Multicultural Counseling Research Articles

Healing justice in multicultural counseling

AbstractPrioritizing healing for Latinx youth involves more than increased access to mental health resources. Community‐based educators are articulating a vision of healing justice that combines psychological healing and social change. In this paper, we draw on 2 years of collaborative community‐engaged co‐design with youth and young adults of color to propose a framework for healing justice in youth development and education spaces. We discuss the relevance of this healing justice paradigm for approaches to counseling Latinx youth.

Structure and Longitudinal Invariance of the Multicultural Awareness, Knowledge, and Skills Survey – Counselor Edition – Revised

Objective Determine the structure of the Multicultural Awareness, Knowledge, and Skills Survey-Counselor Edition-Revised (MAKSS-CE-R) and whether it is invariant across groups and over time. Method We used structural equation modeling and data from counseling students (n = 147) as well as students in an interprofessional Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment training (n = 248). Results MAKSS-CE-R responses reflected six factors, suggesting neither three nor a single score sufficiently summarize them. Strong partial invariance held between groups as did strict longitudinal invariance. Synchronous and longitudinal correlations, as well as temporal factor mean changes, further suggest one or a few scores may be insufficient and raise questions about the validity of the awareness subscale. Conclusions Research should further evaluate measures of multicultural counseling competence (MCC) and explore whether the use of too few scores can explain why therapist rated MCC has been uncorrelated with client outcomes. Significance Measures of MCC are key in preparing counselors and other helping professionals to serve diverse clients. Our results suggest too few scores are used to summarize responses to a popular MCC measure, thereby informing future research and providing a potential explanation of the lack of correlation between MCC and client outcomes.

Mediating effect of bicultural acceptability among multicultural adolescents in the relationship between depression and life satisfaction

AimThis descriptive study examines the mediating and moderating effects of an attitude of bicultural acceptance on the relationship between depression and life satisfaction among multicultural adolescents in South Korea. MethodThis study analyzes 2018 data provided by the National Youth Policy Institute using the R statistics 4.1.1. program. Descriptive statistics were assessed, and frequency analysis and regression analysis were employed. ResultsBicultural acceptance attitude has a moderating effect and a partial mediating effect on the relationship between depression and life satisfaction. DiscussionMulticultural education and multicultural counseling programs should be directed by policy and provided continuously in schools and local communities to enhance an understanding of multiculturalism and the acceptance of dual cultures.

The Mediator Role of Cognitive Flexibility Levels in the Relationship Between Authenticity Levels and Multicultural Counseling Competence Perceptions of Psychological Counselors

This study examines the mediating role of cognitive flexibility levels in the relationship between counselors' authenticity levels and their perceptions of multicultural counseling competence. In the study, a relational survey model was employed. The study group consisted of 617 counselors, 493 female and 124 male, living in various cities in Turkey. "Personal Information Form", "Authenticity Scale", "Multicultural Counseling Competencies Scale" and "Cognitive Flexibility Inventory" were used for data collection. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was used to analyze the data. As a result of the study, it was determined that there were significant positive correlations between counselors' authenticity levels, cognitive flexibility levels, and their perceptions of multicultural counseling competencies. While the direct effect of authenticity levels on multicultural counseling competence perceptions was insignificant, the total and indirect effects were found to be significant. In this context, it was found that the cognitive flexibility levels of the counselors play a full mediating role in the relationship between their authenticity levels and their perceptions of multicultural counseling competence. The results were discussed and evaluated within the framework of the relevant literature. Finally, based on the findings of the study, suggestions were made for researchers and practitioners.

The new wave: Integrating artificial intelligence into ethical and multicultural counselling

The new wave: Integrating artificial intelligence into ethical and multicultural counselling

Relational processes of cultural humility in counseling: A structural equation modeling study

AbstractThe relational nature of cultural humility (CH) has been evident since the beginning of its conceptual and empirical explorations in multicultural counseling. However, few studies have intentionally used a theory‐driven framework to examine the relational processes of CH. In the current study, we used a structural equation modeling approach to examine the relationships between CH, empathy, therapeutic working alliance, and real relationship through a common factors framework. Using a sample of 610 adult counseling clients, we found that CH accounted for approximately 60% of the variance in the working alliance and 58% of the variance in the real relationship. Moreover, we found that empathy partially mediated the dispositional and situational effects of CH on both relational outcomes. We discussed strategies to cultivate CH in counseling relationships. We also recommended future researchers identify other theoretically related mediators and moderators.

“A weight to carry”: Experiences of masters‐level counseling faculty teaching a multicultural counseling course

“A weight to carry”: Experiences of masters‐level counseling faculty teaching a multicultural counseling course

Counselors’ Self-Efficacy: The Role of Multicultural Counseling Competencies, Social Justice, and Homosexuality Attitudes

Counselor self-efficacy is one of the significant features of counselors that play a role in providing effective counseling services. Variables that predict counseling self-efficacy such as age, gender, supervision, and multicultural counseling competencies are counselor features which have been examined in the literature. However, the relationships between counselor self-efficacy and multicultural competencies, social justice, and homosexuality attitudes, which are the core concepts of counselor education and training, have not been examined. In this regard, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of multicultural counseling competencies, social justice, and homosexuality attitudes on the self-efficacy perceptions of counselor candidates. Fourth-grade psychological counseling and guidance students studying at various state universities in the 2020-201 academic year participated in this study. The study group of this research consisted of 277 (193 women, %69,7%) 4th-grade psychological counseling and guidance students. Multiple regression analysis and correlation analysis were utilized for the data analysis. While multicultural counseling competencies and social justice attitudes of the counselor candidates explained 36% of the variance of counselor self-efficacy, homosexuality attitudes had no predictive power on counseling self-efficacy.

Development of a Hybrid Training Package of Narrative Counseling Based on Parebhasan Culture to Improve Counselor Skills in Madura

Multicultural counseling is an essential approach for counseling services in Indonesia, with thousands of cultures and local wisdom. Multicultural Counselling is one of the keys to understanding the student's views, characteristics, and values based on their cultural background. One of the multicultural counseling developments is integrating Madhura's Parebhasan into the narrative counseling model. This research aims to develop a hybrid training design to improve counselor skills using narrative counseling based on Madhura's Parebhasan. This research used ADDIE's model to develop the training program. Data collection from 20 counselors in Madura used the reflection and training test and performance observation form. Data analysis uses descriptive, graphical, correlation, and regression analysis. The research results show that mastery of the material and practices in training affect the counselor's performance. Five Madhura's Parebhasans are integrated and suitable for escalating the effect of the narrative counseling procedure. The hybrid training package of Narrative Counseling based on Parebhasan has been developed and validated in practice. This research suggests testing the effectiveness and evaluating the implementation for the specific needs and problems of the students.

International Migrants in Counseling Literature

With the increasing number of international migrants worldwide and the emphasis on multicultural counseling competence and social justice, counseling professionals must learn more about how to work with this population. To address this need, we conducted a 36-year (1988-2023) content analysis of counseling literature focused on international migrants (i.e., immigrants and refugees) in 21 American Counseling Association-Affiliated Journals. Our analysis of 80 related journal articles aimed to explore publication trends, researched topics, and research methods related to this population, offering implications for counselors, researchers, and the counseling profession. The study underscored the significance of culturally sensitive counseling for international migrants, highlighting the necessity for advocacy efforts in the counseling profession to support the mental health needs of international migrants. We recommended that counselors remain informed about research and utilize digital and interdisciplinary approaches to enhance their support of international migrants.

Personal and Academic Multicultural Experiences, Perceived Multicultural Counselling Competence and Multicultural Counselling Self-efficacy Among Malaysian Counsellor Trainees

The counsellor trainees’ self-efficacy is indirectly influenced by what they have experienced in their personal or academic lives, and the experience does contribute to their knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes. Nevertheless, sufficient evidence to elaborate on the reciprocal interactions in the context of counselling is still limited. Therefore, this descriptive-correlational study intends to investigate the connection between Malaysian counsellor trainees’ perceived multicultural counselling competence and self-efficacy and their personal and academic multicultural experiences. All four instruments had been adapted and translated into Malay before being completed by 208 randomly selected counsellor trainees. According to the study’s findings, counsellor trainees scored high on academic multicultural experience but low on personal multicultural experience. They also gained high scores for multicultural counselling self-efficacy and moderate perceived multicultural counselling competence. Importantly, findings revealed substantial correlations between perceived multicultural counselling competence and self-efficacy with academic multicultural experience. Overall, the finding highlights the practice of experiential pedagogy in the multicultural counselling course and encourages collaborative efforts involving faculty members and programme providers in developing and sustaining students’ or counsellor trainees’ multicultural counselling competency and self-efficacy growth.

Multicultural Academic Experience and Multicultural Counselling Competency in Addressing Polygamous Family Structures Among Registered Counsellors in Malaysia

To effectively conduct counselling sessions, professional counsellors in Malaysia need to possess multicultural competence, especially considering the discrepancies between the ideal and the actual understanding of polygamous marriages. This study examines the relationship between multicultural academic experience, multicultural counselling competency, and the competency of counsellors in addressing polygamous family structures among 370 registered counsellors in Malaysia. The collected data was analysed using Pearson Correlations, One-Way ANOVA and Multiple Regressions. The findings indicate that the respondents demonstrated high multicultural academic experience and multicultural counselling competency. There was a significant positive correlation between multicultural academic experience and multicultural counselling competency, as well as the competency of counsellors in handling polygamous families. Moreover, there were noteworthy variations in competency levels based on ethnicity. This study highlights the crucial role of multicultural academic experience and multicultural counselling competency in predicting the competency of counsellors when dealing with polygamous families. Further validation of the Counselors’ Multicultural Competency on the Polygamous Family Structure Scale is recommended in future studies encompassing larger and more diverse populations.

Ethno-Religious Engagement, Minority Experiences, and Strengthening American Jewish Identity

Despite the complexity of and threats to American Jewish identity, little is known regarding how it is strengthened in adulthood. The purpose of this quantitative descriptive study was to understand the types of activities and minority experiences that strengthen Jewish identity and how this may differ from those with higher religious and cultural identification. Participants included 546 Jewish adults from 39 states who completed a survey covering topics related to Jewish activities, minority experiences, belongingness, continuity, Jewish identity, and demographics. Results indicated that regardless of cultural or religious identification, there were many similarly endorsed activities and minority experiences, even negative ones, that strengthen Jewish identity among adults. Implications for multicultural counseling competency when working with American Jews and ethno-religious identity are discussed.

Cultural Intelligence Profile of Junior High School Counsellors and Its Implication on Multicultural Counseling

The diversity of ethnicities, religions, and races that exist in Indonesia contribute to the country's characterization as a nation with a multitude of cultures. In the context of the relationship between counselor and counselee, cultural diversity is a significant concern. The comprehension, awareness, and work behavior of the counselee's cultural diversity is indicative of the counselor's cultural intelligence. The concept of cultural intelligence is a crucial aspect that counselors must consider when providing multicultural counseling services. The objectives of this research are to determine the description of counselors' cultural intelligence and its application in multicultural counseling. The research employed a quantitative research survey design for junior high school counselors in Malang Regency. For the research instrument, this study employed an intelligence scale adapted from Early and Ang. The data were analyzed descriptively in order to describe the counselor's cultural intelligence profile. The results indicated that metacognitive indicators exhibited the highest proportion, with 40% falling within the very high category, while behavioral indicators exhibited the lowest proportion, with 5% falling within the deficient category. The results of the study indicate that there is a need for counseling assistance in the behavioral aspect of cultural intelligence in order to facilitate the implementation of multicultural counseling. In essence, cultural intelligence represents a form of counselor multicultural competence that is necessary for the implementation of multicultural counseling. An increase in cultural intelligence thus supports an increase in multicultural counseling.

Psychometric Properties of the California Brief Multicultural Competence Scale (CBMCS) in a Turkish Counselor Sample

The practice and measurement of multicultural counseling competencies have become key issues in the counseling field in recent years. The present study examines the psychometric properties of the California Brief Multicultural Competence Scale (CBMCS) with Turkish counselors and counselor candidates based on the participation of 284 individuals (Mage = 26.10, SD = 6.92, 76.4% female). Confirmatory factor analyses were performed to test the structural validity of the CBMCS. The four-factor structure of the CBMCS was confirmed in the Turkish context (RMSEA = .039, CFI = .979, TLI = .976). The instrument can be used for various purposes such as the measurement of multicultural competencies, the influence of education and training, and cross-cultural research.

Disability Training and Programme Conduciveness in Counselor Education: A Preliminary Assessment

ABSTRACT Counselors from all speciality areas should be prepared to serve people with disabilities (PWDs). Thus, we examined how counselling students in CACREP accredited programmes evaluate their disability training and their programmes’ disability conduciveness, and how it differs by speciality area. Effects of discrimination, ableism, power, privilege, and oppression on the life of PWDs, disability multicultural counselling competencies, and environmental, attitudinal, and individual barriers for PWDs were the training areas with highest three mean scores, indicating greater student satisfaction. Specific skills for leading a group consists of PWDs, sexual and reproductive concerns of PWDs, and parenting by parents with disabilities had the lowest three mean scores, indicating lower level of satisfaction. Results highlighted the inadequacy in disability training for clinical mental health and school counselling programmes. For disability conduciveness, almost one-fourth of the participants reported their programmes not meeting any of the criteria.

Multicultural Counseling Skills Evaluation Form: A Tool for Clinical Supervision

As trainees’ development of multicultural counseling skills has become integral to graduate training in the mental health professions, so has the necessity of competent supervision for developing these skills. A critical component of supervision is evaluation, the process of observing, judging, and providing feedback to supervisees about their development. However, there is a paucity of guidance and resources available to assist supervisors in evaluating the multicultural skill development of supervisees. Such a vacuum opens the door for considerable bias as well as judgmental and inferential errors, resulting in the real possibility of unsound, unreliable, and invalid evaluations of supervisee development. This article presents the Multicultural Counseling Skills Evaluation Form (MCSEF), a 23-item instrument designed to fill the vacuum. The conceptual foundation of the form, development of items and revisions through expert review, potential utility in training and evaluation, and limitations are discussed.

Teaching Implicit Bias in Multicultural Counseling Courses: Framework, Tools, and Limitations

Teaching Implicit Bias in Multicultural Counseling Courses: Framework, Tools, and Limitations

Analysing the effects of multicultural counselling challenges facing youths in Kisii Central Sub-County, Kisii County, Kenya

Analysing the effects of multicultural counselling challenges facing youths in Kisii Central Sub-County, Kisii County, Kenya

상담자의 다문화 상담 경험이 다문화 상담역량에 미치는 영향에서 역전이 관리능력의 매개효과

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediation effect of countertransference management in the relationship of multicultural counseling experience and multicultural counseling competence. To this end, an online survey data from 251 counselors was analyzed. The research results are as follows. First, it was confirmed that there was a statistically significant positive correlation between the counselor's multicultural counseling experience, multicultural counseling competence, and countertransference management. Second, countertransference management was found to have a partial mediating effect as a result of examining the mediating effect on the counselor's multicultural counseling experience and multicultural counseling competence. The results confirmed that the counselor's multicultural counseling experience had a direct influence on multicultural counseling competence with a partial mediating effect of countertransference management.