to the increase of dipole-dipole interaction at the interface of PVDF and BFO by increasing the BFO concentration. The room temperature M-H and P-E hysteresis loop confirmed the nanocomposites exhibit both magnetic and ferroelectric ordering at the room temperature. The energy storage density of the nanocomposites is increasing with the concentration of BFO nanoparticles. Variation of room temperature magnetodielectric coupling confirmed the multiferroic nature exist in PVDF-BFO nanocomposites, which can be more useful in flexible electronics, energy storage or spintronics devices in multifunctional area.

Bangkok’s Green Infrastructure

Infrastructure is the basic foundation of all civilized urban settlements around the world, reflected in each city’s lifestyle and quality of life. Infrastructure is organized around utilities and facilities that connect every part of the city together. Typical infrastructure includes roads, water supply, sewers, power, telecommunications, etc. A city’s urban infrastructure system is much more complex in terms of the many levels of developments underneath the ground, on the ground, and up in the air to facilitate transportation and communication. Multi-functional areas serve people’s needs at the same time. Green infrastructure is an interconnected green space network that is planned and managed for its natural resource values and is related to urban ecology. Bangkok has green infrastructure that we need to protect in the long term. With the growth of a fast expanding city like Bangkok, we seem to have forgotten our cultural and historic way of living in a city once well-known as the “Venice of the East”. Nowadays, our canals have been replaced by roads and boats have been replaced by cars. The city has been developing so fast, without any planning on the use of green infrastructure. Bangkok’s green infrastructure could be an integrated network of green spaces for our sustainable future.

Dielectric relaxation and microwave absorption properties of aurivillius-type multiferroic ceramics

Aurivillius-type multiferroic oxides are increasingly being studied for potential application in multifunctional areas because of their feasible platforms incubating photonic, electric, magnetic, etc. properties. Here, we report the original observations of the dielectric relaxation, electromagnetic properties and high-performance microwave absorption of the single-phase Aurivillius-type ceramics. Two thermally activated relaxation processes were determined by the frequency-dependent behaviour of the dielectric loss peak at low and high temperatures. The complex permittivity and permeability were measured at frequencies 2–18 GHz and the microwave attenuation performances were calculated from the experimentally determined electromagnetic parameters. Significantly, the damped dielectric and magnetic resonances were clearly observed at 12–14 GHz and the excellent microwave absorption properties were presented for the first time and are sensitive to the sample thickness. The minimum reflection loss (RL) surpasses − 30 dB at different thicknesses. Especially, the minimum RL reaches − 70.1 dB at 13.2 GHz and the absorption bandwidth (RL≤ −20 dB) is close to 12 GHz (5.7–17.7 GHz). This work opens up a new pathway to develop Aurivillius-type multiferroic oxides in electromagnetic wave attenuation materials.

Formation of system frameworks of energy controlling

The object of research is the controlling concept and its application in the energy sector of the enterprise. Controlling concept opens wide perspectives and provides economic instruments to raise effectiveness and to reach goals of enterprise. The main challenge by implementation of controlling concept in energy sphere is lack of understanding of all opportunities that controlling concept gives as well as needs of its integration on all levels of decisions making. As far as the controlling is illustrious by its system approach, the system frameworks of energy controlling cover multifunctional areas and managerial systems of enterprise.The operational cycle of energy controlling is described. This cycle includes the main stages of management of energy consumption in the enterprise.The system frameworks of energy controlling are formed. Being a part of the general controlling mechanism, energy controlling integrates into the control and analytical work of the enterprise for achievement of energy goals. By its conceptual basement, it provides:– transparency of processes and results in energy sector;– timely information and analytical support for both operational and strategic decisions related to energy activity and development;– optimization of allocation of companies internal resources for enhancement of energy efficiency and energy saving;– coordination of energy goals and objectives at all levels of management, as well as a systematic, integrated solution of energy problems.

PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN RURAL AREAS – STUDIES CONCLUSIONS

The paper assumed that public transport is more often financed in the multifunctional rural areas than in typical agricultural communities. The authors have tried to explain whether public transport in urban areas is regressive or the number of communities financing this service is increasing. Own studies show that number of rural communities financing public transport has increased between 2001 and 2016. In spite of all, there are large spatial differentiations across the country. Comparatively high percentage of inhabitants of typical agricultural areas do not have possibility to use public transport. Need to organize this service was pointed relatively often in those communities.

Assessing user preferences on post-industrial redevelopment

There is a growing interest in post-industrial landscape redevelopment and public participation in urban planning process. This study examined the public preference on post-industrial land transformation projects. A semi-qualitative methodology was used throughout the application of a questionnaire and interviews. Data on public perception of post-industrial landscape that incorporates significant environmental, cultural and historic assets were collected from 450 residents. Results illustrate that community attitudes to brownfield regeneration projects are positive. Urban growth should consider the redevelopment of derelict and/or abandoned areas instead of consuming new green areas. The results illustrated that, according to public perception, the most important aspect in the redevelopment of the study area is the creation of multifunctional areas, and that this aspect is statistically related with touristic activities, mobility and accessibility, use of renewable energies, environmental education, economic redevelopment, and safety/security. The researchers suggest that coupling the information gathered throughout the public preference process with the intrinsic characteristics of each landscape is helpful in understanding community expectations in order to inform urban regeneration projects that consider the economic, environmental and cultural functions of sites.

Effectiveness of conservation areas for protecting biodiversity and ecosystem services: a multi-criteria approach

ABSTRACTIn land planning strategies, methods to quantify ecosystem services (ESs) are now used to complement biodiversity assessments. Tension arises when areas important for biodiversity do not spatially co-occur with important areas for ESs. We investigate the effectiveness of protected areas in simultaneously protecting biodiversity and ESs in central Colombia and identify complementary areas. We map, integrate using a multi-criteria technique and correlate five indicators (sensitive species, ecological systems, habitat quality, scenic beauty and water provision). Reflecting the uncertainty in criteria weights, multiple maps were created and overlain with current protected areas to investigate their effectiveness. A consensus and an uncertainty map were calculated to identify multifunctional areas (high value for biodiversity and high provision of ESs and low uncertainty). Protected areas show low to intermediate levels of effectiveness (3–56% percentage overlap with simulated areas), with water provision being the service least effectively protected. Indicators do not show high levels of correlation (all p < 0.57). Sensitive species are negatively correlated with all other indicators. High representativeness levels were found around the city of Bogotá; still, extensive multifunctional areas are not contemplated under any protection status. We advocate the use of our approach to identify multi-purpose areas that are robust to divergent stakeholder opinions.EDITED BY Berta Martin-Lopez

Scalability in Participatory Planning: A comparison of online PPGIS methods with faceto- face meetings

GIScience 2016 Short Paper Proceedings Scalability in Participatory Planning: A comparison of online PPGIS methods with face-to-face meetings Piotr Jankowski 1,2 , Michal Czepkiewicz 2 , Marek Mlodkowski 2 Michal Wojcicki 2 Zbigniew Zwolinski 2 San Diego State University, Department of Geography San Diego, CA 92182-4493 Email: pjankows@mail.sdsu.edu Institute of Geoecology and Geoinformation Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poznan, Poland 1. Introduction A traditional approach to participatory planning involves face-to-face engagement of interested public in the tradition of town-hall meetings. A limitation of this approach has been its inability to scale public participation out to involve more people and up to involve participants from a wider geographical area (Nyerges and Aguirre 2011, Innes and Booher 2004). Although online Public Participation GIS (PPGIS) methods are not a panacea for scaling public participation, they offer a potential for collecting views and preferences of some residents who typically do not participate in open planning processes. The questions of who participates and whose views are represented have been at the heart of theorizing about PPGIS (Schlossberg and Shufford 2005, Sieber 2006), and were highlighted as core research questions in a recent review (Brown and Kytta, 2014). This paper contributes to the literature by comparing online PPGIS and face-to-face methods in two aspects of scalability: number of participants (scaling out) and spatial extent (scaling up). Additionally, the demographic representation across the methods is also assessed. The evaluation is based on an empirical study involving four participatory planning processes, which took place between May 2014 and July 2015 in the City of Poznan (pop. 554 thousand), Poland. The processes were focused on local land use plan for a centrally located, multi-functional area in the City of Poznan, including a park, recreational facilities, allotment gardens, single- and multi- family housing, and a public school. Two of the four processes were traditional town-hall meetings (May 2014 and June 2015) whereas the other two (October 2014 and July 2015) employed online PPGIS applications. The dichotomy between the two modes of participatory planning (same-place/same-time and distributed) affords a unique opportunity to compare demographic and spatial scalability of face-to-face meetings with online PPGIS methods. 2. Methods Both of traditional, town-hall style meetings were organized by the municipal planning office in Poznan. The purpose of the first meeting (May 2014) was to familiarize participants with the planning procedure and to facilitate a discussion, during which participants had an opportunity to voice their concerns, opinions, and expectations regarding the planning process. During the

The Development of Urban Areas and Spaces with the Mixed Functional Use

The article examines the principle of a mixed-use urban areas. It analyzes the historical development of multifunctional areas and considers the historical development of multifunctional areas. The article gives the definition of mixed use areas and reviews the main studies relating to mixed use areas, and creation of a comfortable urban environment. It discusses the principle of the compact urban environment. The enumerated effects occur when the compactness of the urban environment is reached. It raises the issue of the principle of a mixed-use urban development in the modern Russian practice and the possibility of applying this principle for the development of a new master plan of Kazan. It also consider new areas of a mixed land use designed for the city of Kazan.

Artificial neural network for multifunctional areas.

The issues related to the appropriate planning of the territory are particularly pronounced in highly inhabited areas (urban areas), where in addition to protecting the environment, it is important to consider an anthropogenic (urban) development placed in the context of sustainable growth. This work aims at mathematically simulating the changes in the land use, by implementing an artificial neural network (ANN) model. More specifically, it will analyze how the increase of urban areas will develop and whether this development would impact on areas with particular socioeconomic and environmental value, defined as multifunctional areas. The simulation is applied to the Chianti Area, located in the province of Florence, in Italy. Chianti is an area with a unique landscape, and its territorial planning requires a careful examination of the territory in which it is inserted.

On the use of space at La Peña de Estebanvela (Ayllón, Segovia, Spain): An approach to economic and social behaviour in the Upper Magdalenian

The use of space inside La Peña de Estebanvela Rock-shelter and the activities carried out away from the site are analysed in this article in order to reconstruct the economic and social behaviour of the human group that occupied the site in the Upper Magdalenian (15,010–14,610 cal BP and 14,290–13,730 cal BP). Level III, which is geologically homogeneous and has yielded a large lithic and faunal record was selected for this purpose. The micro-spatial analysis of the level has differentiated two significant units in the central sector of the deposit which may correspond to an area used for intensive flint knapping (Unit 2), and a multi-functional area where hunting weapons were prepared, prey was butchered and defleshed, and hides were processed (Unit 3). The study of the use of the territory around the site reveals a strategy of diversified hunting, especially between late spring and early autumn, oriented towards ibex, horse, red deer and, to a lesser extent, chamois, roe deer and lynxes. This activity was complemented by the use of other resources, like fishing and gathering plants. Stocks of flint and personal ornaments made from marine molluscs confirm the territorial mobility of the residents of La Peña de Estebanvela.

LARANGAN BAGI PEREMPUAN HAID MELAKUKAN AKTIFITAS DI MESJID DAN MEMBACA AL-QUR’AN: Kajian Hadis Tematik

Mosque is a holy place that is used for performing worship and religious activities. The activities that are performed at the mosque contain rich positive value besides religious value and blessing. Today, mosque is not only a place for worship but also as a multifunctional area such as a place for preaching, a place for teaching and learning for moslem generation. However, this place benefit could not be obtained by every moslem, for example menstruating women. There are some verses in Islamic teach that bans for menstruating women to have activities at the mosque that implicitly says that these women are not able to do any activities at the mosque. On the other hand, there are also verses that allow women to do so. These verses also say about prohibition of reciting Qur’an for menstruating women

Zmiany struktury funkcjonalnej gmin wiejskich w północnej części Polski (analiza porównawcza lat 1988 i 2012)

The issue of transformation in the functional structure of rural areas in Poland has been the subject of numerous studies covering both the research concerning entire country as well as selected regions. This article is an attempt to show the functional changes of rural municipalities in northern Poland, which took place in the period between 1988 and 2012. The analysis covered rural municipalities of the Warminsko-mazurskie, Pomorskie, Kujawsko-Pomorskie and Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeships. The condition of functional development of rural areas of northern Poland in 1988 was presented basing on the functional and spatial classification applied by W. Stola. In order to analyze the functional and spatial changes in the rural areas of northern Poland in 2012, data from the Central Statistical Office was used. Classification of functional areas on a municipal scale was implemented incorporating a set of diagnostic features classifying a given municipality to one of the 5 functional types referring to the classification of 1988. Results of the analysis prove that spatial and functional structure of rural areas in northern Poland is becoming more differentiated. Rural areas are increasingly evolving into multifunctional areas – in which apart from the agricultural function - non-agricultural activities are developing. However, it is very important that the multifunctional development would contribute to improving living conditions of rural population, at the same time providing protection of natural and cultural landscape.

Climate change adaptation: use and value of a climate buffer area

Most climate researchers agree that the changing world climate may irrevocably threaten life on our planet. It is no coincidence that water is involved in climate change, because the earth surface and atmosphere largely consist of water in different physical states and dimensions. Climate change becomes visible in less predictable and more severe weather conditions, like excessive rainfall and wind. These show up with a higher frequency and intensity, even in areas that never before experienced them. Seasonal patterns may fade or deepen and become more irregular. More sustainable human behaviour may on paper reduce the pace of or even reverse climate change. Widespread lack of such behaviour by a growing world population consciously replicating western-style consumerism makes it unlikely that real progress occurs in the foreseeable future. Comparable to an area like transport, only technical solutions may help to relieve the pressure. Water management has been used to allow humans to live safely on land for thousands of years. Many of the current water management systems are not up to the task anymore. Flooding of villages and cities is a growing global problem. Replacing out-dated systems is time consuming and very expensive, while political will seems hard to mobilize. But, if frequency and intensity of precipitation will stay at a higher level in future, cautious action is needed to prevent disasters. This paper will discuss a Dutch plan for a multifunctional area that would allow management of excessive water volumes. Adding a water retention area leads to higher investment costs, but benefits like enhanced protection may outweigh these higher costs. Given the unknown future risk and cost of flooding, damage costs may be much higher than assumed. From a no-regret perspective, it is wise to carry out projects, which currently have a (slightly) negative benefit-cost ratio. Keywords buffering, climate change, economic valuation, rainfall Language: en

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in soil and outdoor dust from a multi-functional area of Shanghai: Levels, compositional profiles and interrelationships

In this study, 14 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) congeners were investigated in soil and outdoor dust taken from Jiading District, Shanghai City. The concentrations of Σ13PBDEs (BDE-17, BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-66, BDE-71, BDE-85, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-138, BDE-153, BDE-154, BDE-183 and BDE-190) and BDE-209 ranged from 0.37 to 32.9ngg−1 and 4.31 to 141.8ngg−1 dry weight (dw) in soil. Concentrations in outdoor dust ranged from 1.03 to 112.5ngg−1 and 6.71 to 342.1ngg−1 (dw) for Σ13PBDEs and BDE-209. BDE-209 was the predominant congener both in soil and outdoor dust, but the BDE-209 contribution was much lower in dust compared with that in soil. A significant correlation between PBDEs congeners and specific land use type was observed, and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the major source of PBDE in samples was associated with prevalent use of technical Deca-BDE, which also suggested the contributions from Penta-BDE and Octa-BDE mixtures. Canonical correlation analysis suggested the two sets of PBDEs data (soil and outdoor dust) were uncorrelated, and Spearman correlation coefficient matrix implied that the degradation pathways of PBDEs were different between soil and outdoor dust.

Park Management, Tourism and Indigenous People

Despite decades of international efforts towards involving indigenous and traditional peoples in protected area management, there are few successful examples [1]. This seems to be even clearer in multifunctional protected areas, where in some cases the social and cultural dimension of sustainable development can be even more valued than the economic or the environmental dimensions. Therefore, the paradigm that conceived protected areas essentially as instruments for environmental conservation is being somehow replaced, at least in Europe, by the idea that protected areas are primarily instruments for the integration of environmental conservation with regional and local (economic) development [2]. An evolution of this type has also occurred with Australia’s parks.