Multifunction Displays Research Articles

Janus Swarm Metamaterials for Information Display, Memory, and Encryption.

Metamaterials are emerging as an unconventional platform to perform computing abstractions in physical systems by processing environmental stimuli into information. While computation functions have been demonstrated in mechanical systems, they rely on compliant mechanisms to achieve predefined states, which impose inherent design restrictions that limit their miniaturization, deployment, reconfigurability, and functionality. Here, a metamaterial system is described based on responsive magnetoactive Janus particle (MAJP) swarms with multiple programmable functions. MAJPs are designed with tunable structure and properties in mind, that is, encoded swarming behavior and fully reversible switching mechanisms, to enable programmable dynamic display, non-volatile and semi-volatile memory, Boolean logic, and information encryption functions in soft, wearable devices. MAJPs and their unique swarming behavior open new functions for the design of multifunctional and reconfigurable display devices, and constitute a promising building block to develop the next generation of soft physical computing devices, with growing applications in security, defense, anti-counterfeiting, camouflage, soft robotics, and human-robot interaction.

Development of Interactive Framework for Aviation Part Task Trainer (APTT) for Supersonic Fighter Aircraft

In commercial, military and general aviation, safe and effective training is the important requirement, which is achieved through an Aircraft Part Task Training device (APTT). When compared with the live training, the most significant benefits of ground training is improved safety and the reduced cost of a pilot training process. Flight simulation is a multidisciplinary subject that relies on several research disciplines which have a tendency to be investigated separately and in parallel with each other. This manuscript presents a comprehensive overview of the research work done within the APTT. The development of interactive framework for Aviation part task trainer is discussed in detail. The interactive graphics display is interfaced with different pilot controls such as throttle, pedal and control stick . The acquired data is processed and displayed on multifunctional display, giving the feel of flying in the aircraft. Thus the pilot can be trained on ground reducing the risk. Graphic symbols are prepared using OpenGL software. LAN connection is established using socket program in C and MATLAB aerospace toolbox is used for taking the input through joystick.

Phonon-mediated infrared plasmonic metamaterial emitters towards high-capacity multifunctional encoding and display

This study introduces what we believe is a novel approach to manipulating light in the mid-infrared spectrum through phonon-mediated metal-insulator-metal (MIM) cavities. Leveraging the unique interactions between resonantly excited electric and magnetic dipoles and phonons within silicon dioxide spacers, we have developed a technology different from traditional methods that rely on geometric modifications of nanostructures, offering a more versatile and effective means of tailoring light-matter interactions at the nanoscale. Our experimental results showcase the ability of these MIM cavities to perform multifunctional information encoding, display, and concealment with high precision. Notably, we encoded 13 distinct gray levels, surpassing previous capabilities in the long-wave infrared spectrum using metamaterial emitters. Furthermore, the incorporation of rotating nanorod structures enabled the encoding of grayscale patterns through polarization states, enhancing the potential for high-capacity information storage. The study also demonstrates the capability of these structures for subwavelength-resolution printing and near-diffraction-limit information encoding in the long-wave infrared band. We have successfully employed an innovative ink coating method, transparent in the long-wave infrared but opaque in the visible spectrum, to conceal encoded information, thereby adding a layer of security. In summary, the phonon-mediated infrared plasmonic metamaterial emitters presented in this work pave the way for future research in high-capacity information storage, anti-counterfeiting, and security technologies.

A multifunctional display based on photo-responsive perovskite light-emitting diodes

Current display screens are typically only used for information display, but can have a range of different sensors integrated into them for functions such as touch control, ambient light sensing and fingerprint sensing. Photo-responsive light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which can display information and respond to light excitation, could be used to develop future ultra-thin and large screen-to-body ratio screens. However, photo-response is difficult to achieve with conventional display technologies. Here, we report a multifunctional display that uses photo-responsive metal halide perovskite LEDs as pixels. The perovskite LED display can be simultaneously used as a touch screen, ambient light sensor and image sensor (including for fingerprint drawing) without integrating any additional sensors. The light-to-electricity conversion efficiency of the pixels also allow the display to act as a photovoltaic device that can charge the equipment.

Preparation and Application of Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystal Film with Step-Driven Display Capability.

The realization of multifunctional advanced displays with better electro-optical properties is especially crucial at present. However, conventional integral full drive-based transparent display is increasingly failing to meet the demands of the day. Herein, partitioned polymerization as a novel preparation method was introduced innovatively into polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLC) for realizing a step-driven display in agreement with fluorescent dye to solve the above drawback. At first, the utilization of fluorescent dye to endow the PDLC film with fluorescent properties resulted in a reduction in the saturation voltage of the PDLC from 39.7 V to 25.5 V and an increase in the contrast ratio from 58.4 to 96.6. Meanwhile, the experimental observations and theoretical considerations have elucidated that variation in microscopic pore size can significantly influence the electro-optical behavior of PDLC. Then, the step-driven PDLC film was fabricated through the exposure of different regions of the LC cell to different UV-light intensities, resulting in stepwise voltage-transmittance (V-T) responses of the PDLC film for the corresponding regions. Consequently, under appropriate driving voltages, the PDLC can realize three different states of total scattering, semi-transparent and total transparent, respectively. In addition, the PDLC film also embodied an outstanding anti-aging property and UV-shielding performance, which makes it fascinating for multifunctional advanced display applications.

Design and Development of loT-Smart Mirror Information Display System for Organizational Efficiency

In the realm of the Internet of Things (IoT), a smart mirror is akin to a regular mirror possessed with intelligence, incorporating technology to provide useful information. The need for an integrated multi-functional information display, efficiently consolidating global information, optimizing electricity consumption, and monitoring fire hazards, has become crucial for increasing awareness among organizational staff and visitors. However, many organizations still rely on traditional information displays, leaving them vulnerable to issues such as electricity wastage and hazard oversight. To tackle these issues, we developed a smart mirror enhanced with voice recognition to quickly retrieve global information, simultaneously reducing electricity costs and enabling early detection of fire hazards. This paper details the design and development of smart mirror, following a systematic approach based on the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) methodology. As a result, evaluations of user acceptance measured through the System Usability Scale (SUS) tool, confirms the operational efficiency and positive reception of the system. This paper significantly contributes to advancing smart mirror research, providing a valuable resource for developers, researchers, and practitioners constructing their iterations and offering inspiration for future enhancements.

The use of the interactive DA-42T aircraft cockpit mockup in the process-oriented training

When conducting training sessions at an aviation university, it is advisable to demonstrate samples of aeronautical equipment, individual elements of systems and accessories, or use specialized stands and posters. However, when studying modern types of training aircraft, the cockpits of which contain multifunction displays, complications arise when absorbing training resources. When studying multi-function display cockpits, it is necessary to use interactive training devices in which displays must operate under power and possess the required capabilities. Training on hardware is impracticable in some cases, and unadvisable in others. The use of the integrated simulator for training in various disciplines is limited as the simulator is primarily designed to impart primary aircraft control skills rather than for classroom training. The article deals with the issue of upgrading pilot-trainees training skills during the familiarization with the cockpit equipment using an interactive DA-42T aircraft cockpit mockup with all the controls and indications (except for the control stick and pedals), including two primary multi-function displays and one backup, during the process-oriented training of the university. The operation of multi-function indicators is implemented in the form of special devices with a display and a push-button frame connected to a specially developed program on a PC that simulates the aircraft data system operation. For this purpose, to be based on information from the Aircraft Flight Manual, the information frames, shown on multi-function displays in the DA-42T aircraft, are reproduced. The content of the developed frames duplicates completely the DA-42T aircraft indication, contributing to improving academic study and acquiring practical skills to work on the integrated simulator as well as in a real aircraft. The physical cockpit mockup controls also correspond, in terms of the appearance and location, to the controls in the real DA-42T aircraft cockpit. The procedure to develop simulators of multi-function displays and the DA-42T aircraft cockpit mockup is described. The capabilities to use simulators of multi-function displays and the DA-42T cockpit mockup in the process-oriented training to upgrade skills are described. The conducted research results are described; the advantages of using the interactive cockpit mockup in the process-oriented training are presented.

Kirigami‐Inspired Planar Deformable Metamaterials for Multiple Dynamic Electromagnetic Manipulations

AbstractThe Kirigami technique has recently inspired the design of reconfigurable electromagnetic metamaterials that can be easily realized by embedding a patterned cutting array into a supportive substrate. However, these existing designs mainly focus on the 2D‐to‐3D transformable morphology that induces the modulation of the spectral responses. This work proposes a kirigami‐based planar reconfiguration mechanism and extends advanced applications in the dynamic near‐field imaging and tunable double‐foci metalens. These extraordinary tunabilities originate from three meta‐atoms that can be mutually transformed into the morphologies with non‐chirality and opposite chirality under the tensile strain. By utilizing the transmittance characteristics of reconfigurable meta‐atoms, the metamaterial is constructed to achieve three‐foldable near‐field displays and a longitudinal double‐foci metalens empowered with tunable focusing length and intensity ratio. Two anisotropic chiral meta‐atoms in deformed states that possess overwhelming transmittance difference of circularly cross‐polarized components to magnify the focusing intensity ratio of two foci for the proposed metalens are further proposed. The exhibited observations provide typical examples of a wide spectrum of applications of the kirigami‐based reconfiguration mechanism, and it may pave the avenue to spark manifold functional devices for applicable electromagnetic manipulations such as multifunctional hologram display, dynamic beam shaping, and steering, as well as the conformal design of meta‐devices.

Virtual Training Applications in Aviation BITE Test Application

In this study, the objective is to scientifically examine the usability of multi-user virtual environments as an alternative solution to traditional methods in order to enhance the effectiveness and create widespread opportunities for training applications in aviation, which are difficult and risky to implement on actual aircraft. For this purpose, a virtual environment application was developed, specifically focusing on the examination of Built-In Test Equipment (BITE) test procedures conducted by maintenance personnel during aircraft maintenance. The application included the design of a Multi-Function Control and Display Unit (MCDU) in the virtual environment. The benefits and limitations of the virtual environment application were discussed, highlighting how the challenging and risky working conditions can be efficiently transformed into practical training scenarios in various contexts, promoting the development and reinforcement of skills for personnel. Despite the extensive use of multi-user virtual environments in various fields, it is evident that there is scarce research conducted in the aviation maintenance and repair sector. This study serves as a significant initiative to draw attention to the potential usability of multi-user virtual environments for educational purposes in the aviation maintenance and repair sector.

Study on the practical method implementation of the navigation equations in a simulated FMS

This paper presents the main objective of Air Traffic Management Systems – ATMS that is to achieve optimized performance in terms of aviation safety and the enhancement of the current air transport system, through the in-depth study of the complex integration of all advanced technologies regarding air traffic monitoring, aeronautical communications on-board computers, display and control systems within the extended framework of Air Traffic Services - ATS. The Flight Management System - FMS is indispensable for flight planning, air navigation, flight performance management, aircraft guidance on the flight path and continuous monitoring of the progress during flight. The FMS is the device used by the flight crew to select various modes of flight control via the flight control computer - FCM and to display flight plans and other flight data via the Multi-Functional Control Display Unit - MCDU. The flight path is monitored by the MCDU and the Electronic Instrument System – EIS. The in-depth study of Air Transport Efficiency when applying air traffic service operational analysis and trajectory determination methods to identify key areas of Air Traffic Management inefficiencies and to prioritize and implement appropriate optimization methods are presented and analyzed in detail in this paper.

Development of Multi-Functional Large Line Display

Development of Multi-Functional Large Line Display

Rose-like ZnNiCo layered double hydroxide grown on Co3O4 nanowire arrays for high energy density flexible supercapacitors

Ternary double layer hydroxides are considered as potential electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors due to their unique layered structure and synergistic effect among their active components. However, the poor stability of these materials during the redox reaction seriously hinders their practical application. Therefore, it is of practical significance to design highly efficient and facile strategy to solve these issues. Herein, rose-like CC@Co3O4/ZNC-LDH hierarchical structure nanowire arrays are successfully synthesized on carbon cloth by a two-step hydrothermal method combined with a calcination process. Due to the unique structural design and the synergistic effect between Zn, Ni and Co elements, the prepared CC@Co3O4/ZNC-LDH nanocomposites exhibit excellent electrochemical properties (2084 mF cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2) and ideal capacitance retention (86.5 % after 10,000 cycles). In addition, the ASC device assembled with CC@Co3O4/ZNC-LDH nanocomposites as the positive electrode and activated carbon as the negative electrode can provide an energy density of 41 Wh kg−1 and a corresponding power density of 958 W kg−1 in a voltage window of 0–1.7 V. A multifunctional display can be lit up for more than 25 min by connecting two ASC devices in series. Therefore, the prepared rose-like CC@Co3O4/ZNC-LDH electrode with hierarchical structure should have a satisfactory practical application prospect.

In situ generation of CeCoSx bimetallic sulfide derived from “egg-box” seaweed biomass on S/N co-doped graphene aerogels for flexible all solid-state supercapacitors

Practical applications of flexible electrochemical energy storage devices are still limited by the lack of robust mechanical structures and high capacitive storage capabilities. Herein, the 3D CeCoSx-SA/GF porous aerogels are designed and prepared based on sodium alginate, which possess a special structure that can be explained by the so-called “egg-box” model. Each metal ion can be paired with the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of the G monomer on two adjacent sodium alginate molecular chains. Melamine foam is used as carrier for graphene/sodium alginate impregnation and plays an important role on significantly limiting the agglomeration of graphene nanosheets due to their strong π-π stacking. The fabricated electrode based on CeCoSx-SA/GF shows an excellent electrochemical capacitance of 873.3F/g at the current density of 1A/g. In addition, the capacitance retention rate can still remain 87.1 % after 5000 cycles at a high current density of 8 A/g. Moreover, the fabricated all-solid state asymmetric supercapacitor device assembled with CoCeSx-SA/GF and active carbon shows an energy density of 29.58 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 801 W kg−1. For practical applications, the fabricated supercapacitor device can power a multifunctional display for 28 mins and illuminate a small light bulb for 3 mins. Moreover, the KOH/polyvinyl alcohol gel-electrolyte was used to fabricate high-strength and flexible CeCoSx-SA/GF/PVA/KOH composite film electrode, which can be bent at various angles (0°-180°) and can be twisted into various shapes. Notably, the CeCoSx-SA/GF/PVA/KOH composite film can lift plastic bottles containing 500 mL (500 g) and 1000 mL (1 kg) water, respectively, indicating that it has great application potential for wearable and portable electronic devices.

Low-Power High-Bandwidth Non-Polar InGaN Micro-LEDs at Low Current Densities for Energy-Efficient Visible Light Communication

Recently, the rapidly developing Internet of Things (IoT) needs to support massive connectivity with high transmission data rate, which requires IoT transmitters with high speed and low power consumption. In this work, non-polar micro-LED operating at low current density of 10 A/cm <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> can still maintain a high bandwidth of 508 MHz and near-peak external quantum efficiency (EQE), making it promising for low-power, energy-efficient visible light communication (VLC) to address the challenge. At 10 A/cm <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> , non-polar micro-LEDs can achieve a low power consumption and high energy efficiency, still maintaining the data rate of 0.25 Gbps. In addition, data rates of 2 Gbps and 1.1 Gbps were also successfully achieved for non-polar micro-LED operating at 320 and 50 A/cm <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> , respectively, to evaluate the relationship between power consumption and achievable data rate. The capability of non-polar micro-LED that can realize low-power consumption and high bandwidth at low current density is expected to play a great role in the field of energy-efficient VLC, multi-function display and IoT in the future.

Wireless Multifunctional Display Platform for Visual Communication Design Based on IoT Big Data

An important role of display visual design is advertising and advertising communication, which is an integrated medium, that is, a medium for communicating information. Visual communication design is the most direct way of information transmission in modern society. In today’s increasingly complex and diversified information, visual communication design has been more and more widely used in terms of form and function. On the display platform, the use of visual elements and the expression of visual communication design allows us to examine the different spatial experiences that visual communication design brings to people from a new perspective and adjust the way it is communicated, so as to find a scientific expression. This paper focused on the role of visual communication in display design and discussed its specific application in display design. The use of visual elements in the display space provides a new visual platform for spatial information, making the space design more connotative and cultural. For the smooth experience of media fusion design, it is necessary to ensure that information can be transmitted quickly and smoothly in every link of its processing. In the data write throughput experiment of the microperceptual data layer, the maximum write speed increased by 85.2% compared with the direct write method using the TSBPS method. The findings demonstrated that the IOT-HSQM model’s strategy of first queuing and then segmentation writes may more effectively fulfill the demands of high bandwidth than straight data transmission to HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System).

Embedding of conductive Ag nanoparticles among honeycomb-like NiMn layered double hydroxide nanosheet arrays for ultra-high performance flexible supercapacitors

Layered double hydroxides are considered promising electrode materials for the preparation of high-energy–density supercapacitors owing to their suitable microstructure and significant electrochemical properties. In this study, honeycomb-like NiMn-layered double-hydroxide (NiMn-LDH) nanosheet arrays with numerous electron/ion channels, a large number of active sites, considerable redox reversibility, and significant electrical conductivity were synthesized by combining Co2(OH)2CO3 nanoneedle arrays with NiMn-LDH nanosheet arrays and Ag nanoparticles on a carbon cloth (CC) substrate through a hydrothermal strategy (CC@Co2CH/NM-LDH-Ag). The fabricated CC@Co2CH/NM-LDH-Ag binder-free electrode exhibited a high specific capacitance of 10,976 mF cm−2 (3092F/g, 1391.4C g−1) at 2 mA cm−2 (1 A/g), and a high capacitance retention of 93.2 % after 10,000 cycles at a current density of 20 mA cm−2. In addition, a solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device assembled using CC@Co2CH/NM-LDH-Ag as the cathode possessed an ultrahigh energy density of 68.85 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 722.6 W kg−1, and two fabricated ASC units in series were able to power a multifunctional display for more than 30 min. Therefore, this study provides a new approach for the design and synthesis of high-performance flexible electrodes.

Metasurface-based augmented reality headset equipped with an eye movement monitoring system

In this paper, a metasurface-based waveguide display equipped with an eye movement monitoring system is presented. In the suggested device, the functions of the eye movement system and AR are completely independent of each other and are designed in two separate sections at wavelengths 775 nm and 635 nm respectively. In the next part, in order to investigate the effects of the shape of the waveguide on FOV and efficiency, a multifunctional display system comprise of a single rectangular waveguide with two sensitive polarization channels are designed to operate as an AR and eye movement monitoring systems simultaneously at visible and IR wavelengths respectively. In both devices, monitoring eye movements can be done over the range of − 24° to 24° and the digital images are displaced in the user’s FOV based on horizontal eye positions. Although the first suggested system is heavier than one, its FOV is almost more than twice of the second system. The results indicate that metasurface-based waveguide technology can be considered as an appropriate platform for developing wearable eye movement systems.

Recent Progress in AC-Driven Organic and Perovskite Electroluminescent Devices

AC-driven EL devices have always been the focus of attention because of their great value in the field of intelligent lighting and multifunctional display. AC-driven EL devices based on various materials and optimization methods have been continuously developed. However, the important luminescent semiconductor materials have rarely been systematically studied. Herein, the development of efficient and stable organic and perovskite EL devices, including the optimization of light-emitting materials, and the device structures are comprehensively studied. The different frequency-dependent characteristics of AC-driven EL devices based on organic semiconductors and perovskite semiconductors are mainly introduced due to the discrepancy in the characteristics of the materials themselves. In addition, approaches to reduce the driving voltage and enhance the luminescence performance of AC-driven organic EL devices are also presented. For AC-driven perovskite EL devices, the bias voltage with frequent switching of the electric field direction can alleviate the thermal degradation and charge accumulation of the material to improve the stability of the devices and also effectively suppress the phenomenon of ion migration. The unique advantages of the AC driving mode in the realization of color tunable EL devices are revealed. The application potential and challenges of AC-driven EL devices are discussed.

Visual Landing Based on the Human Depth Perception in Limited Visibility and Failure of Avionic Systems.

This paper introduces a novel visual landing system applicable to the accurate landing of commercial aircraft utilizing human depth perception algorithms, named a 3D Model Landing System (3DMLS). The 3DMLS uses a simulation environment for visual landing in the failure of navigation aids/avionics, adverse weather conditions, and limited visibility. To simulate the approach path and surrounding area, the 3DMLS implements both the inertial measurement unit (IMU) and the digital elevation model (DEM). While the aircraft is in the instrument landing system (ILS) range, the 3DMLS simulates more details of the environment in addition to implementing the DOF depth perception algorithm to provide a clear visual landing path. This path is displayed on a multifunction display in the cockpit for pilots. As the pilot's eye concentrates mostly on the runway location and touch-down point, “the runway” becomes the center of focus in the environment simulation. To display and evaluate the performance of the 3DMLS and depth perception, a landing auto test is also designed and implemented to guide the aircraft along the runway. The flight path is derived simultaneously by comparison of the current aircraft and the runway position. The Unity and MATLAB software are adopted to model the 3DMLS. The accuracy and the quality of the simulated environment in terms of resolution, the field of view, frame per second, and latency are confirmed based on FSTD's visual requirements. Finally, the saliency map toolbox shows that the depth of field (DOF) implementation increases the pilot's concentration resulting in safe landing guidance.

Reciprocally Photovoltaic Light-Emitting Diode Based on Dispersive Perovskite Nanocrystal.

Integrating highly efficient photovoltaic (PV) function into light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for multifunctional display is of great significance for compact low-power electronics, but it remains challenging. Herein, it is demonstrated that solution engineered perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs, ≈100nm) enable efficient electroluminescence (EL) and PV performance within a single device through tailoring the dispersity and interface. It delivers the maximum brightness of 490Wsr-1 m-2 at 2.7V and 23.2% EL external quantum efficiency, a record value for near-infrared perovskite LED, as well as 15.23% PV efficiency, among the highest value for nanocrystal perovskite solar cells. The PV-EL performance is well in line with the reciprocity relation. These all-solution-processed PV-LED devices open up viable routes to a variety of advanced applications, from touchless interactive screens to energy harvesting displays and data communication.