Multidisciplinary Study Research Articles

Evaluation of the knowledge levels of university students about Human Papilloma Virus

Aim: Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the most common viral infection agent of the reproductive system. A large portion of sexually active women and men are infected with this virus at some point in their lives. The aim of this study was to examine the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of university students about HPV vaccines. Materials and Methods: The research survey was applied to volunteer undergraduate students receiving health education as an online Google survey. The survey form consists of a total of 24 questions aimed at evaluating demographic information and knowledge about HPV vaccines. The results were transferred to spreadsheets and evaluated using Microsoft Excel and SPSS Version 25.0 statistical package programs. Results: A total of 300 students participated in the study. According to the descriptive statistics results, 71% of the participants were female, 92% were studying in the health field (medicine, dentistry, first and emergency aid, physiotherapy, nursing, etc.) and 8% were studying in departments other than health. While 7% of the students stated that they had received the HPV vaccine, 36% stated that they wanted to receive the HPV vaccine; 45% were undecided about receiving the vaccine. While 63% of the students thought that HPV vaccines should be included in the routine vaccination schedule; 33% were hesitant. When asked the question “If you recommend the HPV vaccine, to whom would you recommend it?”, 17 of the students responded “To women and men with a family history of cervical cancer”, 208 of the students responded “to both men and women”, 43 of them responded “to all women”, and 10 of them responded only “to women with a family history of cervical cancer”; 22 of the students reported that they did not recommend the HPV vaccine. When the reasons for not recommending the HPV vaccine were examined, 10 of the students stated that they did not recommend the HPV vaccine due to doubts about the safety of the vaccine, 10 of them stated that they were afraid of possible negative outcomes, and 2 of them stated that they did not recommend the HPV vaccine due to difficulties in receiving adequate counseling. Conclusion: Our study found that university students have low knowledge about HPV vaccine and infection and the vaccination rate is also low (7%). Multidisciplinary public health studies should be conducted to provide the necessary education and counseling to ensure that university students are informed about HPV vaccine.

Purine nucleosides as selective inhibitors of butyrylcholinesterase - a multidisciplinary study.

The computational study of the most relevant interactions of the nanomolar purine nucleoside BuChE selective inhibitor has shown that the benzyl group at position 2 and the purine acetamido group are required for activity. In addition, the synthesis of a 6-iodinated radiolabelled analogue and the study of in vivo bioavailability have shown a low percentage of uptake by the brain after 1 hour. These results encouraged the synthesis of a small library of new compounds, focussing on deoxygenation at other positions aiming to access active and more bioavailable structures. Deoxygenation at positions 4 and 3,4 afforded new nucleosides that displayed low inhibition of both cholinesterases, while deoxygenation at position 6 and the lyxopyranosyl group afforded the two most active compounds (IC50 ranging from 3.7 to 7.8 μM); one of them was not cytotoxic at the bioactive concentration, while the other one showed a slight cytotoxicity. Interestingly, these structures exhibited the same anomeric stereochemistry and were purine N7-linked, similar to the lead compound 3 (IC50 = 50 nM), thus confirming the importance of the αDN7 purine nucleoside structure. Thus, optimization of the purine nucleoside synthetic procedure was carried out by changing the reaction temperature, the anomeric leaving group or the Lewis acid. The most satisfactory reaction yields and regioselectivity were obtained by using the original N-glycosylation conditions at 25 °C, which afforded the highest yield of 25% when compared to the 8% of the αDN7 purine nucleoside, and an increase in N7 regioselectivity, with the total N7 nucleoside yield increasing from 36% to 52%.

Metabolomics-based treatment for chronic diseases: results from a multidisciplinary clinical study

BackgroundNon-communicable diseases (NCDs), known as chronic diseases, significantly impact patients’ quality of life (QoL) and increase medical expenses. The majority of risk factors are modifiable, and metabolomics has been suggested...

Strategies to Implement a Community-Based, Longitudinal Cohort Study: The Whole Communities-Whole Health Case Study.

This paper discusses the implementation of the Whole Communities-Whole Health (WCWH) initiative, which is a community-based, longitudinal cohort study. WCWH seeks to better understand the impact of location on family health and child development while also providing support for families participating in the study. Implementing a longitudinal study that is both comprehensive in the data it is collecting and inclusive in the population it is representing is what makes WCWH extremely challenging. This paper highlights the learning process the initiative has gone through to identify effective strategies for implementing this type of research study and work toward building a new model for community-engaged research. Through iterative testing following the Plan-Do-Study-Act model, three main strategies for implementation were identified. These strategies are (1) creating a data collection schedule that balances participant burden and maintains temporality across data types; (2) facilitating multiple opportunities for qualitative and quantitative input from faculty, families, and nonparticipant community members; and (3) establishing an open-door policy for data analysis and interpretation. This paper serves as a guide and provides resources for other researchers wanting to implement a multidisciplinary and community-based cohort study.

Historical geographies of a Damascan population crisis: Jawlān and Ḥawrān in the late Mamluk - early Ottoman periods

This multidisciplinary study examines the potential causes of a severe and rapid population and settlement decline during the period of transition in the Jawlān and eastern Ḥawrān regions in the province of Damascus. The Jawlān had been part of a relatively small and centralized sultanate in the Mamluk period. However, in the sixteenth century it was incorporated into an empire that ruled over three continents, thus its importance and standing gradually diminished. Newly recovered data from archaeological surveys, two archaeological excavations, fifteenth-century Arabic chroniclers and sixteenth-century Ottoman tax registers (defters) evidence the magnitude of a demographic crisis that occurred in one of the province's most fertile areas at a time when neighboring regions enjoyed continuity, stability and growth. The study conclusions are significant: nomadization in conjunction with an internal, seasonal migration process likely caused the steep decline, and not external migration or sudden demographic decline due to plagues or natural disasters. This shift from sedentary to nomadic or semi-nomadic life lasted for a long time; the vast majority of the area residents were Bedouin, able to adapt quickly to the new reality that combined work in the (mazra'as) with cattle raising.

Current state of the non-pharmacological management of irritable bowel syndrome: an up-to-date review of the literature.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a complex disorder of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) that is thought to affect a significant proportion of the population. As a result of the nature of IBS, it is hard to predict treatment efficacy as all individuals respond differently, and thus multidisciplinary treatment has become increasingly of interest as it targets multiple aspects of IBS at the same time. Here, we aim to review the literature of both multidisciplinary and single-discipline therapy for IBS. Ovid MEDLINE was utilised with a systematic search to find relevant randomised controlled trials. The population included adults with a Rome diagnosis of IBS and an intervention that was either multidisciplinary care, diet, psychotherapy, gut-directed hypnotherapy (GDH) or physiotherapy. Multidisciplinary care studies found an overall significant improvement, while dietary treatment was varied. A low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols diet was the only one to improve symptoms, while gluten-free and fibre diets had mixed evidence for their efficacy. Novel diets, including a tritordeum-based diet and low tryptophan diet, significantly improved symptoms. Cognitive behavioural therapy was found to be efficacious when compared to controls, as was psychoeducation. GDH was also found to be efficacious, but 83.3% of studies examined a refractory IBS population. There is a lack of literature looking at how multidisciplinary care and different combinations of disciplines work to treat those with IBS in secondary care. Further studies are required for a greater understanding of how multidisciplinary care may be utilised to better manage IBS.

Seasonal Dynamics of Caligus clemensi Infestation in European Seabass and Flathead Grey Mullet Integrating Morphological, Molecular, Immunological, and Environmental Perspectives

This case study investigates the seasonal prevalence, morphological characteristics, molecular identity, host immune response, and environmental factors influencing Caligus clemensi infestations in farmed European seabass and flathead grey mullet at a single marine fish farm. A total of 600 fish (400 seabass, 200 mullet) were examined over one year, revealing seasonal fluctuations in parasite prevalence and intensity. C. clemensi infestation peaked in winter for seabass (75% prevalence) and spring for grey mullet (80% prevalence), with notable declines in summer and autumn for both species. Morphological analysis confirmed C. clemensi as the causative agent, exhibiting sexual dimorphism and characteristic features including a quadrilateral cephalothorax and disk-shaped lunules. Molecular characterization of the 18S rRNA gene corroborated the morphological identification, with phylogenetic analysis revealing a well-supported monophyletic clade for C. clemensi within the family Caligidae. Quantitative real-time PCR demonstrated significantly elevated interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression in infected fish, indicating a robust inflammatory response. Grey mullet and seabass exhibited high IL-1β upregulation. Histopathological examination revealed severe gill tissue damage, vascular changes, and hepatic steatosis in infected fish. Water quality analysis identified several parameters exceeding permissible limits, including total suspended solids (4800-5100 mg/L), total dissolved solids (32000 mg/L), sulfates (2300 mg/L), and chlorides (18000 mg/L). These elevated levels, likely associated with nearby oil production and refining activities, created conditions conducive to parasite proliferation. The high total suspended solids might provide substrates for C. clemensi settlement and attachment, while increased dissolved ions could stress fish and reduce their parasite resistance. This multidisciplinary case study revealed complex host-parasite interactions between C. clemensi and farmed marine fish, highlighting the need for improved water quality and targeted parasite control to enhance aquaculture sustainability in the Suez Canal region.

Medicago truncatula genotype drives the plant nutritional strategy and its associated rhizosphere bacterial communities.

Harnessing the plant microbiome through plant genetics is of increasing interest to those seeking toimproveplant nutrition and health. While genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been conducted to identify plant genes driving the plant microbiome, more multidisciplinary studies are required to assess the relationships among plant genetics, plant microbiome and plant fitness. Using a metabarcoding approach, we characterized the rhizosphere bacterial communities of a core collection of 155 Medicago truncatula genotypes along with the plant phenotype and investigated the plant genetic effects through GWAS. The different genotypes within the M. truncatula core collection showed contrasting growth and nutritional strategies but few loci were associated with these ecophysiological traits. To go further, we described its associated rhizosphere bacterial communities, dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes, and defined a core rhizosphere bacterial community. Next, the occurrences of bacterial candidates predicting plant ecophysiological traits of interest were identified using random forest analyses. Some of them were heritable and plant loci were identified, pinpointing genes related to response to hormone stimulus, systemic acquired resistance, response to stress, nutrient starvation or transport, and root development. Together, these results suggest that plant genetics can affect plant growth and nutritional strategies by harnessing keystone bacteria in a well-connected interaction network.

Forensic Facial Approximation and Archaeology: the case of Carmilla, the «Vampire of Venice»

In 2006 an archaeological excavation on Lazzaretto Nuovo Island (Venice, Italy) uncovered an anomalous grave dated by stratigraphic evidence to the 1576 plague pandemic. The human remains (ID 6) were interred with a brick placed in the mouth, indicative of historical practices against «undead» and vampires. A multidisciplinary study incorporating forensic, anthropological, folkloric, and chemical analyses reconstructed the life and death of this individual, informally named Carmilla. Facial approximation,performed using rigorous forensic techniques on a 3D-printed replica of the skull, brought Carmilla's visage to life for a National Geographic documentary. This comprehensive investigation underscores the integration of various scientific disciplines to demystifyhistorical superstitions, shedding light on the societal reactions to plague pandemics and the resulting folklore. The case of Carmilla exemplifies how forensic science and archaeology can collaboratively reconstruct and humanize historical narratives, providing profound insights into the cultural and biological history of past populations. The study demonstrates the importance of using interdisciplinary approaches to understand the complexities of human history and superstitious beliefs.

Climate responsive innovations at Karachi steel

Learning outcomes The learning outcomes are as follows: to identify and analyze the importance of operations management in a situation demanding minimizing environmental impact and maintaining operational momentum; access the risks faced during project executions and apply project management concepts to facilitate Karachi Steel in implementing indigenous technological solutions; and evaluate the importance of adaptability, continuous improvement and innovation in creating sustainable solutions to address complex challenges. Case overview/synopsis Javaid Iqbal, CEO of Karachi Steel, was the case’s protagonist. With capacity expansion, Javaid relocated the steel facility from Rawalpindi to Islamabad, Pakistan. The company encountered several difficulties because of the air emissions’ inconvenience to nearby residents and the strict environmental regulations. To push the emissions into the air, the company first installed a locally fabricated chimney. Later, they hired a foreign Pakistani engineering firm to install air filters, but the project proved unsuccessful. To control emissions, the company developed a Wet Particulate Control (WPC) system based on a water-sprinkling mechanism. The endeavor was successful, but it resulted in water pollution. As a result, Karachi Steel signed a contract with a local engineering company that invented and effectively installed an air filtration system. Karachi Steel not only devised solutions for their predicaments but also made significant contributions toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, the emissions reporting and monitoring mechanism continued to cause inconvenience for regulators. In addition, the filtration facility encountered a blocked duct conveying zinc sulfate from smoke, resulting in the periodic suspension of operations. As Karachi Steel seek long-term solutions to current challenges, it is critical to examine the relationship between internal circumstances and external forces and stimulate a holistic approach to resolving issues within the realms of operations management and project management. Complexity academic level The case study is suitable for students pursuing their undergraduate degree programs in business studies or management sciences. This case can be taught in specific subjects in the domain of management sciences, including project management and operations management. Furthermore, undergraduate students pursuing degrees in environmental sciences, specializing in environmental impact assessment and sustainable development, can also learn from this case study. These subjects have the potential to provide students with a detailed understanding of the dynamic relationship between environmental problems caused by business activities, and how to address these challenges using principles of project management and operations management. There is no pre-requisite for this case study, and the level of difficulty is moderate. The recommended teaching pedagogy for this multidisciplinary case study includes role-playing exercises, simulations to replicate real-world situations and the Socratic method, which encourages critical thinking. Supplementary material Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 7: Management Science.

Multianalytical investigation reveals psychotropic substances in a ptolemaic Egyptian vase

This study presents a comprehensive multimodal analytical study of an Egyptian ritual Bes-vase, of the 2nd century BCE employing cutting-edge proteomics, metabolomics, genetics techniques, and synchrotron radiation-based Fourier Transformed Infrared microSpectroscopy (SR µ-FTIR) to characterize organic residues of its content. We successfully identified the presence of various functional, bioactive, psychotropic, and medicinal substances, shedding light on the diverse components of a liquid concoction used for ritual practices in Ptolemaic Egypt. Using LC-MS/MS with a new methodological approach, we identified key proteins and metabolites, enabling the identification of botanical sources, confirmed by genetic sequences. Our analyses revealed traces of Peganum harmala, Nimphaea nouchali var. caerulea, and a plant of the Cleome genus, all of which are traditionally proven to have psychotropic and medicinal properties. Additionally, the identification of human fluids suggests their direct involvement in these rituals. Furthermore, metabolomics and SR µ-FTIR analyses also revealed the presence of fermented fruit-based liquid and other ingredients such as honey or royal jelly. The identification of specific chemical compounds, such as alkaloids and flavonoids, provides insight into the psychoactive and therapeutic uses of these in ancient ritual practices. This multidisciplinary study highlights the complexity of ancient cultures and their interactions with psychoactive, medicinal, and bioactive substances. These findings contribute to our understanding of ancient belief systems, cultural practices, and the utilization of natural resources, ultimately enhancing our knowledge of past societies and their connection to the natural world.

The Processuality of ‘Sex’ in Biomedicine: Exploring Stem Cell Research, Cancer Medicine and Vaccine Safety Research

Incorporating sex into biomedical research is envisioned as key to addressing inequalities in health. However, feminist research suggests that it is a complicated task. This is, we argue, especially the case with research that seeks to mobilise sex across different scales involving bodies, samples and populations to provide a basis for personalised biomedical prevention and treatment. Through case studies from stem cell research, cancer medicine and vaccine safety research, we analyse how sex is enacted, foregrounded and sidelined at different stages of research. We argue that sex becomes suspended between individual bodies, samples and population groups, and that this postpones biomedical analysis of sex differences in health. Yet, research on sex differences in complex embodied processes, such as drug metabolism or immunity, appears as a future potentiality. This potentiality shapes research practices that may open biomedicine towards multi-disciplinary study settings that bring together physiological and social dimensions of bodily difference.

Rockfall Mapping and Monitoring Across the Kalymnos Sport Rock Climbing Sites, Based on Ultra-High-Resolution Remote Sensing Data and Integrated Simulations

This manuscript presents a multidisciplinary study that proposes a methodology for delineating and categorizing vulnerability at rockfall risk areas to avoid human injuries and infrastructure damage caused by rockfalls. The presented workflow includes (i) classical geological mapping, (ii) the interpretation of high-resolution satellite data for observing the spatial distribution of fallen boulders, (iii) analytical hierarchy processing of spatial information within a Geographical Information System (GIS) platform, (iv) close-range remote sensing campaigns with Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs), and (v) integrated simulation of rockfall events. This methodology was applied to Kalymnos Island, which belongs to the Dodecanese Islands complex of the southeastern Aegean Sea in Greece. It is characterized by unique geomorphological features, including extensive vertical limestone cliffs that span the island. These cliffs make it one of the world’s most densely concentrated areas for sport climbing. The results highlighted the areas that the local authorities need to focus on and suggested measures for increasing the safety of climbers and infrastructure.

Intercambio guiado por farmacocinética de factores VIII de vida media estándar a factores VIII de vida media extendida pegilados en la terapia de la hemofilia A en práctica clínica

ObjectiveTo analyze the differences in pharmacokinetic and clinical parameters (bleeding rates and joint health) before and after switching from standard half-life factor VIII (FVIII) to extended half-life pegylated FVIII in patients with severe/moderate hemophilia A on prophylaxis, one year before and after the switch in real-life. MethodThis is a single-center, comparative, observational, sequential, retrospective, and multidisciplinary study. Population pharmacokinetic models from the WAPPS-Hemo® application were used to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters and individualize prophylaxis. The annual rate of total and joint bleeds, joint health (Hemophilia Joint Health Score), plasma half-life and area under the curve ratios, FVIII consumption, administration frequency, and cost were analyzed. ResultsThirty-eight adult patients with hemophilia A who switched from standard half-life FVIII to extended half-life pegylated FVIII were analyzed. Significant improvements (p < 0.05) were observed in all pharmacokinetic parameters, with plasma half-life and area under the curve improvement ratios of 1.5 and 1.9, respectively, as well as reductions in annual total and joint bleeding rates were registered. A higher number of patients with zero total (16.0 vs. 29.0) and joint bleeds (23.0 vs. 33.0) was also observed. The median reductions in administration frequency and dose/kg/week were 30.0% and 19.7%, respectively, avoiding 44.3 infusions/patient/year, resulting in savings of 20,843 €/patient/year. Furthermore, joint health improved (23.0 vs. 21.0; p = 0.017), and target joints resolved after the switch. ConclusionsThe pharmacokinetically guided switch from standard half-life FVIII to pegylated FVIII demonstrated significant clinical benefits with reduced bleeding rates and improvements in joint health. Additionally, improvements in pharmacokinetic parameters were observed, allowing for reduced treatment burden by decreasing administration frequency, as well as lower consumption and costs.

Phenytoin-induced DRESS syndrome: A multidisciplinary case study in precision medicine and advanced therapeutics

This case report aims to examine the diagnostic and therapeutic approach for phenytoin-induced Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) syndrome in a pediatric patient, emphasizing the importance of early recognition and intervention. A 17-year-old male presented with a pruritic rash, fever, lymphadenopathy, and elevated liver enzymes one month after starting phenytoin for epilepsy. Diagnosis was confirmed using the RegiSCAR scoring system, which objectively assessed clinical and laboratory findings. The patient received high-dose corticosteroids and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) after discontinuing phenytoin, with regular monitoring of clinical and laboratory parameters. Timely withdrawal of phenytoin, along with corticosteroid and NAC therapy, led to the resolution of symptoms without long-term complications. The RegiSCAR scoring system proved invaluable for accurate and swift diagnosis, supporting its utility in pediatric DRESS cases. This case also suggests the potential of genetic screening, particularly HLA typing, for identifying high-risk individuals, although it was not utilized here. Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary management are critical for favorable outcomes in pediatric DRESS cases. Routine HLA screening could help prevent DRESS syndrome in patients prescribed high-risk medications, though further studies are needed to assess feasibility and cost-effectiveness. This case underlines the value of standardized treatment protocols and personalized medicine in managing drug hypersensitivity reactions effectively.

The Role of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) in Treatment and Management of Sexually Transmitted Viral Infections

Tea is obtained from the young leaves and shoots of the evergreen perennial plant Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, the most popular and frequently consumed product using a natural beverage worldwide. Some kinds of tea products, such as green tea, black tea, and oolong tea, have assorted flavors depending on the manufacturing techniques. Green tea has been studied for many years for its important beneficial effects, including anticancer, anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and cardiovascular effects. These effects are primarily associated with tea polyphenols, and regular consumption has been re-ported to decrease the incidence of some chronic diseases. Current studies support that green tea catechins play an important role in healing and improving the pathology of many diseases. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most a highly found polyphenol in the leaves and is of great interest for its protective role in the prevention of diseases. Therefore, this review presents the efficacy and possible mechanisms of EGCG against sexually transmitted viruses. Moreover, EGCG and its derivatives are recognized as safe bioactive phytochemicals for external and internal use in preventing and treating viral STIs and other concurrent infections. Multidisciplinary studies are essential to discover cheaper, safer, and more effective treat-ments using EGCG and its derivatives to improve the toxicity and formulations of viral STI medications.

Advancement in schiff base complexes for treatment of colon cancer

Abstract Schiff bases have proven to be beneficial in medicine and have interesting complexation capabilities with transition metals. The +4, +5, and +6 oxidation states of schiff base metal complexes have been the subject of recent review, which have highlighted their notable cytotoxic effects against various colon cancer cell lines (HT-29, HCT-116, SW-480, Coco-2, CT-26, LT-174, LoVo). Extensive research has focused on schiff base metal complexes in the +4 and +6 oxidation states, exhibiting distinct geometries and significant thermodynamic stability. These studies provide IC50 values for these complexes in colon cancer cell lines along with comprehensive structural representations that shed light on how different substituents affect cytotoxicity. When compared to schiff base ligands alone, metal complexes of schiff bases have been shown to significantly reduce colon cancer cell invasion and proliferation. The studied literature emphasizes schiff base metal complexe’s potential in biological applications and suggests that more study may be necessary to fully comprehend their biology. To enable more sophisticated multidisciplinary study in this field, future investigations should focus on synthesizing novel complexes with enhanced bioavailability, solubility, and low toxicity.

Dialkyl Carbamoyl Chloride (DACC)-Impregnated Dressings for the Prevention of Surgical Site Infections: Experience From a Multi-disciplinary Study in India.

Background Surgical site infections (SSIs) represent a significant burden in healthcare, commonly occurring after surgical procedures and leading to prolonged recovery times and increased healthcare costs. Traditional antimicrobial dressings pose risks such as antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of dialkyl carbamoyl chloride (DACC)-impregnated dressings, which use a purely physical mechanism to prevent bacterial contamination, in patients undergoing orthopaedic or gastrointestinal surgeries. Methods This prospective, multicentre observational study was conducted after ethical committee approval across four centres in India, involving 106 patients (71 orthopaedic and 35 gastrointestinal) who received DACC-impregnated dressings. Dressings were applied immediately post-surgery and assessed over 30 days for the incidence of superficial or deep SSI. Additional evaluations included pain measured using visual analogue scale (VAS), dressing adhesion, patient satisfaction, and healthcare provider feedback. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics and comparisons between time points using the Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests, with a significance level set at p<0.05. Results Among the 106 patients, two (1.9%) cases of SSI were reported, both in orthopaedic patients. The dressings maintained at least 50% adhesion in 98.1% of cases. Pain levels using VAS averaged 3.9 (SD=2.6) at follow-up one and 2.8 (SD=2.8) at follow-up two. Patient satisfaction was high, with 73.5% reporting improved pain experiences during dressing changes compared to previous dressings. Healthcare professionals rated the handling of dressings as excellent in 89% of cases. Conclusion DACC-impregnated dressings demonstrated effectiveness in reducing SSIs in postoperative care for orthopaedic and gastrointestinal surgeries. The dressings were well-tolerated by patients and preferred by healthcare providers due to ease of use and high adherence. These findings support DACC-impregnated dressings as a safe and effective alternative for SSI prevention, particularly beneficial in reducing the risks associated with antimicrobial resistance. Further studies with larger sample sizes and controlled designs are recommended to validate these findings.

8.G. Scientific session: The German National Cohort (NAKO): Current state, follow up data collection and selected results

Abstract This workshop aims to give an overview on current state and selected results of the German National Cohort (NAKO). NAKO is the largest, multidisciplinary population-based cohort study in Germany. The overall aims of NAKO are: 1) to elucidate pathways to major chronic diseases such as diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular, pulmonary, neuro-psychiatric, and infectious diseases, focusing on determinants and exposures (e.g., socioeconomic, psychosocial, behavioural, occupational, and environmental factors); 2) to assess regional differences; and to improve prevention and early detection of disease. Between 2014 and 2019 more than 205,000 men and women aged 20-74 years at baseline were recruited in 18 study centres across Germany. During their examination participants underwent an extensive programme including a face-to-face interview, self-administered, computer-based questionnaires, in-depth biomedical examinations, and the collection of various bio-samples. In addition, at 5 study centres a subgroup of almost 31,000, received whole-body magnet resonance imaging (MRI). In 4-5 year intervals, all study participants are re-invited for examination at the study centres. The first re-examination started in October 2018 and will be finished in July 2024. In parallel the pilot phase for the second re-examination will start in May 2024. The programme for both re-examinations is similar to the baseline programme. Thereby, longitudinal information on changes in risk factor profiles and in vascular, cardiac, metabolic, neurocognitive, pulmonary and sensory function is collected. During the COVID-19 pandemic two supplemental questionnaires focusing on pandemic-related aspects were provided to all NAKO participants at two different time points. The first COVID-19 questionnaire collected data on more than 160,000 participants during the first COVID-19-related lockdown in Spring 2020. The questionnaire included questions on general state of health, Sars-CoV-2 symptoms, changes in psychosocial, socioeconomic, and behavioural factors (e.g., physical activity). The workshop session consists of four presentations. The first presentation will provide insights into the extensive examination programme of NAKO, will give a short overview on the current state and plans for follow-up of data collection. In addition, it will briefly inform about possibilities to get access to NAKO data. Furthermore, the workshop will include three presentations on selected results of NAKO to demonstrate its broad research scope. The presentations will focus on the following topics: 1) cardiovascular disease and sex differences according to socioeconomic position, 2) cognitive functioning according to income, employment and living alone, 3) physical activity and changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Key messages • Due to the large sample size, and the broad research scope, NAKO provides an excellent resource to scientists form different research disciplines and enforces interdisciplinary collaborations. • The workshop will be informative to researchers who are planning to work with NAKO data as data access within the European Union/the European Economic Area is open since spring 2024.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Therapeutic Potential of Novel Schiff Base Metal Complexes: Nickel(II) and Copper(II) Complexes Based 2‐[(2‐Chloroquinolin‐3‐yl)methylidene]aminobenzenethiol (CQAT)

ABSTRACTThis research focused on the design and comprehensive characterization of two novel transition metal complexes derived from the symmetrical Schiff base 2‐[(2‐chloroquinolin‐3‐yl)methylidene]aminobenzenethiol (CQAT), coordinated with nickel(II) (NiCQAT) and copper(II) (CuCQAT) ions. The structural elucidation of these complexes was achieved through a range of advanced analytical techniques. Thermal analysis revealed the stability and decomposition patterns of the complexes, supporting the identification of their coordination geometries. The collective data indicated that both NiCQAT and CuCQAT complexes adopt octahedral coordination, with the specific formulas [Ni(CQAT)2(H2O)2] and [Cu(CQAT)2(H2O)2], respectively. To complement the experimental findings, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed. These theoretical calculations confirmed the proposed molecular structures and provided detailed insights into key quantum chemical parameters, such as HOMO–LUMO energies, molecular orbitals, and electronic distributions, which are crucial for understanding the complexes' reactivity and stability. Furthermore, extensive in vitro biological evaluations were conducted to assess the anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties of the synthesized complexes. These assays demonstrated that both NiCQAT and CuCQAT exhibited significantly enhanced bioactivity compared to the free CQAT ligand, suggesting a synergistic effect of metal coordination on the ligand's biological efficacy. To further explore the mode of action, molecular docking studies were performed targeting two key proteins—human cyclooxygenase‐2 (PDB ID: 5IKT) and human peroxiredoxin 2 (PDB ID: 5IJT). The docking simulations provided valuable insights into the binding affinities, interaction energies, and key amino acid residues involved in the binding process, offering a molecular‐level understanding of their potential biological mechanisms. The findings from these multidisciplinary studies highlight the therapeutic potential of CQAT and its nickel and copper complexes, positioning them as promising candidates for further development in the field of medicinal chemistry.