Multifactor Analysis Of Variance Research Articles

Effect of bioactive glass particles on mechanical and adhesion properties of resin cements.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the mechanical and adhesive properties of three different resin cements with bioactive glass (BAG) incorporated in two different ratios. BAG was added to different resin cements (3M Rely-X Ultimate, GC Link Ace, and GC Link Force) in different ratios (5% and 10% by weight). The three-point flexural strength, microhardness, and bond strength properties were evaluated. The fracture types of the groups were then analyzed using a stereo microscope. The data were analyzed using a multifactorial analysis of variance and Tukey's post-hoc tests (α < 0.05). The addition of BAG reduced the flexural strength of the resin cements (P < 0.05).The effect of BAG addition on the Vickers microhardness value was significantly different for each cement group (P < 0.05). In addition, with the exception of the GC link force group (10% BAG addition), the BAG addition decreased the bond strength of cements to dentin in all the groups (P = 0.171). The results of this study confirmed that different resin cements comprising different ratios of BAG exhibited different flexural strength, hardness, and bond-strength properties. Since the bond strength values increased with the addition of 10% BAG in the GC Link Force cement group, the effects of different BAG compositions could be worth investigating in future studies.

Performance equivalence and validation of a rapid microbiological method for detection and quantification of yeast and mold in an antacid oral suspension.

Alternative and rapid microbiological methods are effective and profitable technologies that can be safely use in the pharmaceutical industry. This report studies the efficacy of the Soleris® direct yeast and mold automated method for the quantitative detection of C. albicans and A. brasiliensis at three different microbial bioburden. Validation testing was carried out using an antacid oral suspension (aluminum hydroxide 4% + magnesium hydroxide 4% + simethicone 0.4%). Equivalence of data between detection time vs. colony-forming units was established for both, alternative and conventional methodologies. Using probability of detection, linear Poisson regression, Fisher's test, and multifactorial analysis of variance ANOVA, all results from the rapid method were prove to be in statistical agreement with the reference plating procedures. The limits of detection and quantification were statistically similar for both methods (Fisher's exact test, P >0.05), showing that the alternative method was not inferior in performance to the reference method. Essential validation parameters such as precision (standard deviation < 5, coefficient of variance < 35%), accuracy (>70%), linearity (R2 >0.9025), and ruggedness (ANOVA, P <0.05) were determined. It was proved that all test results obtained from the alternative method were in statistical agreement with the standard plate count method. Thus, this new technology was found to meet all the validation criteria needed to be considered as an alternative method for yeast and mold quantification in the antacid oral suspension tested.

Quality in the Implementation of School-Based Assessment in Ghana: Evidence from Business Studies Teachers

The vitality and quality of implementing curriculum reforms and innovations depend on the teacher’s acceptance and concerns about the reforms and innovations. This research examines the concerns of Business Studies teachers about the quality of the implementation of School-Based Assessment (SBA) in the Senior High Schools in Central Region of Ghana. A descriptive, cross-sectional survey design was employed, and the census method involved all the Business Studies teachers. Data was gathered using the adapted Stages of Concern Questionnaire (SoCQ), processed via SPSS version 25.0 and analysed using Mean, Standard Deviations, Relative Intensity Percentile (RIP) and Factorial Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). The study discovered that Business Studies teachers have the most intense concerns self-concerns (Awareness, Informational and Personal) least intense concerns at Impact concerns (e.g., Consequence) about SBA implementation in the curriculum. Further, the study established that Personal, Consequence, Collaboration and Refocusing Concerns significantly depend on teachers’ workload and SBA training. At the same time, gender, age, and years of teaching experience do not significantly influence teachers’ concerns about SBA implementation. The Business Studies teachers were not very much interested and involved in the SBA implementation. They are non-users and resistant to SBA implementation in the curriculum. The study recommended that the MoE/GES and NaCCA, in partnership with school administrators and GABET, should frequently organise ongoing training, workshops, seminars, conferences, and professional development courses for teachers to use and implement SBA in the curriculum. The MoE/GES should provide SBA logistics (tools, equipment) and materials needed for SBA implementation.

Memory and processing speed impairments in first-episode drug-naïve patients with major depressive disorder

BackgroundCognitive impairment, an intrinsic feature of major depressive disorder (MDD), affects daily and social functioning in depression patients. However, the cognitive impairment profile in MDD remains ambiguous because of the high heterogeneity of previous studies. MethodsFour cognitive domains, including memory, processing speed, executive function (EF), and attention, were assessed in 184 first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) MDD patients and matched 71 healthy controls (HCs). The effects of demographic and depressive factors on cognitive performance were analyzed using various statistical methods, including multi-factor analysis of variance, Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman's rank correlation. In addition, the impact of depression severity on cognitive function was further assessed using subgroup analyses and partial correlation analyses. ResultsAge and education significantly impacted most cognitive performances, and depression severity appeared to influence processing speed. Moreover, cognitive scores in memory and processing speed, rather than in EF and attention, were significantly different between FEDN MDD patients and HCs after controlling for sex, age, educational attainment, household income, and body mass index. LimitationsThe number of HCs was relatively small, which may have slightly reduced the study's statistical power. ConclusionsAge and educational attainment have confirmative confounding effects greater than those of depression in most cognitive functions. More importantly, memory and processing speed were impaired in MDD after strictly controlling for confounders. These findings provide new information for understanding the pattern of cognitive impairment and offer clues for further exploring the pathogenesis of cognitive abnormalities in MDD.

EFFECT OF USING FLIPPED CLASSROOM FOR TEACHING WRITING BASED ON STUDENTS' MOTIVATION: A QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

The flipped Classroom is an approach that has been often mentioned in recent years, namely a learning model in which pedagogical concepts are reversed that can reorganize students' needs to ensemble the times in the modern era. This research aimed to analyze: (1) Does Flipped Classroom have better effectiveness than the Conventional Learning Model for teaching writing?; (2) Do high-motivation students show better writing competencies than low-motivation students?; (3) Is there any relationship between the learning model and students' motivation for conducting writing subject? Institut Teknologi &amp; Bisnis Bakti Nusantara is the research location in this quasi-experimental study. The researchers employed two classes in this study: control and experimental classes. This research has 48 students as the sample of study in which each class consists of 24 students in both classes. The writing test and motivation questionnaire were employed for collecting the data as the research instrument. Before utilizing the Tukey test to identify the significance of different pairs of group means, the researchers conducted a 2x2 Multifactor Analysis of Variance for data analysis. The research findings unraveled the mean scores of F1M1 70, F1M2 75, F2M1 68, and F2M2 69. This finding concludes that (1) Flipped Classroom offers better effectiveness than the conventional learning model to teach writing, (2) The are differences in writing scores by students who have low motivation and high motivation, (3) There are interactions of learning model and student's motivation for teaching writing. Therefore, this research is expected to provide implications for implementing Flipped Classrooms with LMS for teaching English in higher education institutions in Indonesia to encourage the improvement of the flipped-classroom learning model on a larger scale.

Variability of Jump Biomechanics Between Horses of Different Age and Experience Using Commercial Inertial Measurement Unit Technology

The application of commercial inertial measurement units has become popular in equestrian sports, which may help to eliminate a gap of knowledge concerning many aspects of biomechanics in training. This study employed the Seaver IMU system to measure jumping characteristics of horses with differing age-competition experience during regular training. It was hypothesized that experience level results in lower variability of jumping parameters. Twelve Warmblood horses aged 5 to 6 years with/without competition experience and 7 to 11 years with experience were investigated during regular training in 2 training centers. Consistent number of 10 successive jumps of the individual chosen course of vertical and spread obstacles (5th –15th) were analyzed and the following parameters were measured: jump height, reserve and length; taking off angle, acceleration, velocity; jump spatial shifting, energy by landing, and frequency of approach strides. Preliminary analysis confirmed comparable physiological effort in 2 training center based on heart rate, distance and duration measurements. The multifactorial analysis of variance for biomechanical data included in the statistical model the random effect of horse and fixed effects of training center, age-experience group, successive jump number, obstacle type and height. Four parameters were significantly different between the younger, inexperienced group and experienced younger and older horses: height of jump (P = .01), frequency of approach strides (P = .005), acceleration of taking off (P = .01), and energy by landing (P = .0013). Standard errors for almost all the parameters reached higher values for the youngest, inexperienced horses. Variability of jumping parameters was lower for experienced groups of horses, suggesting higher precision on obstacle courses.

Using regression and Multifactorial Analysis of Variance to assess the effect of ascorbic, citric, and malic acids on spores and activated spores of Alicyclobacillusacidoterrestris

The type strain of the species Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris (DSM 3922) and the strain CB1 (accession number: KP144333) were studied in this research to assess the effects of three weak acids (malic, citric, and ascorbic acids), pH (3 or 4), and spore status (spores, and activated spores). Acids were used to prepare 7 different blends, and the blends used to reduce the pH of Malt Extract broth to 3 and 4; then, media were inoculated with spores or activated spores, stored at 45 °C (optimal temperature for A. acidoterrestris growth), and analyzed immediately and after 2 and 7 days.Data were preliminary standardized as increase/reduction of microbial population, compared to the initial concentration, and modelled through two different statistical approaches (multifactorial ANOVA, and multiple regression). Finally, a binary code (0-no growth or reduction of viable count; 1-growth) was used to perform a multiple regression analysis on the growth probability of A. acidoterrestris.Generally, ascorbic acid was the most effective compound, but other acids (e.g., malic acid) could contribute to increase the inactivation ratio; concerning spore status, the highest sensitivity of activated spores suggests that acids probably act during the outgrowing phase. Finally, the two strains showed different trends at pH 3.0, being the type strain the most resistant one.

The Influence of Using Genre Based Instruction (GBI) in Writing Skill Exposition Text in Students SMPN 3 Pringgarata

This study was aimed at finding out the influence of genre-based instructional model in the teaching of writing skills viewed from students’ text exposition. This study employed a quasi-experimental research design. The samples consisted of two classes in which one class was treated by using genre-based instructional (GBI) model and the second class was subjected to the process-based instruction (PBI) model. The writing exposition text were functioned as research instruments to collect the data in both classes. The data were analyzed by using the multifactor analysis of variance (ANOVA). The research finding informed that the GBI model was more influence than the PB model I. It was proved with the value of Process-Based Instruction (56) was lower than Genre Based Instruction (69). It means that the used of Genre Based instructional model have influence in writing skills exposition text. The finding indicates that there is significant interaction between instructional being applied in the teaching of writing skill exposition text.

A comparative study of pre-service teachers’ knowledge and perceptions of, and attitudes toward, inclusive education

This study examined pre-service teachers’ knowledge and perceptions of, and attitudes toward, inclusive education. A total of 131 pre-service teachers from two programs—one at a College of Education and a university program through the Faculty of Education—were surveyed using a cross-sectional survey research design. Data were collected using a self-developed questionnaire. The questionnaire was pilot tested among pre-service teachers from the Faculty of Education at a university which did not participate in the study. We used a 3 × 2 factorial multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to analyze the descriptive and inferential data (means, standard deviations). The study revealed a statistically significant difference between pre-service teachers’ gender (male and female) and programs (university and college of education) regarding their knowledge and perceptions of, and attitudes toward, inclusive education. The results indicated a significant MANOVA. In the follow-up analysis of the variance test, pre-service teachers’ perceptions and attitudes differed between genders and programs. In addition, the study found a significant difference between pre-service teachers’ perceptions and attitudes toward inclusive education based on their educational programs. Pre-service teachers from the College of Education scored higher than those from the Faculty of Education at a university. We discuss the implications of an egalitarian learning environment.

Optimization of Cooling Channel for Spark Plug Based on Conjugate Heat Transfer Simulation

Air cooling channel is very important to avoid the ablation of ignition spark plug by reducing the temperature on the end face, and thus increase the service life of the spark plug. For a typical aero-engine ignition spark plug, coupled simulation model describing the flow in the air cooling channel as well as the heat transfer overall the spark plug has been established with a CFD software. Orthogonal experiments have been performed to analyze the influence of the design parameters on the air flowrate and end surface temperature On the basis of orthogonal experiment, the cooling channel is optimized by multi-factor analysis of variance The results demonstrate that: (1) The most important issue that influence the overall flowrate in cooling channel and the maximum temperature on the ignition end face is the number of holes on end face, and second one is the outlet diameter, while the influence of inlet diameter is not significant. (2) There is a better structural design for the cooling channel of the spark plug. The optimized air cooling channel increases the volume flow rate by 52.21% compared to the original scheme, which helps maintain the maximum temperature of the ignition end face of the spark plug below 368.2°C.

Anatomical adaptions of pits in two types of ray parenchyma cells in Populus tomentosa during the xylem differentiation

Pits in ray parenchyma cells are important to understand the functional anatomy of the ray parenchyma network in the xylem but have been less studied. Herein, pits in two types of ray parenchyma cells, contact cells and isolation cells, across different developmental stages were qualitatively studied using 48-year-old Populus tomentosa trees. The timing of differentiation and death was determined by histochemical staining and polarized light microscopy. The dimension, shape and density of pits as well as cell wall thickness were measured using SEM and optical microscopy images of semi-thin radial sections and macerated ray parenchyma cells, and analyzed by multi-factor analyses of variance. Results showed that secondary wall thickening and lignification of contact cells begun near the cambium, contrarily those of isolation cells have started until the transition zone. But even in the sapwood, contact cell walls were still much thinner than isolation cell walls. Moreover, district anatomical adaptions of pits during the xylem differentiation were present between horizontal walls and tangential walls, between contact cells and isolation cells. Ray pits were simple to slightly bordered, whereas sieve-like pits were only shown on tangential walls of isolation cells. Pit density of horizontal walls was similar between contact cells and isolation cells, nevertheless greater pits were present on tangential walls, especially for isolation cells. In addition, pits of ray parenchyma cells in the heartwood were smaller and more bordered than those in the sapwood, particularly on the horizontal walls. Moreover, isolation cells had pits with the smaller dimensions, greater pits on the tangential walls, more bordered pits on horizontal walls, as well as longer and narrower cell morphology with much thicker cell walls than contact cells. To a certain extent, all these anatomical adaptations were developed to ensure distinct functions of the two types of ray parenchyma cells in the xylem and finally to support tree growth in demand.

Arsenic Methylation Efficiency Changes During Paddy Soil Drying and Its Key Influencing Factors Analysis

The straight head disease of rice is one of the main problems limiting rice production. Arsenic (As) methylation in paddy soils is considered to be highly related to the occurrence of the straight head disease. As a typical field practice, rice fields are usually drained during the late tillering stage and the mid-late grain filling stage. Nevertheless, the key influencing factors on the As methylation efficiency during paddy soil drying remain unclear. In this study, an indoor cultivation experiment was set up to simulate the drying process of paddy soil. Two As-contaminated soils collected from Xingren (XR) in Guizhou province and Nandan (ND) in Guangxi province were used as test soils. Each soil was treated with the addition of rice straw (RS) and without rice straw (CK). With the drying of paddy soil (0, 24, 36, 48, and 60 h), the changes in soil Eh, pH, total organic carbon (TOC), and As chemical species in the porewater were determined. The abundance of the As methylation functional gene (arsM), sulfate-reducing bacteria (harboring dsrA, As methylation-related microorganism), and methanogens (harboring mcrA, As demethylation-related microorganism), as well as the diversity of arsM-harboring microorganisms, were also observed. The results showed that during the process of drying paddy soil, soil Eh changed from -300--200 mV under complete flooding to -150--50 mV after drying; however, the change in soil pH was not obvious. The concentrations of inorganic As (iAs) and dimethylarsenic (DMAs) in porewater significantly increased (P<0.05) with the drying process. Additionally, the concentration of DMAs in the RS treatment was prominently higher than that in CK. Compared with XR soil, the concentration of DMAs in ND soil was higher. As a function of soil drying time, the As methylation efficiency of XR soil (XR-CK and XR-RS) slightly increased but was not significant (P>0.05), whereas the As methylation efficiency of ND soil (ND-CK and ND-RS) increased significantly (P<0.05). After the drying time reached 60 h, the As methylation efficiency of ND-CK and ND-RS increased by 61.8% and 23.2%, respectively, compared with those at the early stage of drying (0 hours). The copy numbers of the arsM and dsrA genes greatly increased with the extension of drying time, whereas an opposite trend was observed for the copy number of the mcrA gene. Furthermore, the addition of straw obviously increased the gene abundance of whole bacteria and arsM-, dsrA-, and mcrA-harboring bacteria. Based on the multi-factor analysis of variance and the redundancy analysis, it was found that the test soil type, straw addition, drying time, and their interaction had a critical influence on the changes in As species, As methylation efficiency, and the gene abundance in soils. TOC, Eh, and the functional genes associated with As methylation were positively linked with the methylated As content in soil porewater but negatively correlated with that of iAs. According to the sequence of the arsM-harboring microbe, it was clearly demonstrated that a community shift of As-methylating microbe occurred with the soil drying. Here, the following conclusions were derived:① the drying process did not lower the As methylation efficiency in paddy soil. On the contrary, in this study, the As methylation efficiency, especially that for ND soil, remarkably improved. The addition of straw notably promoted the As methylation efficiency and the content of DMAs in porewater. ② An increasing tendency was observed for the abundance of microbes related to As methylation, whereas a reverse trend was indicated for microbes related to As demethylation. The community shift of arsM-harboring microbes might be the crucial reason for the improved As methylation efficiency during the soil drying. These observations contribute to a better understanding of the As methylation process during paddy soil drying and will shed light on the future mitigation of rice straight head disease in paddy soils.

Research on the factorial effect of science and technology innovation (STI) policy mix using multifactor analysis of variance (ANOVA)

Under the new normal of global governance driven by innovation, competitiveness in science and technology has become a key indicator of a country's or a region's comprehensive strength. Science and technology innovation (STI) policy has become a significant instrument for governments to guide and advance science and technology competitiveness. STI policies do not exist independently, and interactions exist among policies; however, studies till date have not sufficiently investigated such interaction. Hence, this study analyzed the factorial effect of STI policies using multifactor analysis of variance. We discovered that there are significant interactions among STI policies and that a policy mix can produce some new properties not possessed by a single STI policy. We statistically identified these interactions and sorted the magnitude of policy effects. This study enriches and improves the existing research, thereby offering scholars and policymakers with a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the effects of the policy mix. Moreover, this study contributes to the scientific implementation of policies for improved STI and economic development.

Fracture Resistance of Heat-Treated Nickel-Titanium Rotary Files After Usage and Autoclave Sterilization: An In Vitro Study

IntroductionThis study aimed to evaluate the dynamic cyclic fatigue resistance of heat-treated nickel-titanium (NiTi) files after usage and autoclaving. MethodsTwo heat-treated NiTi file systems with tip sizes of #25 (ie, ProTaper Gold F2 [Dentsply Sirona, Charlotte, NC] and TruNatomy Prime [Dentsply Sirona]) were selected. Files of each system were divided into 3 experimental subgroups (n = 10). For subgroup 1, new files were tested to establish the baseline number of cycles to failure (NCF). For subgroup 2, files underwent canal instrumentation in a simulated J-shaped canal block with 35° of curvature and a 16.5-mm length. The simulated canals were pre-enlarged using stainless steel files #10K and #15K. After instrumentation, the files were tested. For subgroup 3, files underwent canal instrumentation as in subgroup 2 followed by autoclave sterilization and then were tested for cyclic failure. The cyclic fatigue test was performed in dynamic pecking motion under body temperature. The time to fracture was recorded and calculated into NCF. Fracture fragment lengths were measured using a digital microcaliper. Statistical analysis was conducted using the independent t test and multifactorial analysis of variance with 95% significance. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the topographic characteristics after cyclic fatigue tests. ResultsThere were no significant differences between file systems in subgroup 1 using new files (P < .05). Although PG reduced the NCF after use, TN showed a significantly increased NCF (P < .05). However, after sterilization, TN showed a reduced NCF compared with the used one (P < .05). ConclusionsCyclic loading by usage and heat treatment during sterilization may result in different cyclic fatigue resistance according to the geometry and alloy characteristics.

The optimal level of factors for high daily milk yield in automatic milking system

Optimising daily milk yield in automatic milking systems (AMS) became one of the basic issues raised by many farmers. The aim of this study was to determine the best combination of factors and their levels suggested by the decision tree for high daily milk yield per AMS in dairy cattle herds. The study involved 4854 Polish Holstein-Friesian cows milked in 20 barns with Lely AMS. Statistical analysis was performed using two methods: multifactorial analysis of variance and classification tree technique. Milk yield, number of cows, free robot time, milking speed, and cow treatment time (i.e. cleaning of teats before and after milking) were the significant determinants of total milk yield for all cows per milking robot and were most frequently used to construct the decision tree. The tree shows that the highest total milk yield per robot was observed for the group of cows that produced more than 30 kg of milk per day, with a milking speed of over 2.40 kg/min. and during robot days in which free time did not exceed 10% of the day. In AMS dairy herds, efforts should be made to select animals that transmit high milk yield and high milking speed while shortening free robot time and increasing daily milk yield per robot. Also, attention should be given to the percentage of box time spent on preparing the cow for milking and after milking because prolongation of this variable has a negative effect on daily milk yield per AMS.

Caring for a child with an eating disorder: Understanding differences among mothers and fathers of adolescent and adult children.

This study investigated treatment-engagement fears, self-efficacy, and accommodating and enabling in mothers and fathers of adolescent and adult children with eating disorders. This study involved a secondary analysis of pre-treatment data from a subsample of 143 parents (95 mothers; 48 fathers) from a Canada-wide multi-site study. Parents completed the Caregiver Traps Scale, Parents Versus Anorexia Scale, and the Accommodation and Enabling Scale for Eating Disorders. Data were analysed using factorial Multivariate Analysis of Variance and mediation via multiple regression. Mothers reported higher levels of treatment-engagement fears than fathers. Among mothers, higher fear predicted lower self-efficacy and more accommodating and enabling behaviours. Among fathers, neither fear nor self-efficacy predicted accommodating and enabling. No differences in treatment-engagement fear or self-efficacy between parents of adolescent child and adult children were found at pre-treatment. Mothers' and fathers' experience different levels of fear related to their involvement in their ill-child's treatment at pre-treatment, and that fear is uniquely related to variables that impact treatment outcomes. There is a need to support parents even when their child is an adult. This study can inform family-based treatments vis-a-vis tailoring interventions for mothers and fathers and providing support to parents of children with eating disorders across the lifespan.

Photosynthetic Pigments Content in Emmer Wheat Plants as Criteria of Productivity in Traditional and Organic Farming Technology

Background. Estimation of chlorophyll and carotenoid content is an informative way to obtain ideas about the plants photosynthetic process and is an indirect method for assessing the productivity of plant crops, including cereals. As the worldwide interest at now for traditional and natural foods is growing, in the work we used one of the oldest grain crops – emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum (Schrank.) Schuebl.) which was cultivated in traditional and organic farming system. Objective. The study aim was to determine the role of chlorophyll and carotenoids in the emmer wheat productivity formation by traditional and organic farming technology under different pre-sowing seed treatment systems. Methods. Field experiment was establishment during 2019–2021 on low-humus, hard-loam chernozems, the condition of which meets the “virgin land” criterion. The emmer wheat cultivation in organic technology was carried out in crop rotation: winter rye (green manure crop) – mustard (to improve the field phytosanitary condition and soil organic matter indicators) – emmer wheat. Two variants of pre-sowing seed treatment were studied: irradiation with ultraviolet light of the C range (100–280 nm) and seed treatment with 1r Seed Treatment humic preparation. The pre-sowing seed treatment in the traditional technology of the emmer wheat cultivation was carried out by the UV-C irradiation. In organic technology both UV-C irradiation and treatment with 1r Seed Treatment humic preparation of natural origin were used. Statistical data processing was performed by methods of descriptive statistics, regression and analysis of variance by the program Statistica 10.0. The experimental data significance was evaluated by using multifactor analysis of variance (ANOVA) to calculate the least significant difference (LSD05). Results. It was found the use of UV-C seeds irradiation in organic and traditional cultivation technologies leads to increase in the chlorophyll a (Chl a) content by 9.2 % and chlorophyll b (Chl b) content by 14.5 % in plants grown by organic technology, however to decrease in carotenoid content (Ct) by 14.9 %. The increase in the photosynthetic pigments content by UV-C seeds irradiation lead to yield increase from 4.26 t/ha by the traditional technology to 5.17 t/ha by the organic technology, ie by 21.4 %. In organic technology based on the comparison of the photosynthetic apparatus main indicators of the emmer wheat and yield, the most effective method for seed treatment was determined. It was established that at result of 1r Seed Treatment humic preparation application in pre-sowing seed treatment, the Chl a concentration decreased by 2.4 %, the Chl b and Ct concentration increased by 5 and 25.5 %, respectively, compared with plants grown from UV-C irradiated seeds. When 1r Seed Treatment was used for pre-sowing treatment yield was 5.58 t/ha, while at UV-C seed treatment – 5.17 t/ha, ie, the yield increase was 8 %. An inverse correlation between the ratio of the photosynthetic pigments Chl a/Chl b content and the emmer wheat yield was determined. Conclusions. According to the study results, it can be assumed that the introduction of organic farming technology with pre-sowing seed treatment by the 1r Seed Treatment humic preparation can increase the emmer wheat yield by 31% compared to the traditional technology. Thus, the photosynthetic pigments content and their ratio can be the effectiveness indicators of the implemented agricultural technologies.

Study on Fatigue Coefficient of Airline Pilots.

This paper uses the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-16) to investigate the fatigue status of pilots, and the reliability and validity of the scale are tested by Cronbach’s α and exploratory factor analysis. The founding shows that mild fatigue and above accounted for 67.7%. For further quantify the impact of different flights on pilots’ fatigue, research improves the fatigue coefficient model based on the results of pilot fatigue feeling questionnaire. Combined with multifactor analysis of variance and multiple linear regression, it is found that the independent variables have different and positive effects on the dependent variables, and there is no multicollinearity. Through the actual test, its accuracy is improved by 16.7% compared with the original model.

A video-based SlowFastMTB model for detection of small amounts of smoke from incipient forest fires

Abstract This paper proposes a video-based SlowFast model that combines the SlowFast deep learning model with a new boundary box annotation algorithm. The new algorithm, namely the MTB (i.e., the ratio of the number of Moving object pixels To the number of Bounding box pixels) algorithm, is devised to automatically annotate the bounding box that includes the smoke with fuzzy boundaries. The model parameters of the MTB algorithm are examined by multifactor analysis of variance. To demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach, a case study is provided that examines real video clips of incipient forest fires with small amounts of smoke. The performance of the proposed approach is compared with those of existing deep learning models, including convolutional neural network (CNN), faster region-based CNN (faster R-CNN), and SlowFast. It is demonstrated that the proposed approach achieves enhanced detection accuracy, while reducing false negative rates.

Characterization of universal chromatic resin-based composites in terms of cell toxicity and viscoelastic behavior

ObjectivesA current trend to simplify dental restorative procedures is toward using universal chromatic light-cured resin-based composites (RBCs) designed to adapt esthetically to various clinical situations. This study offers a comparative characterization of the mechanical and cytotoxic behavior of such materials that use different techniques to adjust their optical properties (e.g., structural color instead of pigment addition), have different filler systems but are based on a comparable organic matrix. MethodsThe structural appearance of the filler systems was assessed by scanning electron microscopy. Various quasi-static and viscoelastic parameters were evaluated at clinically relevant frequencies (0.5–5 Hz) using an instrumented indentation test with a Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) module. Cytotoxicity on human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1), when exposed to eluates from tested RBCs specimens (up to one month), was assessed using a WST-1 colorimetric proliferation assay. Multifactor analysis of variance was applied to compare the parameters of interest (Martens, Vickers, and indentation hardness; elastic and total indentation work; creep, indentation depth; storage, loss, and indentation moduli; loss factor; cell viability) between analyzed RBCs, loading frequencies, and eluate age. ResultsStructural particularities of the filler systems are directly reflected in the mechanical behavior of the analyzed materials. Changes in the filler system, necessary to achieve structural color, generally resulted in lower mechanical properties but a better ability to absorb shock. In contrast, the cytotoxicity was comparable. SignificanceBased on the performed characterization, universal chromatic RBCs fits in the conventional RBCs class to expect comparable clinical behavior.