Multifaceted Responsibilities Research Articles

Perioperative Patient Safety Management: The Perspective of Operating Room Nurses

Perioperative patient safety management is a critical aspect of healthcare, requiring a comprehensive understanding of the roles and responsibilities of operating room nurses in ensuring patient safety. This paper emphasizes the significance of nurses' perspectives in enhancing safety protocols during the perioperative phase. It explores the multifaceted responsibilities of operating room nurses, highlighting their pivotal role in patient safety, from preoperative assessment to postoperative care. The challenges faced by nurses in maintaining safety standards are discussed, along with innovative solutions to mitigate these issues. Drawing on insights from contemporary practices, the paper advocates for a proactive approach to safety management, emphasizing continuous education, effective communication, and the implementation of evidence-based guidelines. The conclusions offer a roadmap for future directions in perioperative safety, underscoring the need for collaborative efforts among healthcare professionals to achieve optimal patient outcomes. By integrating the experiences and insights of operating room nurses, this work contributes to a more nuanced understanding of perioperative safety management, aiming to foster a culture of safety in surgical environments.

2304 Models of care and the role of clinical pharmacists in UK primary care for older people: findings from a scoping review

Abstract Introduction Pharmacists have traditionally worked in primary care, in the community, and with GPs. However, the role of the clinical pharmacist in primary care is evolving and there are plans to employ more clinical pharmacists in the NHS. With an ageing UK population, there is an increase in the number of people living with multiple long-term conditions, accompanied by polypharmacy, posing numerous challenges to healthcare systems. This review investigates the evidence about the varied roles and services delivered by clinical pharmacists in primary care, capturing the perspectives of health and care professionals, older adults, and their carers. Method Our scoping review followed the framework for scoping reviews in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology. A broad search was conducted in 2023 in CINAHL, Cochrane, Medline, SCOPUS, and Web of Science. We included articles that explored the landscape of clinical pharmacy services for older people in the UK, focusing on roles and services delivered, perceptions, and experiences. Results A total of 23 articles was included. These shed light on the multifaceted responsibilities of clinical pharmacists for older people. Stakeholder perspectives, including healthcare professionals and care home staff, emphasise the positive outcomes of clinical pharmacist involvement, from reducing other practitioners’ workloads to improving patient safety. However, communication gaps among the primary care team and those living with dementia, concerns about competence, and the need for clear role definitions of clinical pharmacists emerge as challenges. Conclusions and implications The review enhances our understanding of the clinical pharmacist service in the UK and identifies gaps in research evidence, emphasising the need for empirical studies on the experiences of older people with cognitive impairment and those from minority ethnic backgrounds. The findings can be used for policymaking, workforce planning, and healthcare provision to improve the services for older people in the UK.

Brain Death and the Role of the Anaesthesiologist: A Review

Brain death is a critical and complex diagnosis in the medical field, necessitating precise and methodical evaluation. Anaesthesiologists play a pivotal role in this process, ensuring that the determination of brain death is accurate and ethically sound. This review examines the criteria and protocols for diagnosing brain death, the physiological and clinical challenges involved, and the crucial contributions of anaesthesiologists. We discuss the integration of neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies, the management of potential confounders such as intoxication or hypothermia, and the importance of maintaining homeostasis in potential organ donors. The involvement of anaesthesiologists in organ donation procedures, including maintaining optimal organ function and coordinating with transplant teams, is also explored. By highlighting the multi-faceted responsibilities of anaesthesiologists in the context of brain death, this review underscores their essential role in ensuring that diagnoses are made with the highest degree of accuracy and ethical consideration.

Exploring the Experiences of Muslim Early Childhood Educators in Teaching Sexuality Education

Early childhood sexuality education is essential for safeguarding young children against inappropriate sexual content and potential abuse. This study underscores the importance of such education within the context of Muslim teachers. The primary objective of this research is to gain insights into the practical implementation of sexuality education during early childhood. The study encompasses the participation of 248 Muslim early childhood teachers. By collecting open-ended inquiries, analyzing responses verbatim, and categorizing the results, the research illuminates the multifaceted responsibilities of these teachers. Their roles include providing guidance on toileting, mitigating self-touch behaviors, addressing sexual curiosity, promoting genital health and hygiene, preventing sexual harassment, and recognizing the spectrum of gender roles. The findings highlight the urgency of developing a well-structured curriculum, fostering collaboration between parents and teachers, providing specialized teacher training, promoting a positive public perception of sexuality education, and ensuring substantial government involvement in early childhood sexual education.

Physician barriers and dilemmas in the execution of clinical trials impacting decision-making in the DAHANCA 35 proton therapy trial for head and neck cancer

BackgroundPhysicians manage multiple obligations, providing best-practice treatment and patient- centred care in the standard treatment pathway while contributing to clinical trials simultaneously. These multifaceted responsibilities may introduce barriers and dilemmas to clinical trial execution, potentially impacting the clinical trial decision- making process. This study explores physicians’ barriers and dilemmas in executing clinical trials and the impact on clinical trial decision-making. MethodQualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with experienced oncologists. Moreover, participant observations were performed during clinical encounters involving discussions about clinical trials. The analysis followed a structured approach: (1) transcription of data, (2) inductive text coding, (3) exploration of patterns, and (4) interpretation, leading to the results. The results were discussed and validated by the study participants. ResultsThe results comprise (1) a description of the clinical practice, which presents the setting of clinical trial execution; (2) results regarding physicians’ barriers and dilemmas in executing clinical trials, leading to (3) the impact on clinical trial decision- making. The results involve barriers to time constraints for clinical trial tasks, dilemmas emerging from trial requirements or deviations from standard guidelines, and challenges with providing sufficient trial communication and adequate decision-making support, balancing between a paternalistic approach and respecting patient autonomy. ConclusionThe demanding obligations of clinical practice constitute a complex setting for executing clinical trials, resulting in numerous barriers and dilemmas that impact the decision-making process in clinical trials. The study emphasises the need for tailored clinical trial decision-making interventions to facilitate supportive, informed, and non-directive clinical trial decision-making.

Exploring the Changing Landscape of the HR Role in Managing and Addressing the Unique Challenges Faced by Frontline Workers during Covid-19 Pandemic

Exploring the Changing Landscape of the HR Role in Managing and Addressing the Unique Challenges Faced by Frontline Workers during Covid-19 Pandemic

The Evolving Role of the United Nations Secretary General: A Comprehensive Appraisal

The United Nations Secretary-General embodies the aspirations and principles of the international community, serving as a symbol of global unity and advocate for the world's most vulnerable populations. Rooted in the UN Charter, the Secretary-General assumes multifaceted responsibilities spanning administrative, diplomatic, and peacemaking domains. This article provides a historical overview of the Secretary-General's evolution since the inception of the United Nations, delineating the tenure and contributions of each incumbent. Central to the analysis are the core functions of the Secretary-General, including administrative oversight, human resources management, peacekeeping operations, and mediation efforts. Notably, the Secretary-General's authority to address threats to international peace underscores the pivotal role in global security governance. Moreover, the Secretary-General serves as a liaison between the UN organs, world leaders, and member states, facilitating dialogue and consensus-building. Through meticulous examination, this paper elucidates the indispensable role of the Secretary-General in advancing the UN's mission of fostering peace, security, and sustainable development worldwide. Ultimately, it underscores the imperative of collective cooperation among member states to surmount the multifaceted challenges confronting the international community. Keywords: United Nations, Secretary-General, Appraisal of the United Nations, Appraisal of the Secretary-General, and Secretary-General of the United Nations.

The Liability of Company Board Members: A Comparative Study on Civil, Criminal, and Disciplinary Aspects

This study emphasizes the importance of corporate governance practices in providing strategic guidance for the direction and management of a company. It highlights the need for effective oversight of executive management by the board of directors and underscores the significance of holding the board of directors accountable to both the company and its shareholders. According to general principles, board members can be held responsible if they violate the law or the company's bylaws, whether their actions result in harm to the company and its shareholders or third parties. Board members may face various forms of responsibility, including civil, criminal, and disciplinary liability, depending on the circumstances. Any clause that attempts to exempt board members from liability for their actions is considered invalid, and they can only be absolved from responsibility in cases of force majeure, the fault of the aggrieved party, or actions by third parties. Therefore, this study discusses the multifaceted responsibilities of board members, encompassing civil, criminal, and disciplinary aspects.

Exploring the Role of Medical Social Workers in Teaching and Non-Teaching Hospitals: A Study on the Potential Establishment of a Department of Medical Social Work

Medical social work plays a pivotal role in ensuring comprehensive and quality healthcare delivery, particularly in hospital settings. This paper delineates the multifaceted responsibilities undertaken by medical social workers, encompassing ethical treatment, transparency in hospital management, and advocacy for the welfare of vulnerable patients. It examines the historical evolution of medical social work in India, tracing its roots to the pioneering efforts of institutions like the Dorabji Tata Graduate School of Social Work. Furthermore, it elucidates the guidelines set forth by the Medical Council of India, emphasizing the critical need for medical social workers in both rural and urban healthcare facilities. In exploring the possibility of establishing dedicated departments for medical social work, this paper proposes a complementary framework to the existing department of community medicine. By delineating the roles and responsibilities of medical social workers in rural and urban health training centers, it underscores their significance in addressing community health determinants and facilitating access to essential services. It also highlights the potential for medical social workers to contribute as multidisciplinary team members across various hospital departments, thereby amplifying their impact on patient care and rehabilitation processes. In conclusion, the paper underscores the imperative of recognizing and strengthening the role of medical social workers in healthcare delivery systems. By fostering greater awareness, professional development, and institutional support, we can harness the full potential of medical social work to promote health equity and social justice for all individuals.

The Critical Role of Middle Leaders in Schools: Cultivating a Culture of Trust and Supporting Educational Reform

This research delves into the often-underappreciated role of middle leaders in educational organizations, highlighting their significance as the linchpins between senior leadership and classroom teachers. Utilizing qualitative research methods, the study investigates the multifaceted responsibilities, challenges, and contributions of middle leaders in schools. Findings indicate that middle leaders foster a culture of trust within the institution by providing mentorship and guidance to new teachers. They undertake substantial tasks, such as team coordination, grade direction, and student supervision, in addition to their teaching duties. Despite their pivotal role, middle leaders often face mounting pressures and heavy workloads. This research underscores the need to recognize and support middle leaders in educational settings, acknowledging their vital role in fostering cohesion and facilitating the implementation of educational reforms.

The impact of electronic and self-rostering systems on healthcare organisations and healthcare workers: A mixed-method systematic review.

To synthesise evidence from studies that explored the impact of electronic and self-rostering systems to schedule staff on healthcare organisations and healthcare workers. Mixed-method systematic review. Studies were screened by two independent reviewers and data were extracted using standardised data extraction tables. The quality of studies was assessed, and parallel-results convergent synthesis was conducted. Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and PsycARTICLES were searched on January 3, 2023. Eighteen studies were included (10 quantitative descriptive studies, seven non-randomised studies and one qualitative study). Studies examined two rostering interventions including self-rostering (n = 12) and electronic rostering (n = 6). It was found that the implementation of electronic and self-rostering systems for staff scheduling impacted positively on both, healthcare workers and healthcare organisations. Benefits included enhanced roster efficiency, staff satisfaction, greater control and empowerment, improved work-life balance, higher staff retention and reduced turnover, decreased absence rates and enhanced healthcare efficiency. However, self-rostering was found to be less equitable than fixed rostering, was associated with increased overtime, and correlated with a higher frequency of staff requests for shift changes. The impact of electronic and self-rostering systems to schedule staff on healthcare organisations and healthcare workers' outcomes was predominantly positive. Further randomised controlled trials and longitudinal studies are warranted to evaluate the long-term impact of various rostering systems, including electronic and self-rostering systems. Rostering is a multifaceted responsibility for healthcare administrators, impacting patient care quality, workforce planning and healthcare expenditure. Given that healthcare staffing costs constitute a substantial portion of global healthcare expenditure, efficient and strategic resource management, inclusive of healthcare staff rostering, is imperative. The 27-item Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) checklist. No Patient or Public Contribution.

THE ROLE OF HR IN PROMOTING MENTAL HEALTH AND WELL-BEING IN HEALTHCARE SETTINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

This review delves into the critical role that Human Resources (HR) plays in fostering mental health and well-being within healthcare settings. The healthcare industry, known for its demanding and high-stakes nature, places substantial strain on the mental health of its workforce. Recognizing the impact of mental well-being on both individual performance and patient outcomes, this comprehensive review explores the multifaceted responsibilities of HR in addressing mental health challenges. The paper examines HR strategies that aim to create a supportive and healthy work environment for healthcare professionals. These strategies include the implementation of employee assistance programs, stress management initiatives, and mental health awareness campaigns. The review highlights the importance of destigmatizing mental health issues within the healthcare workforce, emphasizing HR's role in fostering a culture that encourages open communication and seeks to remove barriers to seeking help. Additionally, the paper explores HR's involvement in talent acquisition and retention, recognizing the link between job satisfaction, mental well-being, and overall staff retention in healthcare settings. It discusses recruitment practices that prioritize the holistic well-being of employees and the role of HR in developing and implementing policies that promote work-life balance. Furthermore, the review explores the incorporation of mental health training and education into HR programs, ensuring that healthcare professionals possess the necessary tools to manage stress and navigate the challenges inherent in their roles. The review concludes by underlining the need for a collaborative approach between HR professionals, healthcare leadership, and employees to create a workplace culture that prioritizes mental health, ultimately benefiting both the well-being of healthcare professionals and the quality of patient care.
 Keywords: HR, Mental Health, Healthcare, Well-being, Review, Management.

Roles of Indigenous Peoples Leaders in the Indigenization of Education: Basis for an Indigenous Peoples Education

This basic qualitative study delves into the pivotal role of Indigenous Peoples (IP) leaders in the indigenization of the curriculum, acting as the cornerstone for the development of an Indigenous Peoples Education Program. The study investigates the multifaceted responsibilities undertaken by IP leaders, assuming roles such as translators, facilitators/resource persons, coordinators, and narrators in the intricate process of curriculum development. Additionally, the research scrutinizes the various issues and challenges that these leaders encounter in fulfilling their crucial roles. Key challenges identified include a lack of awareness regarding their rights as integral members of the indigenous community, insufficient educational and training opportunities, limited access to pertinent sources for IPs, and a deficiency in knowledge, skills, and representation within the Department of Education (DepEd). These challenges underscore systemic barriers that impede the effective participation of IP leaders in the indigenization of the curriculum. In response to these findings, the study advocates for the implementation of a comprehensive Indigenous Peoples Education Program. This proposed program aims to address the identified challenges by focusing on providing education and training for IP leaders, raising awareness about their rights, and advocating for their active representation within the educational system. It is anticipated that the implementation of the recommended IP Education Program will contribute to a more inclusive, culturally sensitive, and representative curriculum that aligns with the diverse perspectives of Indigenous Peoples, fostering a harmonious coexistence between traditional knowledge and mainstream education. Keywords: Indigenous Peoples, indigenization, contextualization, IP education

Dismantling the concept of classroom management, elaboration of practices leading to T-S (teacher-student) success

Teaching stands as one of the most demanding leadership roles globally, encompassing essential aspects such as classroom management involving student organization, spatial and temporal arrangements, unforeseen behavioral challenges, and educator burnout, also termed as professional fatigue. Effective teaching practices aimed at achieving favorable student outcomes, administrative duties, and more contribute to the multifaceted responsibilities educators navigate daily. The breadth of these responsibilities underscores the crucial need for proactive management skills to navigate the ever-evolving classroom dynamics, regardless of student demographics or class orientation—be it outcome-driven or theoretical. To ensure that management practices do not hinder the success of teacher-student interactions (T-S success), teachers must develop and implement adaptable strategies suited to diverse environments, generations, and contextual factors that might provoke disruptions. This paper aims to identify prevalent practices and challenges encountered by educators concerning classroom instruction, disruptive behaviors, and physical classroom configurations. The study focuses on 9th-grade urban schools in Elbasan, Albania, comprising linguistically and culturally diverse student cohorts, aiming to extract valuable insights into effective classroom management skills. The findings underscore the importance of continuous teacher development through workshops or training sessions as an integral part of their lifelong learning journey.

DEVELOPING THE PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF FUTURE SOCIAL PEDAGOGUES THROUGH ART TECHNOLOGIES

The evolution of pedagogy necessitates a robust foundation in professional competence for future social pedagogues. This article explores the transformative potential of integrating art technologies to enhance the expertise and capabilities of aspiring social pedagogues. By examining theoretical frameworks and practical applications, this study delineates the profound impact of art-based methodologies on shaping multifaceted skills crucial for the contemporary role of social pedagogues. The analysis encompasses innovative approaches, empirical insights, and recommendations aimed at harnessing the full potential of art technologies in molding adept and responsive social pedagogical practitioners. In contemporary educational contexts, the multifaceted responsibilities of social pedagogues demand a holistic skill set encompassing empathy, critical thinking, communication, and creativity. Literature reveals the pivotal role of art technologies—encompassing visual arts, music, drama, and digital platforms—in developing these essential competencies. It underscores the transformative potential of arts-based methodologies in nurturing empathy, enhancing communication skills, fostering creativity, and fostering a holistic understanding of diverse societal challenges among aspiring social pedagogues. Advocating for the integration of art technologies in educational curricula, this article emphasizes their pivotal role in nurturing professional competence among future social pedagogues. Leveraging art-based methodologies is proposed as a fundamental approach to cultivating socially responsive and adept pedagogical practitioners for the evolving educational landscape.

Model Analysis of Civil Servant Requirement in the Human Resources Development Agency (BKPSDM) of Balikpapan City

At present, there is an ongoing assessment of competency development requirements at the organizational level within the Balikpapan City BKPSDM unit. The findings of this examination delve into the necessity for competency development at the organizational level, scrutinizing the challenges and future issues faced by BKPSDM. The analysis involves the meticulous collection of data and information pertaining to the unit's challenges. These findings serve as a foundation for evaluating the individual competency development needs of each employee based on their respective roles. To enhance the professionalism of civil servants (ASN), the government must implement strategies such as aligning Civil Servants with their respective fields of expertise to maximize productivity. Furthermore, it is imperative for the government to uphold a conducive organizational environment to mitigate external influences on ASNs. A transparent and effective recruitment system, currently operating on a merit basis, is essential. However, relying solely on the merit system is insufficient; individuals must demonstrate a willingness to embrace change and take on responsibilities with dedication. The proposed model for competent state civil servants at Balikpapan City BKPSDM is the Quantum Leadership Model, encompassing five key follower roles: strategic implementor, follower as the leader, source of information, feedback provider, and friends and partners. These roles emphasize the multifaceted responsibilities of civil servants in executing strategic initiatives, showcasing leadership qualities, providing information, offering feedback, and fostering collaborative relationships. Additionally, meeting the demands for transparency in governance underscores the need to reinforce public relations and work relations, especially in the face of global competition.

Legal Tug-of-War: The Institutional Challenges of the Domestic Prosecution of War Crimes in Ukraine

This article navigates the complexities of domestic prosecution of war crimes in Ukraine following Russia's invasion in February 2022. The unprecedented scale of atrocities has presented significant challenges to domestic prosecutors and judges in addressing the multifaceted legal landscape. The research aims to provide a nuanced understanding of various actors' roles, responsibilities, and investigations within Ukraine's national legal and judicial system.
 The article offers a comprehensive overview of the infrastructure of domestic criminal prosecution, emphasising the pivotal role played by the national legal and judicial system. It explores the accountability, methods, and investigations associated with war crimes and outlines the general challenges that Ukraine's domestic judicial prosecution system faces.
 The research unravels the intricacies of Ukraine's domestic criminal justice system and illustrates its multifaceted responsibilities and functions. By highlighting the critical role of the national legal and judicial system, the article identifies challenges that underscore the complexity of prosecuting war crimes domestically.
 The analysis reveals crucial aspects of prosecuting war crimes in Ukraine. Hurdles in navigating the legal terrain, collecting and preserving evidence, securing credible witnesses, and overcoming jurisdictional barriers underscore the need for bolstering investigative capacities and fostering international cooperation. The identified challenges highlight the imperative for enhanced training and capacity-building initiatives within the legal and judicial sectors. The overarching challenge lies in promoting a systemic shift in the legal culture, emphasising accountability for international crimes. Addressing these challenges requires a multi-faceted approach involving legal reforms, capacity-building, international collaboration, and a cultural shift towards recognising the significance of prosecuting international crimes. Ukraine can effectively pursue justice for such egregious crimes through a comprehensive strategy.

Methodical approach to the development and adoption of national documents of ukraine for determining the acceptability of innovative construction products

In a dynamic market environment, the integration of innovative products is key to the sustainable development of construction enterprises and the improvement of infrastructure. The article describes the methodical approach applied in Ukraine in the formation and adoption of national documents aimed at determining the acceptability of innovative construction products. The structured methodology emphasizes the importance of developing a new EU-oriented regulatory framework to facilitate the seamless integration of advanced technologies and materials into the construction sector. The methodology is based on the functions of the National Organization of Technical Acceptance Bodies, which has multifaceted responsibilities, including ensuring cooperation with organizations with recognized technical expertise in a particular field. Based on the experience of international organizations such as CEN and CENELEC, a funding framework is proposed that outlines six categories of cooperation. These include partnerships at different levels, interconnected organizations promoting specific technical areas, associated bodies offering comprehensive cooperation, European special interest advisers, European institutional stakeholders and other organizations with individual agreements. Cooperation takes place at two different levels, involving corporate bodies and their working or advisory groups, as well as technical committees and other standardization bodies. The focus on inclusiveness ensures that actors with specific technical knowledge, industry organizations and interest groups, including SMEs and the public, actively contribute to the standardization process. Mechanisms of financial participation are defined, distinguishing between partner organizations, affiliated organizations, associated bodies, European advisors, European institutional stakeholders and other organizations. The commissions are structured to cover administrative costs, with annual reviews to ensure compliance and fairness, and a transparent contribution structure aims to promote active participation, recognizing the different roles and contributions of different organizations to the standardization process. A methodical approach to the development and adoption of national documents in Ukraine will promote cooperation, inclusiveness and a transparent financial structure, the methodology ensures that the construction industry is well equipped to adopt and integrate innovative products, thereby contributing to the country's technological progress, economic growth and sustainable development.

Platelet and HIV Interactions and Their Contribution to Non-AIDS Comorbidities.

Platelets are anucleate cytoplasmic cell fragments that circulate in the blood, where they are involved in regulating hemostasis. Beyond their normal physiologic role, platelets have emerged as versatile effectors of immune response. During an infection, cell surface receptors enable platelets to recognize viruses, resulting in their activation. Activated platelets release biologically active molecules that further trigger host immune responses to protect the body against infection. Their impact on the immune response is also associated with the recruitment of circulating leukocytes to the site of infection. They can also aggregate with leukocytes, including lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils, to immobilize pathogens and prevent viral dissemination. Despite their host protective role, platelets have also been shown to be associated with various pathophysiological processes. In this review, we will summarize platelet and HIV interactions during infection. We will also highlight and discuss platelet and platelet-derived mediators, how they interact with immune cells, and the multifaceted responsibilities of platelets in HIV infection. Furthermore, we will give an overview of non-AIDS comorbidities linked to platelet dysfunction and the impact of antiretroviral therapy on platelet function.

Narratives of School Leadership to Support the Well-Being of Teachers in Karachi Pakistan

The teaching profession is one of the professions that leads to challenges, and these challenges impact teachers’ well-being. School leaders play a pivotal role in supporting and brightening teachers’ well-being. This research project which is based on qualitative phenomenological research, seeks to explore the narratives of primary school leaders to foster their teachers' well-being through structured interviews. School leaders belonging to various educational settings were engaged. Structured interviews were used to collect the primary data collection, for a comprehensive exploration of eight primary school leaders of District Korangi Karachi’s perceptions, experiences, challenges, and strategies to support in improve their teachers’ well-being. The main findings divulge extraordinary roles and multifaceted responsibilities of primary school leaders in nurturing the well-being of their educators. School leaders expressed and shared their experiences in providing opportunities for professional development, creating healthy positive organizational cultures, managing workloads and time management, and addressing psychological concerns. School leaders' narratives also enlighten on the ramifications of leadership in administrative challenges and demands. These narratives provide a nuanced understanding of the strategies and initiatives that support teacher well-being. Such insights are instrumental in informing policy.