Multidisciplinary Subject Research Articles

A construção da ideia de paisagem na e da imagem: uma trajetória da representação da paisagem na história da arte, da antiguidade ao romantismo

Investigating the concept of landscape through its representation is a multidisciplinary theme that can reveal much of the human trajectory and how it relates to, perceives, and interferes with its surroundings. The investigation proposed here aims to point out possibilities of analysis from the selection of some pieces of art, and paintings, in which the landscape is represented, either as a background, either as the main theme or in dialogue with the other elements. The way it appears highlighted, its colors, compositional relationships, and other elements are fundamental to understanding how the category of landscape would perceive, understood, and represented. In the end, it is possible to understand it as part of a text not only in what could be readily seen but beyond it. For this, the images were from Panosfsky’s Iconography and Iconology, extrapolating it also in the light of Cassirer, supported by Cosgrove’s geographical reflections, especially in his book ‘Palladian Landscape’.

Microgels react to force: mechanical properties, syntheses, and force-activated functions.

Microgels are colloidal polymer networks with high molar mass and properties between rigid particles, flexible macromolecules, and micellar aggregates. Their unique stimuli-responsiveness in conjunction with their colloidal phase behavior render them useful for many applications ranging from engineering to biomedicine. In many scenarios either the microgel's mechanical properties or its interactions with mechanical force play an important role. Here, we firstly explain microgel mechanical properties and how these are measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM), then we equip the reader with the synthetic background to understand how specific architectures and chemical functionalities enable these mechanical properties, and eventually we elucidate how the interaction of force with microgels can lead to the activation of latent functionality. Since the interaction of microgels with force is a multiscale and multidisciplinary subject, we introduce and interconnect the different research areas that contribute to the understanding of this emerging field in this Tutorial Review.

Siting of Healthcare Care Facilities Based on the Purpose of Their Operation, Demographic Changes, Environmental Characteristics, and the Impact on Public Health

A contemporary approach to the spatial design of healthcare care facilities faces numerous challenges at the crossroads of multidisciplinary topics of architecture and urbanism, healthcare, security, and organisational sciences. Due to the unique combination of uses, users and architectural expression, they are defined as urban nodes. With their inclusion, architects facilitate a better placing of healthcare facilities, indirectly improving human health. The purpose of the article is to seek guidelines for the siting of healthcare facilities to provide suitable and equal healthcare to different social structures, and for the optimal and fair spatial distribution of healthcare services. The descriptive method was used to review literature on the siting of healthcare facilities based on the purpose of their operation, demographic changes, environmental characteristics, and the impact on public health. This method was selected as it facilitates data acquisition from various sources and a comprehensive understanding of the topic discussed. The results of the research show how important the impact of the healthcare care facilities siting on human health and the wider social significance of the topic discussed is. The findings may provide guidelines and proposals for future spatial decisions.

Design of solar powered electric vehicle

With the increased trends of industrialization and global economic growth leading to the everchanging petrol prices and other price hikes, private transport system has become a costly affair. All these problems can be addressed with innovation. One of the most feasible solutions is turning towards renewable energies to solve the issues i.e., increasing the use of renewable energies like solar power in the place of fossil fuels. Everyone’s dream of owning a commercially viable solar vehicle is slowly becoming a reality. Electric vehicles are now available at an affordable price. This opportunity is taken towards the design of a Solar powered two-wheeler. Designing a solar vehicle is a multidisciplinary subject that covers the broad and complex aspects from various subjects. In the designed vehicle, solar panel is used as the power source and developed voltage, stored in the battery, is used to the drive the permanent magnet DC motor which drives the rear wheel of the vehicle.

Tourism Research is an Academic Field or a Multidisciplinary Subject, a Systematic Literature Review on Theoretical Development in Tourism Research

The relatively short history of tourism research is characterized by an ongoing debate on whether tourism is an independent academic field or an independent field of research with sole characteristics. In scientific research, tourism has been approached by different disciplines using different theoretical backgrounds and methods. That could conclude that tourism, lacking its theory and method, is merely a research object. This study is formulating the overall theoretical development of tourism research. For this purpose, two reputed databases, web of science and Scopus, are select to review the literature. Quality assessment criteria of inclusion and exclusion are followed by PRISMA statement 2015 for better results. The final 47 studies are selected after the comprehensive process. The classification of literature is a critical phase, and theories are used in tourism research are discussed in detail, and social exchange theory, theory of planned behavior, and tourism theories are more commonly discussed in the literature. The bibliometric analysis is done to find the collaborations on citations and co-occurrence of the author's keyword in the literature used. Finally, the study's findings show that tourism research is about the theories that are the focus of the literature. The surfacing of the literature is strongly recommended that the tourism research is individual discipline.

170 Effectiveness of On-line Webinars for Delivering Extension Education to Beef Producers Throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, all in-person Extension programs in Kentucky were canceled in March 2020. In order to continue reaching beef producers, a webinar series was developed. The initial series was eight weekly evening sessions. Sessions were streamed live on a video meeting and social media platform and were recorded for future viewing. Programs consisted of a presentation followed by a question-and-answer session, covering multi-disciplinary topics related to beef management. Following each session, participants were asked to complete a survey to gauge the effectiveness of the programs using a series of questions with responses on a 5-point Likert scale. The average number of responses was 17 and ranged from 4–31 respondents per session. Knowledge level before and after the presentation was asked for a given topic to assess the increase in subject awareness/understanding (1: not very knowledgeable; 5: very knowledgeable). The average response across all respondents (n = 138) for pre-program knowledge was 2.98, and the average response post-program was 4.37. This represented a 46.6% change across all topics covered in the post-attendance surveys. The most common age demographic represented by survey respondents was 50–59 years of age, and 84% of respondents reported previously participating in a webinar. Participants were asked to evaluate the webinar technology in terms of its ease of access (1: not very easy; 5: very easy), and the average response was 4.64. Participants were asked to evaluate the material presented in each session for its usefulness (1: not very useful; 5- very useful), and the average response was 4.71. When asked if the webinar was an effective use of time (1: not very useful; 5: very useful), the average response was 4.8. Overall, webinars were an effective means of delivering Extension education related to beef cattle management in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Identifying the Characteristics of Virtual Reality Gamification for Complex Educational Topics

Multidisciplinary topics in education pose a major challenge for traditional learning and teaching methods. Such topics can deter students from selecting particular courses or hinder their study progress. This study focused on the subject of medicinal chemistry, which is a discipline combining medicine and chemistry. This combination of applied and basic science creates a complex field of education that is challenging to both teach and learn. Chemical and pharmacological principles are typically presented in 2D molecular structures and, recently, 3D molecular models have been utilized to improve the visualization of chemical compounds and their chemical interactions. Contemporary studies have presented Virtual Reality (VR) as an alternative method for improving the learning and teaching of multidisciplinary specialties such as this. However, current educational efforts employing VR offer limited interactivity and a traditional teaching method previously presented in 2D. This reduces students’ interest and concentration in the taught subjects. This paper presents the development rationale of a novel VR educational application based on the evaluation of the user requirements by 405 pharmacy undergraduate students. The results informed the development and preliminary evaluation of a proposed VR serious game application, which was deployed in a real-life class environment and evaluated in contrast to traditional teaching methods by 15 students. The derived results confirmed the advantages of VR technology as a learning and teaching tool, in addition to the end-users’ willingness to adopt VR systems as a learning aid.

Editorial to the Special Issue “The Casimir Effect: From a Laboratory Table to the Universe”

This Special Issue presents a comprehensive picture of the Casimir effect as a multidisciplinary subject that plays an important role in diversified areas of physics ranging from quantum field theory, atomic physics and condensed matter physics to elementary particle physics, gravitation and cosmology [...]

Alvarez waves in pregnancy: a comprehensive review.

Alvarez waves are local rhythmic contractions of the myometrium with high frequency and low intensity. They can be detected using internal or external tocography and electrohysterography. Some researchers correlate these small contractions with the initiation of labor, since they have been described as a pattern representing the uterine response to prostaglandin production. Other authors either do not validate a causality relation between Alvarez waves and labor or suggest that they have low predictive value for preterm labor. Alvarez waves' research has become a multidisciplinary subject with inputs ranging from medical science, biomedical engineering, and related areas. A comprehensive review is herein conducted to summarize the state of the art regarding Alvarez waves and their role in the initiation of labor, namely in preterm birth. The results show that a large number of studies have analyzed and characterized Alvarez waves without necessarily digging into their relationship with labor. Publications were categorized in three groups: (A) reports about morphology and characterization of Alvarez waves; (B) publications reporting a positive causality relation between Alvarez waves and labor; and (C) publications reporting an absence of causality regarding the previous hypothesis. Studies in group B outnumbered those in group C. A critical analysis is presented.

140-LB: Improving Translation of Diabetes Management Practices in Community Primary Care

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of using an innovative workforce development model, Project ECHO (Extension for Community Health Outcomes), to improve knowledge and self-efficacy around diabetes management practices among PCPs serving urban, under-resourced communities in the Chicago area. Methods: The Project ECHO model was applied to the management of medically and socially complex diabetes. For this series, a multidisciplinary subject matter expert team met with 30 PCPs from 12 health centers across the Chicago area for 17 weekly videoconferencing telementoring sessions. PCPs completed knowledge tests and self-efficacy surveys prior to the first session. During each hourly session, after a short didactic, PCPs presented de-identified patient cases for discussion and received evidence-based guidance and mentorship with a focus on individualized care. After series completion, PCPs repeated surveys. Post-program semi-structured interviews were conducted. Results: Increase in self-efficacy for treating complex diabetes reached the goal of 10% (p=.0007); the percentage of knowledge questions answered correctly increased from 39% to 62% (p<.0001). Participants reported increased comfort with and use of newer therapeutic agents. Participants reported taking the complicated psychosocial contexts of patients more in mind and adapting treatment regimens accordingly. One participant noted: “I was able to pick up pointers on how to talk to patients and how to motivate them asking the right questions about what is challenging for you, what can we do, and offer treatment, offer support accordingly.” Conclusion: Among PCPs serving under-resourced communities in the Chicago area, ECHO-Chicago: Complex Diabetes improved confidence and knowledge in complex diabetes management. Interviews demonstrate changes in clinical practices. Continued application of the ECHO model to medically and socially complex diabetes care is likely to be useful in under-resourced communities. Disclosure C. C. Thomas: None. M. E. Peek: None. C. Paul: None. M. Allison: None. A. Heilbrun: None. S. Tilmon: None. R. Thompson: None. D. P. Thomas: None. D. C. Johnson: None. Funding Chicago Center for Diabetes Translation Research

Dual-locked spectroscopic probes for sensing and therapy.

Optical imaging probes allow us to detect and uncover the physiological and pathological functions of an analyte of interest at the molecular level in a non-invasive, longitudinal manner. By virtue of simplicity, low cost, high sensitivity, adaptation to automated analysis, capacity for spatially resolved imaging and diverse signal output modes, optical imaging probes have been widely applied in biology, physiology, pharmacology and medicine. To build a reliable and practically/clinically relevant probe, the design process often encompasses multidisciplinary themes, including chemistry, biology and medicine. Within the repertoire of probes, dual-locked systems are particularly interesting as a result of their ability to offer enhanced specificity and multiplex detection. In addition, chemiluminescence is a low-background, excitation-free optical modality and, thus, can be integrated into dual-locked systems, permitting crosstalk-free fluorescent and chemiluminescent detection of two distinct biomarkers. For many researchers, these dual-locked systems remain a 'black box'. Therefore, this Review aims to offer a 'beginner's guide' to such dual-locked systems, providing simple explanations on how they work, what they can do and where they have been applied, in order to help readers develop a deeper understanding of this rich area of research.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN COMPUTER VISION

Computer vision is an area of research concerned with assisting computers in seeing. Computer vision issues aim to infer something about the world from observed picture data at the most abstract level. It is a multidisciplinary subject that may be loosely classified as a branch of artificial intelligence and machine learning, both of which may include using specific techniques and using general-purpose learning methods. As an interdisciplinary field of research, it may seem disorganized, with methods taken and reused from various engineering and computer science disciplines. While one specific vision issue may be readily solved with a hand-crafted statistical technique, another may need a vast and sophisticated ensemble of generic machine learning algorithms. Computer vision as a discipline is at the cutting edge of science. As with any frontier, it is thrilling and chaotic, with often no trustworthy authority to turn to. Numerous beneficial concepts lack a theoretical foundation, and some theories are rendered ineffective in reality; developed regions are widely dispersed, and often one seems totally unreachable from the other.

A preliminary study on the distribution and morphology of microplastics in the coastal areas of Istanbul, the metropolitan city of Turkey: The effect of location differences

Microplastics (MP) pollution has emerged in the last 10 years as an interesting topic of research worldwide. However, microplastic pollution is a new multidisciplinary subject that encompasses many unknowns and enters different fields of science. Research carried out in Turkey on the subject is quite limited and remained on a small scale covering only several stations most of the time.This paper aims to study microplastics distribution, type, and color in 43 stations within the Marmara Sea. The novelty of this work is due to the selection of the stations which cover marine (MRN), pier (PIER), stream (STR), sea discharge (SD), and deep-sea discharge (DSD) stations. The effect of the seawater physicochemical characteristics on microplastics distribution was statistically studied using the Pearson's product momentum correlation coefficient. The highest microplastics abundance was for pier stations (3497.02 particle/km2) and the lowest was for marine stations (276.1857 particle/km2).

Are we providing the evidence?

The author reflects on issues in palliative care nursing worldwide as of April 2021, particularly on whether nurses are providing support to high-quality, multi-disciplinary research Topics include paediatric palliative care, guidelines for the management of chronic pain in children, and the need to ensure nursing practices should be evidence-based to provide the best possible care

Advanced Mathematics and Computational Applications in Control Systems Engineering

Control-systems engineering is a multidisciplinary subject that applies automatic-control theory to design systems with desired behaviors in control environments [...]

Flight Simulation Training Devices: Application, Classification, and Research

Safe and efficient training using flight simulation training devices (FSTD) is one of the fundamental components of training in the commercial, military, and general aviation. When compared with the live training, the most significant benefits of ground trainers include improved safety and the reduced cost of a pilot training process. Flight simulation is a multidisciplinary subject that relies on several research disciplines which have a tendency to be investigated separately and in parallel with each other. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the research within the FSTD domain with a motivation to highlight contributions from separate research topics from a general aspect, which is necessary as FSTD is a complex man–machine system. Application areas of FSTD usage are addressed, and the terminology used in the literature is discussed. Identification, classification, and overview of major research fields in the FSTD domain are presented. Specific characteristics of FSTD for fighter aircraft are discussed separately.

Contemporary Concerns and Challenges in Higher Education: Some Reflection on Humanities

Education is plays a huge role in our life.Education is also considered as a very essential basic element like food, shelter and cloth.Modern welfare states through its functionaries it give more importance to provide education to peoples of the country.Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits. It should be transformed to the needs of the time and changing scenario of the world. It provides an opportunity to critically reflect upon the social, economic, cultural, moral and spiritual issues facing humanity. Especially some of the researches try to highlighted that Humanities education and research has been a critical foundation of our society for centuries. Disciplines such as history, literature, and philosophy have shaped institutions and policy debates and attracted generations of students seeking to understand more about how societies function and change. However, changing frameworks for understanding social value and the expansion of tertiary education disciplines over time have affected perceptions of the importance of the Humanities.In this background,this paper is mainly focused on the some ofissues and challenges which are affected on trend in higher education particularly in humanities disciplines.And try to emphasis on collaborative study and researches which helps to all multidisciplinary subjects in humanities.

Spontaneous Deracemizations.

Spontaneous deracemizations is a challenging, multidisciplinary subject in current chirality research. In the absence of any chiral inductors, an achiral substance or a racemic composition is driven into an enantioenriched or even homochiral state through a selective energy input, e.g., chemical potential, photoirradiation, mechanical grinding, ultrasound waves, thermal gradients, etc. The most prominent examples of such transformations are the Soai reaction and the Viedma deracemization. In this review, we track the most recent developments in this topic and recall that many other deracemizations have been reported for solutions from mesophases to conglomerate crystallizations. A compiled set of simply available achiral organic, inorganic, organometallic, and MOF compounds, yielding conglomerate crystals, should give the impetus to realize new experiments on spontaneous deracemizations. Taking into account thermodynamic constraints, modeling efforts have shown that structural features alone are not sufficient to describe spontaneous deracemizations. As a guideline of this review, particular attention is paid to the physicochemical origin and symmetry requirements of such processes.

Mixed Methods Research in Criminology and Criminal Justice: a Systematic Review

The field of criminology and criminal justice encompass broad and complex multidisciplinary topics. Most of the research that falls under these areas uses either quantitative or qualitative methodologies, with historically limited use of mixed methods designs. Research utilizing mixed methods has increased within the social sciences in recent years, including a steadily growing body of mixed method research in criminal justice and criminology. The goal of this study was to examine how mixed method designs are being employed within research related to criminal justice and criminology. Our systematic review located 327 mixed method articles published between 2001 and 2017. Findings indicated most criminology and criminal justice research is being conducted within the specialty area of victimology. This study provides an overview of mixed methods research in criminology and criminal justice and also illustrates that most publications are not including methodological concepts specific to mixed methods research (e.g., integration). Along with our systematic review, we offer a series of recommendations to move mixed methods research forward in criminology and criminal justice.

Environment, diseases and Indian History

One can state that in studying environmental change, it is true that most human activities have environmental consequences, and that change in the natural systems, whether induced by humans or by nature itself, almost inevitably affects human beings. Environmental history is a multidisciplinary subject that draws widely on both the human influences and nature. There are many components of it, i.e., physical impact of human on earth, human and their exploitation of the nature, settlements and colonial expansion etc. Many of these components of environmental history examine the circumstances that produce the environmental problems. Apart from it there is separate line of study which is more cantered around historical perspectives and is specific toward environment and its impact on historical change.