Multielement Doping Research Articles

Pivotal Role of Modifiable A-Site Doping in Enhancing Valence Stability and Excited State Dynamics of MnO6.

The controlled regulation of A-site in rare earth manganate perovskites can orderly arrange the electronic states, leading to the emergence of unique transport properties. However, it is challenging to balance crystal structure stability and property variations during the multi-ion doping. In this study, a series of multivalent manganate perovskites are synthesized by hydrothermal method through the A-site multielement doping, which enables the manganese atoms with varying valence states to orderly arrange at the B site. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) confirm that the splitting of the K─O hybrid orbitals in the crystal effectively prevents any distortion of the MnO6 octahedron, thereby facilitating the ordered arrangement of Mn (III) -Mn (IV) -Mn (V) at the B-site and promoting superstructure formation. The transient absorption spectra (TAS) reveals that the sequential arrangement of Mn (III) - Mn (IV) - Mn(V) better forms the charge transfer channels, and thereby makes the photodynamic properties of the sample composition-dependent. These photodynamic properties will facilitate the study of exciton-electron coupling behavior in LCKMO crystals during electrical transport.

Study on the high-strength and high-conductivity modification mechanisms of C7035 copper alloy induced by La and Sc doping

The effects of multi-element doping on mechanical and electrical properties of C7035 copper alloy were investigated by first principles calculation and experiment based on density functional theory (DFT). The results show that the addition of lanthanum (La) significantly improves the electrical conductivity of copper alloy, mainly because the precipitated phase of lanthanum (La) has high electrical conductivity, and promotes the formation of high-density twins in 0 Cu matrix. The electrical conductivity of the C7035 alloy doped with La reaches 80.19 % of IACS, which is 44.17 % higher than that of the alloy without La. In addition, the incorporation of scandium (Sc) increased the yield strength of the alloy to 635.63 MPa, an improvement of 25.65 %, due to the excellent mechanical properties of the ScCu₄ precipitated phase. The highly conductive NiSi precipitated phase is formed by the copper alloy doped with La and Sc simultaneously. Compared with the undoped alloy, the yield strength and conductivity of the co-doped alloy are 672.27 MPa, 62.7 %, 32.89 % and 12.73 % respectively. In summary, the coupling doping of La and Sc improves the mechanical and electrical properties of C7035 copper alloy, which provides theoretical guidance for the design of high-strength and high-conductivity copper alloys.

In Situ, Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon Derived from Mixed Biomass as Ultra-High-Performance Supercapacitor.

How to address the destruction of the porous structure caused by elemental doping in biochar derived from biomass is still challenging. In this work, the in-situ nitrogen-doped porous carbons (ABPCs) were synthesized for supercapacitor electrode applications through pre-carbonization and activation processes using nitrogen-rich pigskin and broccoli. Detailed characterization of ABPCs revealed that the best simple ABPC-4 exhibited a super high specific surface area (3030.2-3147.0 m2 g-1) and plentiful nitrogen (1.35-2.38 wt%) and oxygen content (10.08-15.35 wt%), which provided more active sites and improved the conductivity and electrochemical activity of the material. Remarkably, ABPC-4 showed an outstanding specific capacitance of 473.03 F g-1 at 1 A g-1. After 10,000 cycles, its capacitance retention decreased by only 4.92% at a current density of 10 A g-1 in 6 M KOH. The assembled symmetric supercapacitor ABPC-4//ABPC-4 achieved a power density of 161.85 W kg-1 at the maximum energy density of 17.51 Wh kg-1 and maintained an energy density of 6.71 Wh kg-1 when the power density increased to 3221.13 W kg-1. This study provides a mixed doping approach to achieve multi-element doping, offering a promising way to apply supercapacitors using mixed biomass.

High energy storage performance of KNN-based relaxor ferroelectrics in multiphase-coexisted superparaelectric state

Although K0.5Na0.5NbO3 (KNN) possesses large maximum polarization and relatively high breakdown strength, the large remnant polarization constrains their practical applications as energy storage materials. In this work, through multi-element doping, (K0.5−0.5xNa0.5−0.5xBix)(Nb1−xSn0.2xZn0.6xTa0.2x)O3 relaxor ferroelectrics were prepared. As the superparaelectric states (SPE) were adjusted to room temperature, orthorhombic, tetragonal, and cubic phases coexisted, accompanied by the highly dynamic polar nanoregions (PNRs). In particular, a high recoverable energy storage density of 4.5 J/cm3 and an energy storage efficiency of 83% were achieved for the x = 0.125 ceramic, with the variations less than 11% and 4%, respectively, in the wide temperature range of 20–180 °C. These results demonstrate that the multiphase PNRs in the SPE state is an effective strategy for improving the energy storage performance of KNN-based ceramics.

Enhancing P2/O3 Biphasic Cathode Performance for Sodium-Ion Batteries: A Metaheuristic Approach to Multi-Element Doping Design.

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as a compelling alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), exhibiting comparable electrochemical performance while capitalizing on the abundant availability of sodium resources. In SIBs, P2/O3 biphasic cathodes, despite their high energy, require furthur improvements in stability to meet current energy demands. This study introduces a systematic methodology that leverages the meta-heuristically assisted NSGA-II algorithm to optimize multi-element doping in electrode materials, aiming to transcend conventional trial-and-error methods and enhance cathode capacity by the synergistic integration of P2 and O3 phases. A comprehensive phase analysis of the meta-heuristically designed cathode material Na0.76Ni0.20Mn0.42Fe0.30Mg0.04Ti0.015Zr0.025O2 (D-NFMO) is presented, showcasing its remarkable initial reversible capacity of 175.5mAh g-1 and exceptional long-term cyclic stability in sodium cells. The investigation of structural composition and the stabilizing mechanisms is performed through the integration of multiple characterization techniques.Remarkably, the irreversible phase transition of P2→OP4 in D-NFMO is observed to be dramatically suppressed, leading to a substantial enhancement in cycling stability. The comparison with the pristine cathode (P-NFMO) offers profound insights into the long-term electrochemical stability of D-NFMO, highlighting its potential as a high-voltage cathode material utilizing abundant earth elements in SIBs. This study opens up new possibilities for future advancements in sodium-ion battery technology.

Preparation and thermal/dielectric properties of medium/high entropy perovskite titanate ceramics

High-entropy ceramics have garnered significant attention in recent years owing to their exceptional properties and structural diversity. In this work, single-phase medium/high entropy ceramics, namely (Ca0.2Sr0.4Ba0.4)(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3 and (Ca0.2Sr0.4Ba0.4)(Zr0.1Ti0.9)O3, were successfully designed and prepared utilizing Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). A comprehensive investigation was conducted into the phase structure, microscopic morphology, dielectric properties, and thermal behavior of these ceramics. It was observed that all ceramics maintained a cubic perovskite structure (space group: Pm3‾m), and the introduction of multi-element doping rendered them more stable across a wide frequency and temperature range. Notably, (Ca0.2Sr0.4Ba0.4)(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3 exhibited remarkably low dielectric loss (0.0001 at 1 kHz) at room temperature, along with excellent dielectric temperature stability (25–400 °C). By reducing the zirconium concentration in (Ca0.2Sr0.4Ba0.4)(Zr0.1Ti0.9)O3, a slight decrease in dielectric temperature stability was observed (25–350 °C); however, it demonstrated lower thermal conductivity (0.41 W/(m·K), 1200 °C) and maintained good high-temperature stability. The discovery highlights the promising practicality of both ceramics for high-temperature dielectric applications.

Study on the Effect of Sn, In, and Se Co-Doping on the Thermoelectric Properties of GeTe.

GeTe and Ge0.99-xIn0.01SnxTe0.94Se0.06 (x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.06) samples were prepared by vacuum synthesis combined with spark plasma sintering (SPS). The thermoelectric properties of GeTe were coordinated by multiple doping of Sn, In, and Se. In this work, a maximum zT(zT = S2σT/κ) of 0.9 and a power factor (PF = S2σ) of 3.87 μWmm-1 K-2 were obtained in a sample of Ge0.99In0.01Te0.94Se0.06 at 723K. The XRD results at room temperature show that all samples are rhombohedral phase structures. There is a peak (~27°) of the Ge element in GeTe and the sample (x = 0), but it disappears after Sn doping, indicating that Sn doping can promote the dissolution of Ge. The scattering mechanism of the doped samples was calculated by the conductivity ratio method. The results show that phonon scattering Is dominant in all samples, and alloy scattering is enhanced with the increase in the Sn doping amount. In doping can introduce resonance energy levels and increase the Seebeck coefficient, and Se doping can introduce point defects to suppress phonon transmission and reduce lattice thermal conductivity. Therefore, the thermoelectric properties of samples with x = 0 improved. Although Sn doping will promote the dissolution of Ge precipitation, the phase transition of the samples near 580 K deteriorates the thermoelectric properties. The thermoelectric properties of Sn-doped samples improved only at room temperature to ~580 K compared with pure GeTe. The synergistic effect of multi-element doping is a comprehensive reflection of the interaction between elements rather than the sum of all the effects of single-element doping.

Multi-element doped hexagonal sheet Ni/Mn-based layered oxide with ZrO2 surface modification for sodium ion batteries cathode with high capacity and good cycle/air stability

Ni/Mn-based layered oxides have been widely studied for sodium ion battery cathode because of high capacity and simple preparation. However, its application has been restricted owing to unstable structure and poor cycling performance. Herein, the multi-element doped hexagonal sheet Ni/Mn-based layered oxide with ZrO2 surface modification O3-NaNi0.3Mn0.5-xFe0.1Cu0.1ZrxO2@ZrO2 (NFMCZ-x) cathode materials have been successfully synthesize by high temperature calcination method accompanied by ball milling activation. XRD refinement results show Zr4+ substitution of Mn3+ can increase interlayer distance of sodium layer. Benefiting from the synergetic effect of multi-element doping and ZrO2 surface modification, the optimized NFMCZ-0.03 sample exhibits a higher discharge capacity of 178 mAh/g at 0.1C and good capacity retention (77 % after 50 cycles at 2C). Furthermore, NFMCZ-0.03 has an excellent air stability with a capacity retention rate of 86 % during 50 cycles at 1C after being exposed in the air for 20 days. The ex-situ XRD results of NMFC at different charge/discharge voltages show Zr4+ doping can suppress O3 + P3′'–O3′-O3 + P3′' phase transition during charge/discharge process. These results confirm that synergistic effect of multi-doping combined with surface modification can improve electrochemical performance of layered oxides cathodes, which provides a research idea for development of Ni/Mn-based layered oxides cathodes for sodium-ion batteries.

Optimization of Thermoelectric Properties of SnTe via Multi-element Doping

Optimization of Thermoelectric Properties of SnTe <i>via</i> Multi-element Doping

Exchange stiffness proportional to power of magnetization in permalloy co-doped with Mo and Cu

The exchange stiffness of magnetic materials is one of the essential parameters governing magnetic texture and its dynamics in magnetic devices. The effect of single-element doping on exchange stiffness has been investigated for several doping elements for permalloy (NiFe alloy), a soft magnetic material whose soft magnetic properties can be controlled by doping. However, the impact of more practical multi-element doping on the exchange stiffness of permalloy is unknown. This study investigates the typical magnetic properties, including exchange stiffness, of permalloy systematically co-doped with Mo and Cu using broadband ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy. We find that the exchange stiffness, which decreases with increasing doping levels, is proportional to a power of magnetization, which also decreases with increasing doping levels. The magnetization, Ms, dependence of the exchange stiffness constant, A, of all the investigated samples, irrespective of the doping levels of each element, lies on a single curve expressed as A ∝ Msn with exponent n close to 2. This empirical power-law relationship provides a guideline for predicting unknown exchange stiffness in non-magnetic element-doped permalloy systems.

High Entropy-Induced Kinetics Improvement and Phase Transition Suppression in K-Ion Battery Layered Cathodes.

Layered oxides are widely accepted to be promising cathode candidate materials for K-ion batteries (KIBs) in terms of their rich raw materials and low price, while their further applications are restricted by sluggish kinetics and poor structural stability. Here, the high-entropy design concept is introduced into layered KIB cathodes to address the above issues, and an example of high-entropy layered K0.45Mn0.60Ni0.075Fe0.075Co0.075Ti0.10Cu0.05Mg0.025O2 (HE-KMO) is successfully prepared. Benefiting from the high-entropy oxide with multielement doping, the developed HE-KMO exhibits half-metallic oxide features with a narrow bandgap of 0.19 eV. Increased entropy can also reduce the surface energy of the {010} active facets, resulting in about 2.6 times more exposure of the {010} active facets of HE-KMO than the low-entropy K0.45MnO2 (KMO). Both can effectively improve the kinetics in terms of electron conduction and K+ diffusion. Furthermore, high entropy can inhibit space charge ordering during K+ (de)insertion, and the transition metal-oxygen covalent interaction of HE-KMO is also enhanced, leading to suppressed phase transition of HE-KMO in 1.5-4.2 V and better electrochemical stability of HE-KMO (average capacity drop of 0.20%, 200 cycles) than the low-entropy KMO (average capacity drop of 0.41%, 200 cycles) in the wide voltage window.

Functionally separated electronic band engineering via multi-element doping plus high-density defects advances board-temperature-range thermoelectric performance in GeTe

GeTe has attracted widespread attention as an ideal mid-temperature thermoelectric (TE) material, but its peak performance within a narrow mid-temperature range limits the conversion efficiency improvement of future TE devices. Here, to achieve the overall enhancement of GeTe over a broad temperature range, especially near room temperature, we demonstrate the functionally separated electronic band engineering strategy (resonance energy levels and band convergence) coupling the construction of high-density defects by designing multi-element SnSe-In-Sb co-doping. Fundamentally, to distinguish the functions of selected elements, it was found that SnSe alloying mainly promotes the band convergence of GeTe in elevated temperatures, In doping can create the resonance energy level for enhancing the TE performance near room temperature, and Sb can optimize symmetry and the overall carrier concentration, thereby jointly improving the effective mass and Seebeck coefficient. Moreover, the construction of various phonon scattering centers including high-density Ge micro/nano-precipitates, van der Waals gaps, dislocations, and strong stress fields, strongly inhibits phonon transport. Benefiting from these synergistic effects, a peak ZT of ∼ 2.0 at 653 K, ZTave of ∼ 1.2 in the range from 303 to 803 K, and Vickers microhardness of ∼ 234 Hv are obtained in (Ge0.91In0.01Sb0.08Te)0.98(SnSe)0.02 sample. This study demonstrates a promising strategy to optimize thermoelectric performance by selectively co-doping functionally separated elements for developing high-performance TE materials.

TiO2 nanotube arrays-based photoelectrocatalyst: Tri-Doping engineering and carbon coating engineering boosting visible activity, and stable hydrogen evolution

The integration of non-metallic doping and carbon coating for TiO2-based photoelectrocatalysts can be recognized as a promising strategy to enhance their hydrogen production performance. To this end, this study explored the carbon coating engineering to induce stable multi-element doping with an aim to develop high-performance TiO2 nanotube array-based photoelectrocatalysts. The resulting structures consisted of carbon–nitrogen-sulfur-tri-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays with a nitrogen-sulfur-codoped carbon coating (CNS-TNTA/NSC). The fabrication process involved a one-step, low-cost strategy of the carbon-coated tridoped reaction confined in vacuum space, utilizing polymer thiourea sealed in a controlled environment. Compared the photocurrent density of CNS-TNTA/NSC with pristine TNTA, the photocurrent enhancement of approximately 18.3-fold under simulated sunlight and a remarkable increase of 32.8-fold under simulated visible light conditions. The enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light was ascribed to two factors: First, C, N, and S tri-doping and Ti3+ created a diverse array of impurity energy levels within the band gap, which synergistically narrowed the band gap and further enhanced response to the visible light range. Second, the presence of a carbon coating shell doped with N and S can greatly promote electron transfer and efficient electron-hole pair separation. This study could provide significant insights concerning the design of sophisticated photoanodes.

Nanoflower-like hollow NiMnCo-OH decorated with self-assembled 2D Ti3C2Tx for high-efficiency hybrid supercapacitors

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have gained awareness as promising energy materials due to their high electrochemical activity and tunable interlayer characteristics. However, inherent drawbacks limit them to achieve high capacitance. Introducing complementors with high conductivity and stability is an effective strategy for addressing these challenging issues. Therefore, we employed a simple and controllable method to synthesize nanoflower-like hollow NiMnCo-OH@MXene (NMCM) composites by multi-element doping and electrostatic self-assembly strategies. The MXene nanosheets formed a three-dimensional (3D) conductive network, which increased stability and promoted fast charge transport at interfaces. At the same time, the heterogeneous ternary hydroxides inhibited MXene aggregation and provided considerable capacitance. The NMCM showed ultra-long cycling stability of 91.7% after 5000 cycles at 5 A g−1 (compared to the initial specific capacitance) and achieved a capacitance capacity of 232.37 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 in a three-electrode device. Furthermore, under 800 W kg−1 power density, the NMCM//Ti3C2 asymmetric device showed an impressive energy density of 54.1 Wh kg−1. This work demonstrates a simple and successful strategy for creating high-performance energy storage devices based on 3D hollow framework electrodes.

High-affinity fluoride ions absorbent from TiO2-based ionic liquid pyridinium propylsulfonate

The development of materials for high efficiency removal of fluoride ions (F-) from sewage water remains a significant challenge. Unfortunately, traditional metal oxide adsorbents remove F-, but suffer from poor adsorption capacity and generate secondary pollution due to byproducts. To solve this problem, a highly-efficient and recyclable F- adsorbent with rich pore structure (BET specific surface area of 172.15 m2·g−1) was developed by multi-element doping strategy. The F- adsorbent was composed of TiO2 as substrate and ionic liquid pyridinium propylsulfonate as doping. This absorbent displayed good F- adsorption capacity (qmax = 224.11 mg∙g−1, 298 K), which operated through single molecule complex adsorption mechanism, outperformed many commercial adsorbents, and it also exhibited satisfactory adsorption kinetics for improving the efficiency of water treatment. Interestingly, the porous adsorbent had excellent regeneration potential (maintaining more than 70 % F- removal efficiency after 5 cycles of adsorption and desorption) and practical ability in complex water environments of tap water, lake and river. More importantly, a fixed-bed for F- adsorption was designed to simulate the equipment of sewage treatment plant. The breakthrough time and saturation time obtained by fixed-bed experiments proved the practical application value of this novel adsorbent. Most strikingly, the cost estimate showed that the economic feasibility and practical promotion potential of the renewable, continuous and efficient F- wastewater purification system using the novel absorbent were remarkable. This innovative approach showcases a viable solution for addressing F- removal and water treatment.

Multi-Element Doping Boosts a Layered Metal Oxide Electrode for Superior Water Oxidation

More than precisely controlling the active species to optimize the binding with reaction intermediates, applying lab-designed electrocatalysts for practical water electrolysis requires overcoming limitations of mass and electron transports, which are however difficult to achieve by a single strategy. Here, based on a category of layered cobalt oxides (ACoO2, A = alkali metal), we report a multi-element doping method to favor the in-situ reconstruction of more-active species during water oxidation, boost the electronic conductivities, and extend the potential range of kinetic currents. Specifically, various doping elements including both cationic and anionic ones were screened experimentally for ACoO2 and the composition of LiCo1-x-y-zNixFeyPdzO2 was identified with the optimal catalytic properties. Compared with common cobalt oxides and (oxy)hydroxides, LiCo1-x-y-zNixFeyPdzO2 regulated the in-situ catalyst reconstruction during both room- and high-temperature water oxidation, and boosted electronic conductivity by 2-4 orders of magnitudes. Consequently, LiCo1-x-y-zNixFeyPdzO2 outperformed RuO2, Co3O4, α- and β-Co(OH)2 by delivering an anion exchange membrane water electrolysis current density of 1 A cm-2 at about 1.75 V, and showed little degradation during the 500-hour stability test. This work represents a step forward in rationally boosting the catalytic properties of anode materials for practical membrane water electrolysis.

Microstructure and Wear Resistance of High-Chromium Cast Iron with Multicomponent Carbide Coating via Laser Cladding

High-chromium cast iron (HCCI) coatings with multicomponent carbides were prepared on low-alloy steel substrates using a laser cladding technique in this work. The microstructure and wear resistance of the coatings were characterized via optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and block-on-ring wear testing. Multicomponent carbides (Ti, Nb, Mo, W, V)C with an FCC structure and multicomponent compounds (Nb, Mo, W, V) (B,C) with an FCC structure were found in the microstructures of coatings after multielement doping. In addition, (Cr, Mo, W, V)23C6 compounds could be obtained by heat treatment. These multicomponent compounds were beneficial for obtaining coatings with an excellent hardness (60 HRC) and high wear resistance. This multielement doping method provides an effective modified method for preparing high-wear-resistance laser cladding coatings.

Slight Multielement Doping-Induced Structural Order-Disorder Transition for High-Performance Layered Na-Ion Oxide Cathodes.

To realize concurrently the high-energy density and excellent cycling stability, maximum utilization of redox couple, minimization of detrimental phase transition, and structural degradation of O3-type layered oxide cathodes are critical for developing Na-ion batteries. Ni2+/Ni4+ redox couple showing multielectron reaction and higher redox potential is favorable to increase the energy density. However, the Jahn-Teller distortion of Ni3+ generated upon (dis)charging results in a strong anisotropy in the local crystal structure that causes irreversible interlayer bending and chemo-mechanical cracks of the cathode particles, compromising the electrochemical properties eventually. In this work, we show a slight multielement doping strategy that enlarges the amount of active redox components while minimizing the inactive contents. The results show that the uniform distribution of multiple components can help increase the disorder degree of atom arrangement and alleviate the structural changes and detrimental anisotropy cracks. As a proof of concept, a multielement-doped O3-type Na0.9Ni0.25Cu0.05Mg0.05Zn0.05Fe0.05Al0.05Mn0.40Ti0.05Sn0.05O2 oxide is rationally prepared that presents better chemo-mechanical stability and delayed O3-P3 phase transition behavior. Compared to the high Ni-content Na0.9Ni0.35Fe0.2Mn0.45O2 cathode, this as-prepared multielement material delivers a reversible capacity of about 120 mAh/g in the voltage range of 2-4.0 V, superior cycling stability with 90% of capacity retention after 500 cycles, and excellent rate capability (more than 70% of initial capacity at 5.0 C). This work indicates that the multielement doping method is highly suitable for the development of advanced Na-ion layered oxide cathodes.

Multi-element doping induced transition metal disordered layered oxide for rapid and stable potassium storage

Layered transition metal oxides are highly desirable cathode materials for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) because of their considerable theoretical capacity and high output voltage. However, the ordered structure of these oxides limits K+ transport kinetics and the stability of the layered structure, resulting in poor rate and cycling performance. Here, a novel disordered Mn-based quinary transition metal oxide cathode, K0.7Fe0.05Co0.1Mn0.75Ni0.05V0.05O2, was developed for use in high-performance PIBs. The designed K0.7Fe0.05Co0.1Mn0.75Ni0.05V0.05O2 is a completely disordered transition metal that exhibits excellent rate capability (77.39 mA h g−1 at 1000 mA g−1) and long cycle life (∼70.3% capacity retention at 1000 mA g−1 after 500 cycles). The kinetics of the facilitated electrode process was demonstrated by density functional theory calculations, where the disordering of transition metals effectively reduces the energy barrier of K+ migration while increasing the electronic conductivity. In situ X-ray diffraction verifies the highly reversible structural evolution during potassium insertion/extraction, achieving an ultra-low volume change (0.65%). The enhanced performance is attributed to a larger d-spacing and stronger metal–oxygen bond. Such results substantiate that multi-element doping to induce quinary disordered transition metals is an efficient strategy to enhance the electrochemical performance of layered oxides and provide a new guideline for the design of advanced PIBs.

Multielement Doped Barium Strontium Titanate Nanomaterials as Capacitors

Due to the growing demand of energy and wastage of energy, there exists an interest of storing energy so that it could be utilized efficiently. Capacitors are materials designed for such an application. Ferroelectric materials are known for their application as capacitors. Of such materials, perovskites are the preferable classes of materials that have been used as capacitors. Barium strontium titanate nanomaterial is a member of perovskites which encompasses a smaller dielectric loss, elevated dielectric constant, and good thermal stability. Research studies also clarified that incorporating dopants into a barium strontium titanate nanomaterial of high dielectric materials including metal/metal oxides enhances their efficiency and effectiveness. Moreover, multielement doping or codoping has shown better dielectric properties as compared to the unidoping of BST. In this review, barium strontium titanate capacitors codoped with more than one metal/metal oxides have been studied most of which have shown that the codoped barium strontium titanate materials possess improved and sufficient dielectric properties to be utilized as capacitors. We believe that this work will have of its own contribution on understanding the doped barium strontium titanate nanomaterial by clarifying the most probable and detail reasons behind the enhancement of dielectric properties of codoped barium strontium titanate nanomaterials.