Multidimensional Statistical Analysis Research Articles

Ecological and economic effects of industrial and technological development

The article is devoted to topical issues of mutual influences of ecological and economic, industrial and technological development. The main purpose of the article is to study the system characteristics of the relationship between industrial and technological development and the effectiveness of the national economy. Such a relationship is based on the policy of environmental innovation, which is implemented at the junction of relations in the fields of environmental safety, industrial policy and technological development of Ukraine. The article aims to determine economic effects of the ecological component of industrial and technological development of the country. The study found that the industrial and technological growth of the national economy depends to a large extent on the ecological component. The method of taxonomy was used to carry out an integral assessment of ecological indicators of industrial and technological development in the system of ecological and economic security of Ukraine. The application of tools of multidimensional statistical analysis, the harmonization of indicators of industrial and technological development and ecological and economic security of Ukraine helped to determine the economic effects of ecological impact.

USING OF THE MATHEMATICAL APPARATUS REGRESSION ANALYSIS TO UNIFY THE CALCULATING METHODOLOGY FOR THE T-64B TANK'S OVERHAUL LIFE

The subject matter of the article is the life cycle of a T-64B tank sample during the period from normal operation in a combat training group to resource consumption and carrying out average and capital repairs. The goal of the study is to develop a model of dependence of inter-repair service life of the T-64B tank sample on the machine operating conditions and, on its basis, a methodology for controlling the parameters of individual assemblies and systems of the tank sample during its life cycle. The tasks to be solved are: to analyze the results of statistical records of tank system failures and damages number and identify the predicates set affect the inter-repair service life of the machine depending on conditions of its tasks for the intended purposes; to create the regression equation for getting the unified analytical dependence of inter-repair service life of the T-64B tank sample in the period from normal operation in training and combat group to service life and overhaul; to investigate specific influence of reliability indices on the machine's service life. General scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge are used. The method of hierarchy analysis, mathematical apparatus of probability theory and multidimensional statistical analysis were used. The following results are obtained. A set of predicates influence the inter-repair service life of the machine depending on conditions of its tasks for the intended purposes fulfillment has been determined. A regression equation has been drawn up to obtain a unified analytical dependence of the overhaul life of a T-64B tank sample during the period from normal operation in a combat training group to the development of a resource and carrying out of intermediate and complete overhauls were drawn up. Engineering solutions have been proposed to implement a methodology for monitoring the parameters of individual units and systems of the tank sample during its life cycle, namely integrated real-time monitoring of oil condition and recording of engine operating hours under various load conditions. Conclusions. The space of features characterizes the conditions of the tank sample tasks for its intended purposes, includes service life, crew training, operation, seasonality of the unit’s performed tasks nature, machine operating time since the last service and range of the vehicle before the next overhaul. The analytical relationship between the individual factors determining the conditions under which the T-64B tank sample performs its tasks for the intended purposes and the machine's service life consumption as a dependent variable can be determined in the form of a regression equation. Differentiated control of the parameters of individual assembly units and systems of the tank sample plays a leading role in ensuring the combat readiness and efficiency of the use of aging samples of weapons, insures personnel against possible accidents and catastrophes, sudden failures.

Lipidomics analysis of human follicular fluid form normal-weight patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a pilot study

BackgroundThe polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine associated with insulin resistance, even in the absence of overweight. The global lipid profile of the follicular fluid in PCOS with normal weight as yet has not been investigated. The objection of this pilot study was to explore the changes of lipids in the follicular fluid of PCOS with normal weight.MethodsFollicular fluid samples were collected from patients who underwent IVF, including normal-weight women without PCOS (control group, n = 10) and normal-weight women with PCOS (PCOS group, n = 8). A lipidomic analysis was performed by high performance liquid chromatography/ mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Multidimensional statistical analysis was performed to disclose the global differences between the two groups. Further, differential lipid analysis between the two groups was performed by Fold Change Analysis (FC Analysis) and T-test to screen potential markers.ResultsAll 812 species of 32 subclasses of lipids were identified by lipidomics analysis. 108 kinds of lipids were considered as the potential candidate differential metabolites with the score of variable importance in the project (VIP) more than 1 by the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. 32 lipids were significantly different between the PCOS group and the control group simultaneously with FC > 1.5 or FC < 0.67, p-value < 0.05 and VIP value > 1. These differential species of lipid belong to lipid subclasses including triglycerides (TG), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and phosphatidylinositols (PI).ConclusionThe identified differential lipids in the follicular fluid may be considered as candidate biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets of PCOS with normal-weight.

Эволюция информационных систем.

In medical organizations, information systems solve the following tasks: the ability to receive and store information, quick access to it and its transmission, the ability to generate various reports, the availability of specialized workplaces of medical workers, etc. Information systems are gradually evolving, turning from a tool capable of solving the simplest management tasks into a tool capable of solving the entire range of management tasks encountered in the practice of a medical organization at all levels of management. The purpose of the study is to describe the four stages of creating information systems, highlight the characteristic features of the functioning of information systems at each stage, as well as highlight the list of the main management tasks that are being developed at the selected stage and ways to solve them. The main attention was paid to the development of information systems of medical organizations working with the children’s population. Results. The first stage of the development of information systems began with the use of computer technology in the practice of medical organizations and was reduced to the fact that programmers of both medical and third-party organizations began to develop tasks, the totality of which later became known as “creating an information system” of a medical organization. The goal of the second stage is already the transformation of information systems of medical organizations in order to describe production processes in terms of a process approach and implement them in the form of software modules. The third stage of building information systems is the stage of describing the work of a medical organization based on mathematical models in order to justify the optimal solution of the production tasks available in it. The fourth stage of building information systems is the construction of an “information system that implements the functions of an intelligent management system of a medical organization”. The authors of the article give recommendations on the formalization of information available in a medical organization for the purpose of its effective use by artificial intelligence. Findings. Thus, an information system is a tool for solving management problems, its development as a tool for solving management problems requires knowledge of management theory, organization theory, process approach in management, methods of multidimensional statistical analysis and modeling methods, languages and modeling methods based on neural networks.

Southern Italian Peripheries at the Ballot Box. Continuity and Innovation in Electoral Behaviours in Three Southern Italian Cities during Post-Crisis Decade (2008–2019)

ABSTRACT The article explores the social and political geography of three southern Italian cities – Bari, Napoli and Reggio Calabria – and investigates inside their centre–periphery cleavage, highlighting whether and how peripheral conditions affect electoral behaviours. It provides a multidimensional statistical analysis based on I.S.T.A.T. data on Italian cities and suburbs and on the results of the political and European elections during the post-economic crisis decade (2008–2019). The study highlights a growing predictive power, after the 2008 crisis, of the peripheral condition on the electoral behaviour, the weakening of the centre-left parties and the specular political success of 5-Star Movement (M.5.S.) in deprived urban areas.

A Model for Measuring the International Competitiveness of Furniture Industry in the European Union Countries

Purpose: The main aim of the research was to assess the international competitiveness of the furniture industry in the EU Member States. The article deals with the interpretation and methods of measuring competitiveness at this level of economic analysis. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study used the measurement model of the international competitiveness of an industry - the proposed methodology allowed for a broad assessment of competitive potential and competitive position. A set of competitiveness indicators and a multidimensional statistical analysis were presented. Findings: The international competitiveness of the EU furniture industry is diversified. The furniture industries in Poland, Italy, and Germany had the most significant competitive advantage by far. These countries have exceptionally high production potential and big export share. Practical Implications: The research can inform furniture manufacturers about the factors that contribute to increase competitiveness. Some strengths and areas for improvement in the operation of the furniture industry from various countries were identified. These may be relevant for building a lasting competitive advantage in the international market. Originality/Value: Competitiveness is a category that is relatively rarely studied at the sector level. The present study performs a broad assessment of the furniture industry’s competitiveness, considering both the factor and the result dimensions. The empirical research presented herein has both theoretical and practical value. The employed methodology is universal and can be used to assess various industries and sectors of the economy.

Application of Multidimensional Statistical Analysis in Tribotechnical Diagnostics of Hydraulic Fluids in Woodworking Equipment.

The article dealt with the assessment of the quality of hydraulic oil and determination of the mode of wear of the friction surfaces of Baljer & Zembrod manipulating lines through the information traces in the oils by applying tribotechnical diagnostics. We presented the assessment of the level of degradation of the oils. In addition, we presented the mode of wear of the friction surfaces washed in oil through evaluation of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the particles found in the oil. In detail, we focused on the application of suitable multivariate statistical methods on the data matrix. The article also presents predictive models that can sort oils into groups based on the assessment of quality of the oil and the state of the friction couples. The models can be used in research and in solving practical tasks in tribotechnical diagnostics of hydraulic fluids in woodworking equipment. Our results showed that the manipulation lines were greatly thermically stressed due to inadequate oil and machine maintenance. By correlative integration of all methods used, we could determine the real mode of the wear of the tribologic nodes of the machine. The experiment enabled the early detection of an undesirable process in the tribological node and implementation of corrective measures before the machine would break down.

Big Data technology: assessing the quality of the educational environment

The paper shows the prospects for the development of digital technologies of Big Data, which are proposed to be used as a means of qualitative assessment of education, as well as its effectiveness. The use of intelligent systems that work at the level of the best teacher in the future will be available in any educational organization. This will make it possible to overcome the “educational inequality” and reduce educational barriers for people with disabilities. If the methodology of traditional teaching is created based on the personal experience of the teacher, then the methodology based on big data analysis technologies is the result of the experience of a huge number of users. With the help of big data, you can create methods that are adapted to a large number of students; personalize content; choose learning modes, that is, learning becomes adaptive and personality-oriented. The educational program is transformed from the traditional approved text format to the format of personalized online content, which dynamically changes depending on requests. In addition, approaches to monitoring and evaluating both the educational process itself and the results of education are changing. As a result of the application of Big Data technologies (multidimensional statistical analysis), new methods of forecasting are proposed for use, when a combination of known data predicts the desired unknown; structure identification and clustering; network analysis. Big data is a huge volume of information, big data analysis methods are the systematization of this information, but they can never replace the teacher who gives his own and “reads” the emotions of the student.

Comparative assessment of the amino acids content of some legumes species in Southern Ukraine

The data on the composition and amount of amino acids have been analyzed in the raw materials of five legume species. All of them grow in Southern Ukrainian flora (Securigera varia (L.) Lassen, Vicia cracca L., Lupinus luteus L., Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall., Melilotus albus Medic.) and may be used as a source of amino acids, especially essential, whose resource has to be replenished from the outside. Aim. We have studied and compared the amino acid profile of some species of the Ukrainian South Legumes, and used the multidimensional statistical cluster analysis to construction of histograms based on the amino acids content and composition of such plants as: Securigera varia (L.) Lassen, Vicia cracca L., Lupinus luteus L., Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall., Melilotus albus Medic. Materials and methods. The raw materials were harvested at the South of Ukraine and were investigated by gas-liquid chromatography. The amino acid analyzer has been used after hydrochloric acid hydrolysis at elevated temperature. Results. 19 amino acids have been identified, of which nine are essential or partially interchangeable. The non-polar amino acid proline is in the lead in terms of quantity among the essential amino acids. Its amount was 6932 mg/100 g and the ability to accumulate it was noted in Melilotus officinalis (2276 mg/100 g). The smallest proline amount was found in Lupinus luteus (388 mg/100 g). The sulfur-containing non-polar amino acid methionine is in the smallest amount in the selected plants (506 mg/100 g). Our attention was drawn to the absence of the polar amino acid glutamine among the non-essential amino acids in some plants. Securigera varia, Vicia cracca, and Melilotus officinalis did not contain glutamine. In this subgroup, the polar aspartic acid was found in the highest amount (6824 mg/100 g) with the highest content in Vicia cracca and the lowest – in Melilotus albus (2660 mg/100 g and 385 mg/100 g, respectively). Conclusions. The analysis of the presence and number of amino acids was the basis for our multidimensional statistical cluster analysis and histograms of the presentation of the amino acid profile of the studied plant members of the family Fabaceae L. In constructing the dendrogram, three clusters were identified, and representatives of one genus (Melilotus L.) were attributed to different clusters which is significant for further chemosystematic studies.

Effectiveness of Human Resources Management in the Enterprises of Ukraine’s Bakery Industry

Competition in the national labor market, which is strengthening as globalization and structural employment disproportions intensify, encourages domestic companies to seek reserves for more efficient human resource management as the only competitive advantage that cannot be copied. The aim of the research is to develop a comprehensive methodology for assessing the effectiveness of HR management at bakery companies as employers of a Ukraine’s priority industry, which is based on the provisions of the new (first) international human capital accounting standard ISO 30414:2018 and is implemented using system-structural, abstract-logical methods, as well as those of multidimensional statistical analysis and visualization of empirical data. The developed methodology will allow to determine an integrated indicator for the effectiveness of HR-management, which simultaneously performs the functions of controller and navigator of strategic management decisions in this area.

Reproduction strategies of the silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) at post-industrial sites

The study aimed to evaluate the parameters of reproductive traits, specimens’ fertility and reproductive efficiency observed in Betula pendula populations growing at different types of sites (zinc-lead heaps, coal mine heaps and unpolluted site). The leaf biomass and the biometric characteristics of inflorescences and fructifications were identified. Moreover, the biometric parameters of B. pendula seedlings were evaluated for examined sites. Seed-originated trees mostly of age 40 were randomly selected and from each tree, a branches from 1.70 m height and orientation N–S, W–E to the cardinal points of the stem were chosen. In the laboratory, selected soil parameters, the viability of pollen and the seeding value of seeds were analysed. According to the multidimensional statistical analysis the populations of B. pendula growing on post-industrial wastelands represent different morphotypes with lower values of almost all the reproductive traits, compared to the unpolluted birch population. Such traits as the male:female catkin number ratio and the non-embryo seed number were positively correlated with the heavy metal content at the zinc-lead heaps; at the same time these traits were negatively correlated with soil fertility. The fully developed seed number and the mature female catkin number were strongly correlated with the available potassium and phosphorus soil content but also with the leaf number on the generative shoots. The specimens of birch growing in these three habitats did not develop a universal reproductive strategy. Some differences in fecundity, the condition of seeds and the patterns of seed germination were found. The resulting seedling survival is determined by the plasticity of biometric traits, sheltered places for germination, etc. Seedlings that originated from heaps (local gene resources) are more suitable for use in the reclamation of large amounts of waste.

Multi-dimensional analysis of regional investment attractiveness in Poland

Research background: A given region's investment attractiveness is a set of conditions that depend primarily on the policy of the country that is the recipient of direct foreign investment, encouraging or discouraging foreign investors from making decisions about locating investments in a given area. These conditions include the economic conditions, the infrastructure, the political and legal system, the business environment, and the sociocultural environment. a foreign investor, the motive for exporting capital abroad is the search for benefits that can be derived from the business activity conducted there, including easier entry into new markets. Purpose of the article: The main aim of the paper is to distinguish groups of voivodeships (NUTS 2 level) that are relatively homogeneous in terms of investment attractiveness, which is conducive to the inflow of foreign capital and the implementation of investment projects involving foreign capital. Methods: Distinguishing groups of voivodeships similar to each other in terms of the level of investment attractiveness is made by applying hierarchical cluster analysis. The dendrogram illustrates the hierarchical structure of clusters of similar objects according to the analysed set of variables. The quality of the clustering result is also assessed by determining the silhouette index. Comparative and descriptive analysis of CSO statistics are additional methods used that have contributed to the achievement of the aim of the paper. The research period covers the years 2000?2018. Findings &amp; value added: The investment attractiveness of a voivodeship is closely related to the level of its economic development. Therefore, the following voivodeships are listed at the top of the investment attractiveness rankings: Mazowieckie, Dolnośląskie, Śląskie, Małopolskie, and Pomorskie. The conducted study has confirmed that the creation of special economic zones and the development of regional smart specialisations contribute to the inflow of foreign capital. It is worth noting that the assessment of investment attractiveness is relative. The comparison of the innovative attractiveness of voivodeships is based on the use of the average value, overestimated by cities, i.e. central hubs, attracting investors. The regional perspective on investment attractiveness using multi-dimensional statistical analysis methods is the added value of the article.

DIAGNOSIS THE INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTERPRISES IN DNIPROPETROVSK REGION

Topicality. In the difficult times of repeated economic crises, structurally deformed economy, the emergence of risks associated with the consequences of COVID-19, the problems of innovative development of enterprises become much deeper. Today, the country's innovative activity is declining, the entire chain of innovation is collapsing, as a result, the technical level of production is declining, and the volume of progressive production is declining.Constantly growing hyperinterest in innovation, not least caused by high expectations and, at the same time, the truth about the characteristics of their nature as a product or service that will benefit and improve quality of life, the result of combining the most valuable resources – knowledge, intelligence, wisdom, experience, creative gift, abilities, freedom, time and information. To characterize the innovation space of any region, it is important to explore and assess the potential of enterprises.Aim and tasks. The purpose of the study is to provide recommendations for the development of information support for diagnosing the innovative development of enterprises in Dnipropetrovsk region. The specified goal was concretized in following research tasks: determine the meaning and objectives of diagnosis; explain the content of cluster analysis in this context; assess the level of information support for diagnosing innovative development of enterprises using the method of multidimensional statistical analysis.Research results. The article presents practical measures for diagnosing and rating the innovative development of enterprises of districts and cities of leaders and outsiders of Dnipropetrovsk region. Based on multidimensional statistical analysis, the level of statistical support of the innovative potential of development of Dnipropetrovsk region is assessed.Conclusion. Worked out proposals on building up of information support of innovative development of enterprises. The level of information support for innovative development of enterprises in the region is assessed using the method of multidimensional statistical analysis (cluster analysis). Thus, the cluster analysis of the Dnipropetrovsk region by the level of information support for innovative development of enterprises showed a high degree of disagreement between cities and districts by this index. In particular, the Dnipro, Kryvyi Rih, Kamyanske and Dniprovskyi district have high indexes, and the Vilnohirsk, Ternivka, Pershotravensk, Pokrov, Marhanets and others – low indexes. Developed program of diagnosing the innovative development of enterprises in the regions of Ukraine, which includes measures of economic, social and innovative nature.

Metabolomic Study on the Therapeutic Effect of the Jianpi Yangzheng Xiaozheng Decoction on Gastric Cancer Treated with Chemotherapy Based on GC-TOFMS Analysis.

Objective This study aimed to find new biomarkers of prognosis and metabolomic therapy for gastric carcinoma (GC) treated with chemotherapy and investigate the metabolic mechanism of the Jianpi Yangzheng Xiaozheng (JPYZXZ) decoction in the treatment of GC. Methods First, 36 patients with GC were randomly assigned to the treatment (chemotherapy plus JPYZXZ) and control (chemotherapy alone) groups. The clinical efficacy, side effects, and quality of life of patients in the two groups were evaluated after treatment. Then, the serum samples taken from 16 randomly selected patients (eight treatment cases and eight control cases with no evident pattern characters) and eight healthy volunteers were tested to identify the differential metabolite under the gas chromatography-time-of-fight mass spectrometry platform. The relevant metabolic pathways of differential substances were analyzed using multidimensional statistical analysis. Results JPYZXZ combined with chemotherapy resulted in a lower risk of leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, and gastrointestinal reaction (P < 0.05). Additionally, patients in the treatment group showed a higher Karnofsky (KPS) scale (P < 0.05). Compared with healthy persons, patients with GC were found to have 26 significant differential metabolites after chemotherapy; these metabolites are mainly involved in 12 metabolic pathways, such as valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis. JPYZXZ primarily influences the pentose phosphate pathway; glutathione metabolism; glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism; porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism; and glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism of patients with GC treated with chemotherapy. Conclusions The metabolic characteristics of patients with GC after chemotherapy are mainly various amino acid metabolic defects, especially L-glutamine, L-leucine, L-alloisoleucine, and L-valine. These defects lead to a series of problems, such as decreased tolerance and effectiveness of chemotherapy, increased side effects, decreased immunity, and shortened survival time. In addition, the remarkable upregulation of the gluconolactone level in patients with GC suggests the high proliferative activity of GC cells. Thus, gluconolactone may be used as a potential prognostic and diagnostic evaluation index. Moreover, JPYZXZ can reduce the incidence of ADRs and improve the life quality of patients by the correction of L-glutamine, L-leucine, L-alloisoleucine, and L-valine metabolism deficiency. In addition, gluconolactone metabolism is inhibited by JPYZXZ. Such inhibition may be one of the antitumor mechanisms of JPYZXZ.

Use of physicochemical, FTIR and chemometric analysis for quality assessment of selected monofloral honeys

The aim of this study was to assess the quality and characterise a selection of honey varieties with the use of physicochemical, FTIR, and chemometric analysis. The research material consisted of monofloral nectar honeys of 5 distinct varieties: black locust, raspberry, oilseed rape, linden, and buckwheat. The contents of water, soluble solids, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, free acidity, pH, electrical conductivity, and water activity were measured. Infrared spectra were measured within the spectra range from 3700 to 780 cm−1. The obtained results from the FTIR measurements for selected honeys showed the greatest changes in the area of the band maxima: 3333, 1641, 1453, 1248, 1184, 1033, and 985 cm−1. The identification of the origin and chemometric analyses were provided for the spectral regions with the maxima at approximately 3333 and 1641 cm−1 (vibrations from water fractions), 2935 and 2885 cm−1 (symmetrical and asymmetrical vibrations of the -CH2 and -CH3 groups), as well as the fingerprint region where varying intensities of the characteristic bands were observed. Chemometric analysis of the FTIR spectra confirmed the high quality of the analysed honey varieties as well as the differences also in their sugar fractions. The results obtained after employing PCA in the spectroscopic analysis of infrared spectra evidence high applicability of the methods of multi-dimensional statistical analysis in the determination of discrepancies, similarities, and structural characteristics of any given type of honey. A catalogue of FTIR spectra can be created to allow fast and cost-effective identification of honeys, compared to traditional methods.

Spatial differentiation of public administration employees due to professional burnout

Abstract The paper presents the results of classifying public administration employees in terms of level of occupational burnout, taking into account their place of residence, gender and age. One of the methods of multidimensional statistical analysis – classification trees – was used as a research tool. Two dependent variables are defined. The first has only two variants, defined as “no occupational burnout” and “occupational burnout”, which characterise all respondents. The second dependent variable was limited to those respondents diagnosed with occupational burnout and has four variants corresponding to intensity of burnout. The obtained results indicate the differentiation of voivodeships (first-order administrative regions) in terms of the level of the studied phenomenon.

Exploring urine biomarkers of early health effects for occupational exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles using metabolomics.

Many experimental studies have demonstrated that titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) could induce adverse health effects in vivo and in vitro. But epidemiological evidence and biomarkers related to early health effects are still lacking. This study aimed to explore biomarkers in the urine samples of workers occupationally exposed to a relatively low concentration of TiO2 NPs. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jinan, China, involving 132 employees of a TiO2 NP manufacturing plant, among which the exposed group and control group were 1 : 1 matched by confounding factors such as gender, age, BMI, smoking and drinking. Untargeted metabolomics was performed in urine samples using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) technology. The differential metabolites between the TiO2 NP exposed group and the control group were analyzed and then screened for potential biomarkers using bioinformatics methods. Metabolomics found a total of 1760 differentially expressed metabolites in the TiO2 NP exposed group, of which 60 differential metabolites were simultaneously confirmed by one-dimensional and multi-dimensional statistical analysis. Among these 60 differential metabolites, the relative expression of 27 metabolites increased, and the remaining 33 decreased. Pathway enrichment analysis further found that the metabolic pathway of long chain acyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency (Lcad) was significantly enriched. Ten differential metabolites were selected as potential biomarkers of occupational exposure to TiO2 NPs using machine learning methods, including dibenzyl ether, quassimarin, tryptophan, etc. The receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs) of these potential biomarkers showed good sensitivity and specificity. These potential biomarkers also had biological basis for occupational exposure to TiO2 NPs. Therefore, urine metabolites represented by dibenzyl ether are considered as good biomarkers of early health effects for occupational exposure to TiO2 NPs.

Возрастная дифференциация в заработной плате на российском рынке труда: выявление причин

The article examines the reasons for the significant age differentiation in wages that has developed in the Russian labor market. Based on the literature review, two hypotheses of the study were formed, reflecting the factors of wage changes with respect to age. The first hypothesis is that the wages of older workers are determined by age discrimination. According to the second hypothesis, the wages of older workers depend on their accumulated human capital (education, skills, and health). To test the two hypotheses of the study we carry out a multidimensional statistical analysis. It included the construction of regression models, performing discriminant analysis, and testing statistical hypotheses of data uniformity. We use the data from the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey of HSE (RLMS-HSE) covering the years from 2000 to 2019. The data from the monitoring survey have been analyzed not only with respect to age, but gender as well. The results of the study confirmed the first hypothesis for men of pre-retirement and retirement age, as well as women of retirement age. The second hypothesis that the depreciation of human capital with age affects the remuneration of older workers has been partially confirmed. For the older generation of both sexes, a significant factor of wages is health, for men it is also the presence of a completed professional education. Continual education has a positive effect on average earnings, but only for women. Computer skills increases all workers’ wages except men older than 60. We did not find out any significant effect of human capital accumulation on wages for workers of pre-retirement and retirement age

НАУКОВО-МЕТОДИЧНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ІНТЕГРАЛЬНОЇ ОЦІНКИ РІВНЯ ВИРОБНИЧОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ В КОНТЕКСТІ СТРАТЕГІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

The article is devoted to the analysis, generalization and systematization of existing scientific and methodological approaches to assessing the level of production potential, which is the basis for assessing the quality of the management system and strategic development of the enterprise. It is noted that machine-building enterprises are characterized by the use of groups of indicators of the use of material, energy, labor and financial resources, equipment loading and efficiency of production and economic activities. It is proposed to use certain components of the potential that provide the greatest impact on the activities of the enterprise. The main components of the production potential of an industrial enterprise are determined, which can be divided into two categories - capacity and efficiency of the potential. It is stated that the analysis of the impact of certain factors on the enterprise makes it possible to assess the current level of its development and help determine further development strategy, so depending on the field of research and taking into account their own scientific views, researchers justify different groups of factors influencing enterprise development. It is proposed to introduce an information system of adaptive management of strategic development to ensure effective interaction of structural units of the enterprise in the process of solving the functional tasks of modeling assessment, forecasting, scenario planning and control of production processes. On the basis of the information system the methodical approach to an integrated estimation of production potential of the enterprise is presented. It is concluded that it is most rational to use the methods of multidimensional statistical analysis for integrated assessment of production potential on the basis of indicators that reflect the quantitative indicators of its components. It is noted that the existing scientific and methodological approaches are based on criteria different in objectives and are designed to solve specific problems. Conclusions are made on further development of strategic decisions based on the assessment of the level of production potential.

Management of the innovative activity of the enterprises in investment-based construction industry

The study is devoted to scientific provisions and principles of economic development of construction organizations in modern conditions. Based on the study of the theory of economic development, a retrospective analysis of the cyclical nature of construction production, the main factors and directions of their interaction are systematized. Economic and mathematical modeling of the real economic development of construction production was carried out. New approaches to assessing and ensuring the effective functioning of construction organizations are proposed, including substantiation of the target setting of the organization's activities, classification of factor space multidimensional statistical analysis, determination of the optimal ratios of the main technical and economic indicators that ensure the financial and economic stability of construction organizations. The developed models of innovative development of a construction organization are based on increasing the level of total resource productivity. It has been proven that there is a close relationship between the level of economic development and the financial sustainability of a construction organization. An increase in the level of innovative activity in construction production leads to an increase in the financial strength of the organization. The revealed relationship gave the basis to form an algorithm for managing the innovative development of a construction organization on the basis of structure regulation of production costs. The forms and methods of stimulating the economic growth of construction organizations have been substantiated, which consist in improving the system of relations between the participants in the investment process being a significant reserve for economic growth.