Multicultural Practice Research Articles

Multiculturalism and (Neo)liberalism

Questions related to the politics and practice of multiculturalism remain hotly debated, even though it is unclear what generally is meant by the term “multiculturalism” and how multiculturalism fits into the politics of liberalism. To many proponents of identity politics movements, ‘normative multiculturalism’ represents an unquestioned good, and collective identities are seen as a primary subject of democratic deliberation and national policy. Liberal activists, however, may be justifiably concerned that this interpretation of multiculturalism impinges on the foundations of liberalism itself, including the core value of perfect equality between autonomous rights-bearing subjects.We respond to these concerns by interrogating the philosophical nature of liberalism and multiculturalism, respectively, and fleshing out the complex relationship that exists between these concepts. Using discourse analysis we find that the discourse of normative multiculturalism corresponds to the broader concept of liberalism – neoliberalism. We argue that the discourse of neoliberalism integrates the model and empirical sense of the classical concept of liberalism and that the goal – normative neutrality towards cultural and other identities – is more efficiently achieved..

Career Self-Management and Development of Multicultural Knowledge and Practice: Experience of Professional Counsellors

The focus of this research project explores counsellors’ experiences and application of multicultural competencies when working with diverse clients. Using a descriptive qualitative case study approach (Yin, 2009), thirty professional counsellors engaged in semi-structured interviews. They reflected on various factors drawn upon in developing and incorporating a multicultural base of knowledge to inform their practice when working with diverse clients. This research study examines what it means to be a multicultural counsellor, including their perception of challenges and outcome expectations in developing a multicultural framework to situate their practice, and cultivation of professional resilience in their work with diverse clients. The article concludes with a discussion for future work in the area and presents a broadened scope of counsellor career adaptive behaviors implemented in effectively working with diverse clients.

Micro and Macro Practices of Multicultural Education in a Philippine University: Is It Global Integration Ready?

Multicultural education is an emerging world model amid the thickening of multicultural networks of educational exchange, interaction, learning and instruction. In the Philippines, no studies analyzed the status of multicultural education, both at the micro- and macro-levels of an institution. This dearth may impede one’s understanding of the status of multiculturalism, which may result in poor implementation of policies toward reconfiguration of higher education institutions. Using sequential mixed-mode methods, this study analyzed the English teachers’ micro-level and a local university’s macro-level practices of multicultural education. Using Banks and Banks’ (Multicultural education: Issues and perspectives, Allyn and Bacon, Boston, 1993) dimensions of multiculturalism, an intact group of 49 second and third year foreign students answered a questionnaire, and joined in a focus group discussion to share their experiences related to content integration, knowledge construction, prejudice reduction, equity pedagogy and strengthening school culture. Results show that the practices of multiculturalism are excellent, except for knowledge construction and strengthening school culture. Moreover, micro- and macro-level dimensions are statistically different, resulting in the tension between the two levels if we use an excellent rating as a yardstick of fully multiculturalism. That is, English professors may have attained excellent multicultural practices, but their classroom practices may not have been fully complemented and supplemented with a much more strengthened wider school culture. Although conducted at the parochial level of one university, implications for policy-making, instructional preparation, academic reforms, faculty loading, inter-university partnership, and local and international benchmarking are seen to be national and universal.

Promoting Sociopolitical Consciousness and Bicultural Goals of Dual Language Education: The Transformational Dual Language Educational Framework

ABSTRACTThis study examined Spanish-English dual language (DL) K-6 teachers in collaborative professional development as they worked towards achieving the bicultural goal of DL education, beyond traditional interpretations, and incorporating sociopolitical consciousness as a fourth goal. These two principles are part of the transformational DL educational framework. Classroom observations and teachers’ documents relevant to these objectives were recorded and analyzed, and teaching practices were categorized according to James A. Banks’ classic model of levels of integration of multicultural content. Findings show teachers’ trajectories varied throughout the school year. This article shows examples of multicultural teaching practices in three lessons, highlighting elements classified as contributions, additive, transformative, and social action, acknowledging hybrid forms. Results show that, when the principles of biculturalism and sociopolitical consciousness are intentional, educators can begin meeting these goals for equitable DL education.

Bordering on sociocultural boundaries and diversity: negotiating Filipino identities in a Hong Kong multi-ethnic school

ABSTRACT This article illustrates the interface of ethnic identities and a multi-ethnic learning environment in a predominantly Chinese society. Hong Kong – whilst reputed as an Asian international city – has displayed reticence in promoting multicultural initiatives and inclusiveness at a policy level. In this context, this study draws on a sociocultural perspective and interviews with a group of ethnic minority Filipino secondary school students. The interview data point to juxtapositions of ethnic identities with reference to students’ interactions with peers from same and different ethnic groups, ethnic in-group practices, and a schooling discourse that reflects Chinese language expectations and recognition of cultural diversity. The analysis, as a result, specifies how schooling experiences in this case become grounds for identity tensions in being a Filipino and a Hong Kong person. These tensions caution against tacit sociocultural relations in learning environments resulting from school-initiated multicultural practices without broader and explicit policy support for culturally diverse student population.

Revealing the Social Stratums of Castesim in Aravind Adiga’s Between the Assassinations

Aravind Adiga’s novel, Between the Assassinations offers a picturesque presentation of the implications of castes and religions in our country. The author through the novel explains, how religious and caste activists are exploiting the marginalized people in India. The manipulation is showcased, realistically in the form of life situations through his characters. Between the Assassinations is a collection of short stories that spellout historical events that happened during the seven years lapse of time, between the assassination of Former Prime Minister Indra Gandhi, and her son Rajeev Gandhi. The seven stories highlight the dynamics of multicultural, multiethnic and multireligious practices that are prevalent in India. Each story line is independent from the other, while the setting of each story and its character sprung up from the town Kittur. The story’s milieu, portrays the hindrances, characters face and how they overcome such hazards from the religious activists.

Teaching About Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Social Work Education: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACTLittle of social work literature provides evidence of best teaching practices for preparing social work students to work with clients from historically excluded racial and ethnic groups. A systematic literature review was conducted to assess studies published in the United States during the 10-year period (2007–2016) that examined: (1) social work educators’ pedagogical interventions for teaching about racial and ethnic diversity, (2) components of those interventions, (3) methodological designs to evaluate the interventions, and (4) the students’ learning outcomes. Following the systematic review protocol, the authors identified and assessed twenty-five studies (qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods). The studies reflected a variety of teaching interventions, such as diversity courses and projects, instructional technology, and cultural immersion programs. While many reported positive student learning outcomes, as a whole, the studies lacked methodological rigor and sound theoretical grounding. Although social work education attempts to prepare students for multicultural practice, the field lacks an intentional and systematic approach to teaching about racial and ethnic diversity and evaluating learning outcomes in social work students. There is an urgency to expand the empirical evidence on social work diversity education, particularly concerning teaching about race, racism, and Whiteness.

Limitations of Multicultural Supervision in Clinical Neuropsychology

Abstract Multicultural awareness, competency based clinical supervision, and the clinical neuropsychology subspecialties are areas of growing importance in the psychology field. Specific guidelines exist for multicultural practice, clinical supervision, as well as training in clinical neuropsychology. However, there are significantly fewer resources and training procedures that focus on multicultural supervision, very limited information regarding neuropsychology supervision, and almost non-existent resources that address multicultural considerations in clinical neuropsychology supervision. Objective: This Poster highlights the most important literature regarding general aspects of multicultural supervision in psychology, supervision in clinical neuropsychology, while also introducing ideas and considerations regarding the dire need of multicultural supervision in clinical neuropsychology. Method The authors reviewed the literature regarding general aspects of multicultural supervision in clinical psychology, supervision in clinical neuropsychology, and additionally highlighted the gaps related to supervision in multicultural neuropsychology. Finally, they introduced ideas to address some of the needs in the arena of supervision in multicultural neuropsychology. Discussion Available resources that explore, delineate, or evaluate competent multicultural supervision in clinical neuropsychology are absent. Partially, the limited understanding of - and research that focuses on - the influence of diversity in neuropsychological assessment and interventions might explain the lack of resources allotted to competent multicultural supervision in clinical neuropsychology. It is proposed that in clinical, neuropsychology supervisory process (as in therapy supervision) should include a culturally competent supervisor who can assist in the development of self-awareness, knowledge, and skills in order to provide interventions that understand, honor, and respect the clients’ multiple diversity dimensions.

A Critical Multicultural Approach to Korean English Education for Socially Just Diversity

This paper is an attempt to theorize a conceptual framework for Korean English education in response to the contextual need that South Koreans are facing in the age of neoliberal globalization. As an impact of globalization, the influx of foreign people and cultures has made South Korea a growing multicultural society. However, Korea’s response to globalization does not reflect the multicultural aspect of its local context, considering the nationality and ethnicity of foreign residents in South Korea. By critically examining multicultural practices in Korean society portrayed in the media and in English pedagogy, which emphasizes linguistic competence and Western superiority in the name of achieving global leadership, this paper provides a critical multicultural insight that can help reshape educational goals for Korean English education. This paper highlights the importance of raising a socially just global consciousness for Koreans by incorporating critical multiculturalism into English education. Practical pedagogical implications for English teachers will also be drawn.

Beyond language crossing: exploring multilingualism and multicultural identities through popular music lyrics

ABSTRACTPopular songs are loaded with critical social, cultural and historical information and provide blueprints for future semiotic practices. I draw on notions of language as social practice and poststructuralist performative identities to show how language practices in popular music intersect with multicultural practices and meaning making in fluid African multilingual contexts. I illustrate how multilingual and multicultural practices bring into dialogue the traditional and the modern, the rural and the urban, and the interconnectedness in the translocal and transnational cultural worlds. I unravel the layered and multidimensional configurations of new forms of ethnicity and fluid social identities and related multiple affiliations. Beyond the dualisms and time-space-age fixed language practices projected in many studies on urban youth languages in Africa, I maintain that these languages are connected to adult and rural languages. Otherwise, studies on urban youth languages risk being uprooted from local socio-cultural systems of meaning making, hence being a-cultural and a-historical. I conclude that the rural languages and traditional music styles are not just reflected in urban languages and modern music styles; they provide the framework on which new ways of languaging and music styles find connections with the transnational/global world of music.

PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL SEBAGAI PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER PESERTA DIDIK

The realization of multicultural education is not just students getting material at school, but students also need to be able to experience multicultural practice firsthand. Thus, teachers, principals, school staff, employees, and security guards must be able to create a multicultural atmosphere in the school environment. And, multicultural education should not only be obtained in formal education, but non-formal education and informal education must also implement a multicultural system. this study uses library research in which data is taken from books, journals, which are relevant to the theme. This research resulted in the internalization of multicultural education on integral aspects in the subjects of students. The value internalized must contain elements of tolerance and mutual insult so that people can respect one another

National Question in the U.S. and Canada’s Domestic Politics: Conclusions from the Comparative Analysis

The conclusions of the research «National Question in the U.S. and Canada’s Domestic Politics: Comparative Analysis» are proposed for consideration here. For the first time in Ukrainian political science, a cross-national comparison of the USA and Canada in the context of the analysis of the national question was carried out. Namely, its essence was clarified, the peculiarities of multicultural practices in the USA and Canada (cultural pluralism and multiculturalism) were analyzed, and an analysis of ethno-racial discrimination and ethnic mobilization was conducted. The research methodologically conceptualized and developed a comparative political study of interethnic interactions with the use of a research strategy for comparing most similar systems (for example, the USA and Canada). The case study method has been substantiated and applied, involving the method of structural and focused comparison as a tool of cross-national research (for example, the USA and Canada), and also proved that the method can be effective in comparative political science. In the research, the indexation of immigration policy was conceptualized, and a scientific apparatus (a logical sequence of conceptualization, measurement and aggregation) for further cross-national studies in which the object is the national question in general and the migration policy in particular was developed. The theoretical results of the research can be used for the further design of models of binary implicit comparison of similar states. The case study method has not yet been properly applied in Ukrainian political science; therefore, the method proposed by the author for a structured and focused comparison of cases can be useful for both scholars and practitioners when comparing phenomena and processes. The author proposed the concept and design of a study of the already forgotten issues of the national question, which has been proven not to be outdated even in such advanced polyethnic states as the USA and Canada. The scientific results obtained by the author can be used by subjects of internal policy, first of all in the practice of public authorities. The proposed method of indexing immigration policy can serve scholars, legislators, government officials, and employees of the executive authorities to carry out cross-national and/or cross-temporal comparisons.
 Keywords: national question, new institutionalism, case study, structural and focused comparison, immigration, ethno-racial discrimination.

Teaching Note—The Ethnographic Interview as a Method in Multicultural Social Work Education

ABSTRACTThe ever growing diversity poses challenges for social work educators, who are engaged in developing new pedagogical methods for enhancing multicultural practice. Within the framework of a diversity course, I have developed a pedagogical practice for training social workers to work in a diverse, multicultural reality. Students conduct an ethnographic interview with a person from a different, unfamiliar group, creating an encounter with the other. They then analyze the interview and complete a written reflective assignment. The interview and accompanying assignment allow students to reflect critically on how their image of the other is socially constructed and on the essential role of context and power relations in the construction of the other, the self, and the relationship between them.

Exploring the Types of Counselors according to Counseling Training, Multicultural Counseling Education, and Multicultural Counseling Practice

Exploring the Types of Counselors according to Counseling Training, Multicultural Counseling Education, and Multicultural Counseling Practice

Dimensions of Multicultural Education: Pedagogical Practices Knowledge of Graduate Students Towards Multicultural Education in Turkey

This qualitative case study aimed to examine teachers’ and teacher candidates’ who are graduate-level students at a public university views on and perceptions of multicultural education and its dimensions in the Turkish context. For this study, the research question was created to examine how participants’ understandings of multicultural education can help them to apply their pedagogical practices in classrooms in Turkey. For this examination, the dimensions of multicultural education that were created by James Banks have shaped the students’ possible multicultural practices related to their classrooms, curricula, and schools. This study was conducted at the Alpha University (pseudonym), located in the Marmara Region of Turkey. The data were collected from semi-structured interviews, written documents, focus group interview, classroom observation, and fieldnotes. According to the findings, the participants gave various examples of how their pedagogical practices related to dimensions of multicultural education could be applied to schools. While some of these dimensions can be found in the participants' understandings in a straightforward manner and can be explained via useful practical examples, it is evident that some dimensions are lacking with regard to practical applications. However, especially with regard to teachers and teacher candidates who have graduated from elementary education programs, the examples they provide are similar and generally come from the same courses. They had problems providing more detailed examples of issues related to multiculturalism and diversity relevant to the content of different courses.

APA Multicultural Guidelines executive summary: Ecological approach to context, identity, and intersectionality.

The initial version of the Multicultural Guidelines, titled Guidelines on Multicultural Education, Training, Research, Practice, and Organizational Change for Psychologists, was published in 2002. Since then, there has been significant growth in research and theory regarding multicultural contexts. The revised Multicultural Guidelines are conceptualized to reconsider diversity and multicultural practice within professional psychology at this period in time, with intersectionality as its primary purview. Psychologists are encouraged to incorporate developmental and contextual antecedents of identity and consider how they can be acknowledged, addressed, and embraced to generate more effective models of professional engagement. The Multicultural Guidelines incorporate broad reference group identities that acknowledge within-group differences and the role of self-definition. Identity is shaped across contexts and time by cultural influences including age, generation, gender, gender identity, ethnicity, race, religion, spirituality, language, sexual orientation, social class, education, employment, ability status, national origin, immigration status, and historical as well as ongoing experiences of marginalization. The theoretical model, a layered ecological model of the Multicultural Guidelines, is presented along with 10 corresponding guidelines. The guidelines are applicable to psychologists in their work with clients, students, research participants, and in practice, education, research, and/or consultation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

MULTICULTURALISM IN EDUCATION INSTITUTION: STUDY ON MULTICULTURALISM PRACTICE IN WIJAYA KUSUMA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL LASEM – REMBANG

RESEARCH - is conducted to examine how multiculturalism is carried out in the field of educational. This research is intended to create a learning model that is able to produce multicultural products in Elementary School. Through ethnographic methods, this study found that the multiculturalism practice in SD Wijayakusuma had happened, it can be seen by the dynamic interaction between inclusive actors. Elementary school students are openly abled to interact others without distinguishing ethnicity, religion, race and class. They have relation just the way they are, self openess, all students can be friends with anyone and express themselves without fear of threats from any parties.Good interaction have been seen among students then create mutual appreciation and respect each others. In addition, this research also found that the factor that support multiculturalism creation in research locations such as: foundation policies and school’s key person who develop schools without any limitation of religion, ethnicity, culture, mutual appreciation and respectfull.Meanwhile, other supporting factors are: infrastructure facilities for extracurricular cross ethnic activities; school changing name, free uniforms on Friday, teacher who have a sense of tolerance toward student, non-discriminatory school rules, meetings or deliberation between school and parent, mix-cultural arts between Javanese and Chinese, celebrating religious holidays, helping each other in preparation for religious activities, as well as the people enthusiasm who were very enthusiastic about the school.Based on the findings, the researcher suggested: schools must provide more inclusive service space without discriminating between students. Improving the student facilities needed, holding joint activity that entertain community to show mutual appreciation and respect people each other. Even though they are different, they can still communicate each other. That’s why people put great expectation and abled give full support to the institutional of SD Wijayakusuma.

State of the art in U.S. multicultural social work practice: Client expectations and provider challenges

ABSTRACTTo obtain a comprehensive view of the level of knowledge and development achieved in multicultural social work practice, I conducted a scoping review of U.S. empirical literature for the 10-year period from 2007 through 2016. The review revealed that across the board racial and ethnic minority clients continue to experience marginalization and report low satisfaction with services. Conversely, providers are subject to some tensions and biases toward multicultural practice exacerbated by employers’ lack of emphasis on cultural competence. The problematic findings from the review suggest that our current approaches to cultural competence may need to be reexamined.

The Transcultural Projections of the Strategies of Global Integration of the Contemporary Multicultural Societies

The article deals with the innovative theoretical problems related to the research of the prospects for the further development of the integrative multicultural practices and the harmonization of intercultural communications in the multicultural societies of the modern world under economic, political, and cultural globalization. The author presents the characteristic of the conceptual evolution of the idea of ​​multicultural coexistence and analyses the cognitive potential of the concepts of acculturation and cultural diffusion in the cultural and sociological studies. The scientific significance of generalization of the specialized knowledge concerning the real practices of realization of the multicultural projects into the processes of organizing the social order of modern societies under the contexts of increasing the global social movements of the forced and voluntary character of various ethnocultural groups and communities is argued. The article substantiates the need for wider use in scientific studies the concept of transculturalism which has distinct perspectives to become an effective methodological tool to provide the non-violent coexistence of interacting ethnocultural communities presenting different national-states and regional unions. The author identifies specific problematic complexes of transcultural studies paying attention: 1) to the problem of basic determinants that restrict the global universalism of multicultural politics; 2) to the problem of identification of the most conflicting spheres of the contemporary multicultural world; 3) to the problems of the integrative potential of new socio-cultural phenomena. Further scientific researches will contribute to the creation of a new conceptual model of the transcultural integration of contemporary societies.

The Case of “Rosa”: AEDP in the Realm of Cultural Diversity—One's New Language as a Vehicle for Exploring New Aspects of Identity

Vigoda Gonzalez’s (2018) case study provides an excellent illustration of how AEDP leads to deep and effective treatment for a client with attachment trauma, leading not only to significant symptom reduction but also to profound change for the better. In this review, I provide additional observations and analysis of AEDP as reflected in this case, both in terms of specific interventions and the phenomenology of transformation. From the practice of multiculturalism in psychotherapy, I also highlight Vigoda Gonzalez’s bi-linguistic ability and bi-cultural background as facilitative for the therapy process. I examine the various factors that play into the impact of ethnicity/language-matching, and suggest that the lack of such matching is by no means an automatic hindrance for the therapy process. Similarly a client's choosing to speak in a language not native to them in therapy can be a vehicle for the exploration of new experiences, and new aspects of self. It is my belief that what is most important is for the culturally sensitive therapist to actively explore different means of communication within and beyond the boundaries of language, thus staying closely attuned to the client’s emotional experiences.