Multicomponent Plasma Research Articles

Dust ion acoustic shock and solitary waves in a magnetized multi-component plasma with superthermal electrons

The nonlinear wave propagation in dusty plasmas has received great interest in recent decades due to its significance in interpreting some astrophysical phenomenon. Wave propagation in dust-particle plasmas is likely to differ significantly from that in normal plasmas. Depending on their time scales, several types of acoustic waves propagate in dusty plasmas. The propagation of DIA waves was investigated through a system of multi-component dusty plasma. The study shows the effect of the magnetic field and superthermal parameters on the Sagdeev potential. The Sagdeev potential falls with decreasing ω ci values and rising superthermal parameter k values. Bifurcation analysis is taken into our consideration and shown graphically under the two conditions (A > 0 ) and (A < 0). The presented theoretical work is useful in fully understanding disturbances of the electrostatic in space dusty plasmas.

Higher-order shock wave structures and phase plane analysis in multicomponent dusty plasma

In this investigation, dust acoustic (DA) shocks and dressed shocks formed due to the contribution of higher-order effects in a non-Maxwellian plasma have been examined. The reductive perturbation method is employed to derive the nonlinear Burgers and Burgers-type inhomogeneous equations with the contribution of higher-order effects of nonlinearity and dissipation. The properties of dust acoustic shocks and higher order (dressed shocks) are examined from the solutions of these nonlinear equations under the effect of various plasma parameters. Furthermore, the travelling wave analysis is used to obtain the dynamical system for the Burgers equation using bifurcation theory. The characteristic properties of DA periodic waves have also been analysed under the influence of various plasma parameters.

Theoretical Study and PIC Verification on High-Voltage Child-Sheath of Mixed Deuterium–Titanium Plasmas

In this article, we build a universal kinetic model of a high-voltage Child-sheath formed by any mixed multicomponent plasmas with arbitrary mixing proportions and arbitrary sheath-entering velocities. Based on the model, the characteristics of high-voltage Child-sheath of mixed deuterium-titanium plasmas are numerically studied. The theoretical and numerical results demonstrate as follows. The width of the Child-sheath will increase and the electric field intensity on target will decrease by decreasing the sheath-entering velocity of D+ or Ti2+, increasing the mixing proportion of D+, or decreasing the density of mixed plasmas. Through the above ways, extracted ions could achieve convergent transportations and the risk of breakdown on target could be also reduced. As the increase of applied voltage, the range of the stable ion-extraction operating region will be first enlarged and then reduced. By increasing the mixing proportion of D+ or decreasing the sheath-entering velocity of D+ or Ti2+, the range of stable ion-extraction operating region could be notably increased. The proposed kinetic model is verified by using a self-programed 1-D and three velocity components-particle in cell (1-D3V-PIC) code, the PIC simulation results agree with the theoretical solutions of the kinetic model very well. The presented universal kinetic model could give a fast estimation of stable operation region for ion extraction, and the above theoretical results could also give some beneficial references for experiments.

Modulated ion-acoustic wavepackets in a multi-component dense plasma with Thomas-Fermi distribution

Modulated ion acoustic wavepackets have been investigated in a multi-component, dense plasma containing degenerate electrons/positrons, and positive/negative ions. The electrons and positrons assumed to be followed Thomas-Fermi distribution, while the ions considered to be classic. Employing a multi-scale perturbation technique, the nonlinear Schrödinger equation is derived. The criteria for the occurrence of modulational instability of the modulated ion acoustic waves are analyzed. The influences of plasma parameters on the modulational instability and its growth rate have been discussed. The envelope solitons have been discussed as well. The results showed that both modulationally unstable domain and stable domain can be found, depending on the plasma parameters. It is also found that the width of the envelop solitons are significantly modified by related plasma parameters. The present results will be useful in understanding the conditions for modulational instability of ion acoustic waves which are relevant to both space and laboratory dense plasmas.

Propagation of shock wave of the time‐fractional Gardner Burger equation in a multicomponent plasma using novel analytical method

The time‐fractional Gardner Burger (TFGB) equation is an efficient tool for studying nonlinear fluctuations of different types of the wave profiles, such as the gravity solitary waves in the ocean and the dust ion acoustic wave (DIAW) in a plasma environment. Here, to create an example for the existence of the classical Gardner Burger (GB) equation, a multicomponent plasma environment is considered and a classical GB equation has been derived using the basic governing equation by employing reductive perturbation technique (RPT). In addition, employing Agrawal's technique, the classical GB equation is transformed to the TFGB equation by applying the Riesz fractional derivative to the time‐fractional term. To solve TFGB equations, a new approach, utilizing the improved Bernoulli subequation function method (IBSEFM), is adopted. The physical structures of the solution are explored through some two‐ and three‐dimensional figures, and the significant impact of Burgers term and fractional order of the TFGB equation are demonstrated numerically. Finally, the wave dynamics of the DIAW in the parametric space for the present plasma environment are described from the numerical understanding.

Propagating characteristics of nonlinear dust acoustic solitary waves in multicomponent dusty plasma

Nowadays, the dusty plasma has become an interesting new branch of the plasma physics. As is well known, the dusty plasmas play a significant role in the space, astrophysical and laboratory environments. In these days, the studying of the nonlinear waves in dusty plasma has attracted researchers’ attention, in order to explain many basic phenomena in the plasma physics. The nonlinear waves play an important role in studying dusty plasma environments, such as the aster-oid zones, the earth’s mesosphere, and the planetary rings. In this work, the propagating characteristics of nonlinear dust acoustic solitary waves in a multicomponent dusty plasma which is composed of positively charged dust particles, streaming protons and electrons, Kappa distributed electrons and ions are studied in detail. The Sagdeev potential method is employed to investigate the large amplitude dust acoustic waves. It has an evidence for the existence of compressive and rarefractive solitary waves. With the help of the Sagdeev potential method, the Sagdeev potential function and the bifurcation analysis of phase-portrait are obtained. Firstly, the Sagdeev potential function is obtained by the Sagdeev potential method. Then, the variations of phase diagram with different parameters in a two-dimensional autonomous system in the multicomponent dusty plasma system are investigated. It is found that the system has the linear wave solutions, nonlinear wave solutions, and solitary wave solutions at the same time. Meanwhile, the existence of different wave behaviors is closely related to various system factors. Moreover, it is found that only the rarefractive solitary waves exist in the multicomponent dusty plasma system by using the numerical simulation technique. Finally, the important influence of system parameter on the phase diagram, the Sagdeev potential function and the propagating characteristics of nonlinear dust acoustic solitary waves are discussed clearly. The results show that the different system parameters such as Mach number &lt;i&gt;M&lt;/i&gt;, the masses, the temperatures, the number densities, the charge numbers of multiple particles and the Kappa distribution parameters for ions and electrons have important effects on the amplitudes, the widths and the waveforms of nonlinear dust acoustic solitary waves.

Peculiarities of ULF wave characteristics in a multicomponent ionospheric plasma

We have examined the properties of low-frequency electromagnetic waves in multicomponent ionospheric plasma in the 1–30 Hz band, using the magnetoionic theory. Complex permittivity tensor components and refractive indices of normal waves (ordinary and extraordinary) were calculated at altitudes from 80 to 750 km. The calculations show that the refractive indices are highly dependent on frequency and height. Polarization of ordinary and extraordinary waves is elliptical over the entire range of the frequencies investigated. The refractive index and the polarization of normal waves are demonstrated to tend to magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) values only at frequencies lower than 1 Hz. The group velocity vector of an extraordinary wave is not directed along the magnetic field, as follows from the MHD approximation, but it lies inside a cone within ±(5–10) degrees, depending on frequency. The group velocity vector of an ordinary wave is practically independent of the angle with the geomagnetic field as in the MHD approximation. The proposed method for calculating the characteristics of normal waves in the ionosphere can be used to study ULF wave propagation from both natural and artificial ionospheric sources, which arise under the action of powerful HF radio waves in the lower and upper ionosphere.

Особенности характеристик КНЧ-волн в многокомпонентной ионосферной плазме

We have examined the properties of low-frequency electromagnetic waves in multicomponent ionospheric plasma in the 1–30 Hz band, using the magnetoionic theory. Complex permittivity tensor components and refractive indices of normal waves (ordinary and extraordinary) were calculated at altitudes from 80 to 750 km. The calculations show that the refractive indices are highly dependent on frequency and height. Polarization of ordinary and extraordinary waves is elliptical over the entire range of the frequencies investigated. The refractive index and the polarization of normal waves are demonstrated to tend to magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) values only at frequencies lower than 1 Hz. The group velocity vector of an extraordinary wave is not directed along the magnetic field, as follows from the MHD approximation, but it lies inside a cone within ±(5–10) degrees, depending on frequency. The group velocity vector of an ordinary wave is practically independent of the angle with the geomagnetic field as in the MHD approximation. The proposed method for calculating the characteristics of normal waves in the ionosphere can be used to study ULF wave propagation from both natural and artificial ionospheric sources, which arise under the action of powerful HF radio waves in the lower and upper ionosphere.

Study of magnetized multi-component plasma sheath containing charged dust particles in presence of oblique magnetic field: a fluid approach

The dynamics of low-temperature magnetized multi-component dusty plasma sheath structures have been investigated with finite ion temperature in presence of an oblique magnetic field using the one-dimensional multi-fluid model. The parametric changes inside the sheath are estimated in presence of charged dust species having nano-meter (nm) sizes. In presence of charged dust inside the sheath, the ions are found to get accumulated near the sheath edge, hence the ion density is decreased towards the wall. Further, with the increase in magnetic field strength, the peaking of ion densities near the sheath edge has been found to be intensified. The magnetic field orientation has also played a crucial role in the bunching of the ions near the sheath edge. An increase in the magnetic field obliqueness has also contributed to intensifying the ion bunching. It has also been observed that the sheath potential is substantially changed. In addition, we also investigated and presented the influence of dust species presence on the electron density inside the sheath. A qualitative explanation of the phenomenon that occurs due to the presence of dust species is presented.

Influence of Xenon–Fluorine–Sulfur Hexafluoride (Xe+–F−–SF6−) and Argon-Fluorine-Sulfur Hexafluoride (Ar+–F−–SF6−) Streaming on Dust Surface Potential (DSP) That Has Cairn–Tsallis Distributed Plasmas

The dust grain surface potential is examined analytically and numerically in dusty plasmas containing negative/positive ion species by using the Cairn Tsallis (non-Maxwellian) dusty plasma. The equations for the dust-charging process are derived to solve the current balance equation for the xenon–fluorine–sulfur hexafluoride and argon–fluorine–sulfur hexafluoride plasmas. The charging process affected by plasma properties such as spectral indices α and q, in addition to positive ion streaming (UAr+ and UXe+) and negative ion streaming (UF− and USF6−) of both types of plasmas, is examined. Our findings suggest that considering a wide range of Xe+−F−−SF6− and Ar+−F−−SF6− masses is critical for understanding plasma physics, specifically multi-component plasmas.

Propagation of different kinds of non-linear ion-acoustic waves in Earth’s magnetosphere

The non-linear propagation of different kinds of ion-acoustic waves (IAWs) in multi-component plasma involving proton beam, positive ions and isothermal electrons has been studied. Using the derivative expansion method of basic equations, namely the hydrodynamic and Poisson equations, they are reduced to a single evolution equation of the non-linear Schrödinger (NLS)-type equation. By applying this model to plasma formed in Earth’s magnetosphere, different waves can be predicted that express the properties of the plasma. Using the separating variables method and the \(G^{{\prime}}/G\)-expansion method, we derived the exact analytical solutions to the evolution equation by using different solution regions in which non-linear waves are defined. A comparison has been made between the solutions describing the differential equation in each region in which the solution can appear using the data on the Earth’s magnetosphere in the study by Alotaibi et al. (2021).

On the morphology of electrostatic solitary waves in the Earth’s aurora

Electrostatic solitary waves (ESWs) have been detected in abundance in Space plasma observations, both by satellites in near-Earth plasma environments as well as by planetary missions, e.g. Cassini in Saturn or MAVEN in Mars. In their usual form, these are manifested as a bipolar electric field corresponding to a bell-shaped pulse in the electrostatic potential. Recent studies have suggested the existence of alternative forms of ESWs, including flat-top solitary waves (FTSWs) and supersolitary waves (SSWs), both of which are often encountered in Space observations such as in polar cap boundary layer, the auroral acceleration region and elsewhere. This article focuses on the existence and characterization of different types of electrostatic solitary waves in multicomponent Space plasmas. Relying on a multi-fluid plasma model, comprising two types of ions and two different electron populations, we have identified the conditions for existence of flat-top solitary waves and supersolitons, in contrast to “standard" solitary waves. Both ion species are models as cold fluids, for simplicity. Our analysis reveals that the coexistence of the two electron populations is pivotal for the formation of such non-standard electrostatic structures, and that their characteristic parameters (temperature, density ratio) plays a decisive role in their generation and structural characteristics. Nonetheless, while supersolitary waves may exist in a wide range of parameter values (as confirmed by earlier theoretical studies), it appears that flat-top solitary waves will occur in a narrow window in the parameter region, which may explain their scarce (but non-negligible) frequency of observation. Our theoretical findings confirm and validate the existence of alternative (non-conventional) ESW waveforms in auroral plasma (in addition to the ubiquitous bipolar electric field form), where such an electron coexistence is typically observed.

Electron-Beam Deposition of Metal and Ceramic-Based Composite Coatings in the Fore-Vacuum Pressure Range

We present the experimental results on the fabrication of metal-ceramic coatings by electron-beam evaporation of alumina ceramic and copper powder composites with different fractions of the components (with Cu powder fraction from 0.1 to 20%) pre-sintered by an electron beam. The mass-to-charge composition of the multi-component plasma, generated in the electron beam transport region, was measured, demonstrating that the fraction of target ions in plasma grows with the electron beam power density. The morphology and electrical conductivity of fabricated coatings were investigated; it was found that the increase in Cu fraction in the deposited coating from 0 to 20% decreases both the volumetric and surface resistance of the coatings in around 8 orders of magnitude, thereby being a convenient tool to control the coating properties.

Fully Nonlinear Small Amplitude Dynamical Waves for Multicomponent Complex Plasma with Kappa Distributed Electrons and Ions

Multicomponent plasmas are ubiquitous in astrophysics and space plasma environments. In the present manuscript, we assumed a dusty plasma system consisting of negative and positive dust species and kappa-distributed electrons and ions. The analysis is based on the fluid model of plasmas, and the reductive perturbation method was used to study the behavior of propagating waves. New arbitrary parameters were obtained to measure the strength of nonlinearity, dispersion, and dissipation in the plasma system. We investigated the effects of the arbitrary parameters on the appearance of the different nonlinear waves as soliton, shock, and solitary waves. Furthermore, we studied the effects of the kappa parameter, the viscosity of dust species, and the ratio between the temperature of positive and negative dust species in the type of wave, i.e., compressive or rarefactive.

Rational Solitons in the Gardner-Like Models

Rational solutions of nonlinear evolution equations are considered in the literature as a mathematical image of rogue waves, which are anomalously large waves that occur for a short time. In this work, bounded rational solutions of Gardner-type equations (the extended Korteweg-de Vries equation), when a nonlinear term can be represented as a sum of several terms with arbitrary powers (not necessarily integer ones), are found. It is shown that such solutions describe first-order algebraic solitons, kinks, and pyramidal and table-top solitons. Analytical solutions are obtained for the Gardner equation with two nonlinear terms, the powers of which differ by a factor of 2. In other cases, the solutions are obtained numerically. Gardner-type equations occur in the description of nonlinear wave dynamics in a fluid layer with continuous or multilayer stratification, as well as in multicomponent plasma, and their solutions are used for the interpretation of rogue waves.

The Complexity in Dust Charging Process With Relativistic OLM Theory

The ability to self-organization is one of the important features of complex systems that is considered in the process of dust particle charging in space plasmas. The dust grain charging process is considered by the orbital-limited motion theory (OLM) theory with help of the relativistic kappa distribution, the relativistic cross section, and the kinetic model. It is indicated that the critical areas have unique properties that show the complexity in dusty plasma systems. In these areas, the Coulomb force between dust grain and plasma particle plays an important role and has a great influence on the charging process of dust grains. It is obtained that by increasing the electron-to-ion temperature ratio in the high dust grain densities, the relativistic effects increase and the electric potential of dust grain decreases. Moreover, it is indicated that by moving away from thermodynamic equilibrium (Maxwellian), the system tends to form multicomponent plasma more. As another result, the electric potential of the dust grain is much more affected by the nonextensive degree of the electron than the ion. Finally, it is observed that with the increase of dust grain density, the transition from dust in plasma to dusty plasma occurs and multicomponent plasma is formed.

Kinetic Generation of Whistler Waves in the Turbulent Magnetosheath.

The Earth's magnetosheath (MSH) is governed by numerous physical processes which shape the particle velocity distributions and contribute to the heating of the plasma. Among them are whistler waves which can interact with electrons. We investigate whistler waves detected in the quasi‐parallel MSH by NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale mission. We find that the whistler waves occur even in regions that are predicted stable to wave growth by electron temperature anisotropy. Whistlers are observed in ion‐scale magnetic minima and are associated with electrons having butterfly‐shaped pitch‐angle distributions. We investigate in detail one example and, with the support of modeling by the linear numerical dispersion solver Waves in Homogeneous, Anisotropic, Multicomponent Plasmas, we demonstrate that the butterfly distribution is unstable to the observed whistler waves. We conclude that the observed waves are generated locally. The result emphasizes the importance of considering complete 3D particle distribution functions, and not only the temperature anisotropy, when studying plasma wave instabilities.

Influence of the electron thermal conduction and ion kinetic effects on the structure of collisional plasma shocks

The evolution of collisional planar plasma shocks is investigated by using a hybrid fluid-particle-in-cell code, which enables the analysis of the impact of ion kinetic effects. The structure and propagation of shocks in multi-component plasmas with moderate density (1022∼1024 cm−3) are found to be strongly dependent on the electron thermal conduction and ion kinetic effects. In high electron heat flux cases, the electron thermal conduction creates a preheat layer ahead of the shock front, allowing the energetic ions to stream through the upstream plasma. It is found that the shock velocity drops by about 4.67% and the heatwave velocity increases about 47% when the electron flux limiter increases from fe=0.05 to 0.15. Furthermore, the inhibiting effect of high electron heat flux on the species separation induced by the shock in multi-component plasmas is observed. These results provide a new dataset valuable for benchmarking and improving radiation hydrodynamic models.

Interfacial properties of multicomponent plasma‐modified high‐performance fiber‐reinforced composites: A review

AbstractThis study reveals the interfacial properties of multicomponent plasma with four aspects, including cleaning, etching, functionalization, and polymerization. Particles formed by plasma ionization collide to form volatile groups, which can interact with the surface to form volatile substances that clean the surface. The multicomponent plasma etching effect on the surface is significant, and O2 and N2 may interact to improve oxidation capacity. Inert gas argon (Ar) can be combined with reactive gases O2, N2, and NH3 to introduce hydroxyl and amine groups and other active groups to change the surface's chemical structure. When a multicomponent plasma polymerizes, a film forms on the surface, changing the chemical composition. The cross‐linking of gases has a positive effect on the properties of the deposited layer as well. The treatment of various fiber materials, nanoparticles, polymer films, and matrix materials with multicomponent plasma is summarized. The multicomponent plasma significantly improves surface wettability and roughness, and oxygen species aid in the etching of nanomaterials, which improves interface properties. The gas types determine the groups introduced to the surface and the surface attachment site.

The analysis of the fractional-order system of third-order KdV equation within different operators

This paper studies the fractional system of the third-order Korteweg-De Vries equation under the fractional derivatives of Caputo, Atangana-Baleanu and Yang-Srivastava-Machado. The Homotopy perturbation transform technique defined with the Caputo, Atangana-Baleanu and Yang-Srivastava-Machado operators is applied to achieve the non-linear model’s actual results. This non-linear scheme generally arises as a description of waves in traffic flow, electric circuits, elastic media and electrodynamics, multi-component plasmas, shallow water waves etc. This research aims to develop a new class of methods that do not require small parameters to find approximate solutions of fractional coupled systems and eliminate unrealistically and linearization factors. Analytical simulation demonstrates that the suggested method is reliable, efficient, and straightforward to various physical systems. This study demonstrates that Homotopy perturbation transform method numerical solutions are very accurate and effective for analyzing the non-linear behavior of a system. According to the research, the Homotopy perturbation transform method is much easier, more convenient, and more efficient than other analytical techniques.