Multi-channel Power Research Articles

Design of a Low Power Multi-Channel 10Bit SAR ADC

To meet the demand of low power multi-channel ADCs, a 10bit 4-channels SAR ADC using CSMC 0.35um 3.3V 2P4M technology was designed. By optimizing the power dissipation of the interior comparator and the interior DAC, the designed ADC costs only 300uW under 2V single supply with a sampling rate as high as 300KS/s. Meanwhile 1024 points FFT was used with MATLAB tools to analysis and calculate the converted results of the SAR ADC and the calculated results shown the SNR is about 60dB, ENOB is 9.6bit, DNL is 0.033LSB and the INL is 0.312LSB.

Multi-channel power allocation based on market competitive equilibrium in cognitive radio networks

Cognitive radios such as intelligent phones and Bluetooth devices have been considered essential goods in next-generation communication systems. Such devices will have to share the same frequency band owing to the limited bandwidth resource. To improve spectrum efficiency, we formulate multi-channel power allocation as a market competitive equilibrium (CE) problem, and prove that its solution exists and is unique under the condition of weak interference. We then propose two distributed power allocation algorithms achieving CE, namely the fast convergent power allocation algorithm (FCPAA) and the social-fairness-aware FCPAA (SFAF). Theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms lead to better system performance in terms of the guaranteed interference temperature constraint using the price mechanism instead of a strategy based on the Nash equilibrium. Moreover, it is shown that the FCPAA maximizes total utility, and converges more quickly than the method addressed in prior research with the help of improved round-robin rules. However, the FCPAA cannot ensure the same social fairness among secondary users as the SFAF scheme in both the non-fading channel and Rayleigh fading channel; the SFAF balances the individual utility by adjusting each user’s budget at the expense of a small quantity of system total throughput.

MULTI–CHANNEL ADJUSTABLE DC POWER SUPPLY WITH SINGLE TRANSFORMER BASED ON SPECTRAL SEPARATION

Abstract To meet the need of multi-channel DC power supply to activate multiple macro fiber composite (MFC) material simultaneously, a novel multi-channel adjustable DC supply using single-input single-output transformer based on spectral separation is proposed. A hybrid signal containing multiple frequency bands is boosted to obtain a high-voltage signal without bands change. Several frequency selection circuits are then used to separate individual signals in different frequency band from the high-voltage signal. Finally, these signals are rectified and filtered respectively to obtain multiple channel DC voltages. The feasibility of the proposed scheme is analyzed theoretically and verified by simulation. The hybrid signal containing multiple frequency bands is constructed by MCU (Micro Control Unit) and boosted using push-pull boost circuit. Low-pass, band-pass and high-pass frequency selection circuits are used to obtain the individual high-voltage signal in different frequency bands, and the amplitude frequency response characteristics of these filters are simulated using PSpice. Experimental results prove that each part of the scheme runs reliable and the output is stable and adjustable.

Compact, wide bandwidth, multi-channel power dividers based on one-dimensional photonic crystal waveguides

We propose novel compact multiport power dividers based on one-dimensional photonic crystal omnidirectional reflective waveguides. The proposed power dividers have advantages of wide bandwidth, flexible extended output channel number and compact size. The power dividers are numerical simulations using finite-difference time-domain method. Near-complete transmission and uniform at every branch of output power of multi-port power dividers are observed within wide frequency range. For a 1D PhC 1×6 power divider, the six output port achieved nearly 16.5% transmission at each arm from 1545nm to 1553nm and the size of 1×6 power divider is 14.3μm×14.3μm at 1.55μm operation wavelength.

Research on Multi-Channel Adjustable DC Power Supply with Single Transformer

To meet the need of multi-channel DC power supply to activate multiple macro fiber composite (MFC) material simultaneously, a novel multi-channel adjustable DC supply using single-input single-output transformer based on spectral separation is proposed. A hybrid signal containing multiple frequency bands is boosted to obtain a high-voltage signal without bands change. Several frequency selection circuits are then used to separate individual signals in different frequency band from the high-voltage signal. Finally, these signals are rectified and filtered respectively to obtain multiple channel DC voltages. The feasibility of the proposed scheme is analyzed theoretically and verified by simulation. Experimental results prove that each part of the scheme runs reliable and the output is stable and adjustable.

Application of Auto-Control and Measurement System for Three Gorges Shiplocks Model

This paper mainly introduces the automatic control and measurement system of the TGP's double line five consecutive model. The water valve of locks must have multiple forms of open/close function, the control system uses microcomputer control multi-channel power stepping motor driven system, accomplish precise control according to the model test for the requirements of the valves open means .Measurement system, the real-time monitoring method, from all kinds of measuring sensor signals collection, for lock chamber filling drain hydraulic characteristic parameters and other parameters are automatically synchronized measurement. The test results show that the system is reliable, control and measurement accuracy satisfies the requirement of test.

Portable generator for deep electromagnetic soundings and monitoring of seismically active zones with the use of industrial power transmission lines

The structure and a possible practical application of the portable generator with extremely and super low frequency (ELF-SLF) range (0.1–200 Hz) and power of 2 kW are described. The generator is designed for deep sounding of the Earth’s crust for the purposes of mineral exploration and electromagnetic monitoring of source zones of earthquakes in seismically active regions. Computational and theoretical works, as well as numerical simulation for optimizing the generator’s parameters and element base, are carried out. The main constructive elements of the generator, namely, the power factor corrector, the driver control circuit for power transistors, the inverter of the high-frequency decoupling converter, the multichannel pulse power converter, the output inverter, and etc., are consistently described. The generator’s weight does not exceed 10 kg, and, therefore, the generator may be easily delivered to a testing site using any kind of transport, including planes. The generator is powered by the single-phase network with a voltage of 220 V. The full-scale testing of the generator is performed at the territory of the Yamalo-Nenets autonomous okrug via the connection to the high-voltage transmission line Urengoi-Pangody with a length of 114 km. The maximum current in the line is 12 A. The maximum distance of reliable signal recording is 110 km.

An Implantable Neural Sensing Microsystem with Fiber-Optic Data Transmission and Power Delivery

We have developed a prototype cortical neural sensing microsystem for brain implantable neuroengineering applications. Its key feature is that both the transmission of broadband, multichannel neural data and power required for the embedded microelectronics are provided by optical fiber access. The fiber-optic system is aimed at enabling neural recording from rodents and primates by converting cortical signals to a digital stream of infrared light pulses. In the full microsystem whose performance is summarized in this paper, an analog-to-digital converter and a low power digital controller IC have been integrated with a low threshold, semiconductor laser to extract the digitized neural signals optically from the implantable unit. The microsystem also acquires electrical power and synchronization clocks via optical fibers from an external laser by using a highly efficient photovoltaic cell on board. The implantable unit employs a flexible polymer substrate to integrate analog and digital microelectronics and on-chip optoelectronic components, while adapting to the anatomical and physiological constraints of the environment. A low power analog CMOS chip, which includes preamplifier and multiplexing circuitry, is directly flip-chip bonded to the microelectrode array to form the cortical neurosensor device.

Meter Data Management System with Multi-Channel Power Supply and Matrix Electrical Measurements

Today, due to the increase in smart grid and DC appliances implement the use of renewable energy, the power consumption of equipment and appliances can be monitored by smart outlet or smart meter. However, if every devices are installed a meter will be very expensive and lack of flexibility. This work proposes a combination of multi-channel power supply and matrix measurement of electrical meter data management system to increase system built facilitate and promote greater consumption analysis flexibility and benefits. The proposed method includes a programmable logic controller (PLC)based Multi-channel power supply switch circuit (MPSC), measurement control circuit and Zigbee intelligent socket (Smart Outlet) for collecting and controlling the power flow with wireless communication. Three types of wireless metering methods are used to compare cost and metering error rate. The experimental results reveal this work can be an efficient and low-cost metering solution.

An appication of PLDs in diode laser drivers

Firstly, this paper describes the main reasons of damages laser diodes. Then, it is proposed a new concept of a diode driver. Its concept, is based on switching a laser diode at zero conditions. This means that a diode should be turned on when the current throught it and voltage across it is safely small. This makes it necessary to concurrent change the several control parameters of the circuit. The PLDs, such as FPGAs, are excellent for controlling multi-parametric drivers. The presented idea can be applied not only in the laser diode drivers, but also in multichannel LEDs power supplies.

A compact beam focusing and steering element using quadrupoles with independently excited poles

Beam steering elements for accelerator beam transport are conventionally and conveniently incorporated into beamlines by fitting magnetic dipole elements around the vacuum tube of the line. Two steerers in each plane (X and Y) together with a quadrupole doublet constitute a module providing full control of the direction, position and focus of the beam. In some installations however, there may be insufficient space on the beamline to mount separate steerer elements. To provide steering capabilities in such a situation we have used a magnetic quadrupole doublet with the coils of each pole independently excited to synthesise the desired combination of quadrupole, horizontal dipole and vertical dipole fields. This paper describes the quadrupole steerer and its multichannel power supply and presents calculated magnetic field distributions together with raytracing simulation of its performance.

McPAO: A Distributed Multi-channel Power Allocation and Optimization Algorithm for Femtocells

Efficient radio resource management is a key issue in a multi-channel femtocell system, where femtocell base stations are deployed randomly and will generate interference to each other. In this research, we formulate multi-channel power allocation as a convex optimization problem, in order to maximize the overall system throughput under complex transmit power constraint. We apply the Lagrangian duality techniques to make the problem decomposable and propose a distributed iterative subgradient algorithm, namely Multi-channel Power Allocation and Optimization (McPAO). Specifically, McPAO consists of two phases: (I) a gradient projection algorithm to solve the optimal power allocation for each channel under a fixed Lagrangian dual cost; and (II) a subgradient algorithm to update the Lagrangian dual cost by using the power allocation results from Phase I. This two-phase iteration process continues until the Lagrangian dual cost converges to the optimal value. Numerical results show that our McPAO algorithm can improve the overall system throughput by 18 %, comparing to with fixed power allocation schemes. In addition, we study the impact of errors in gradient direction estimation (Phase I), which are caused by limited or delayed information exchange among femtocells in realistic situations. These errors will be propagated into the subgradient algorithm (Phase II) and, subsequently, affect the overall performance of McPAO. A rigorous analytical approach is developed to prove that McPAO can always achieve a bounded overall throughput performance very close to the global optimum.

Multichannel and Wideband Power Amplifier Design Methodology for 4G Communication Systems Based on Hybrid Class-J Operation

A methodology for the design of multichannel, wideband, highly efficient hybrid Class-J power amplifiers for fourth-generation (4G) communication transmitters is proposed. The design procedure is based on the automatic generation and evaluation of a vast number of output matching networks of the same topology but different dimensions, with respect to efficiency, output power, and linearity. The approach can find application in the management of the efficiency/linearity/bandwidth tradeoff in amplifier design. In this paper, two matching network architectures have been considered. One multistubbed network and a stepped-impedance microstrip line network. The approach has been validated through the design, simulation, and measurement of two power amplifiers realized using the aforementioned procedure. The first amplifier covers 1.6-2.2 GHz (31.6% fractional bandwidth) with 55%-68% drain efficiency at the 2-dB compression point and worst case adjacent channel power ratio (ACRP) and error vector magnitude (EVM) of - 21.8 dBc and 8.35%, respectively, over the bandwidth. The second covers 0.5-1.8 GHz (113% fractional bandwidth) with 50%-69% drain efficiency at the 2-dB compression point and worst case ACRP of - 27.5 dBc and EVM of 4.22%. Both amplifiers are based on a commercial, packaged 10-W GaN HEMT transistor.

A 10-Bit Multichannel Digitizer ASIC for Detectors in Particle Physics Experiments

The design and measurement results of a multi-channel power scalable 10-bit digitizer ASIC developed for the luminosity detector at the future linear colliders (ILC/CLIC) are discussed. The 8 channel prototype with different modes of output data serialization was designed and fabricated in a 0.35 μm CMOS technology. The ASIC works for sampling rates from about 10 kS/s to 25 MS/s (50 MS/s in single channel mode) allowing linear scaling of ADCs and serializer power consumption (0.8 mW/MS/s ADC core, 1.2 mW/MS/s total per channel). A wide spectrum of static and dynamic measurements confirm very good ADC resolution (ENOB = 9.7 bits), excellent channel uniformity and negligible crosstalk. To profit from non-continuous detector operation in linear collider experiments and to save power consumption, fast periodic power pulsing is implemented.

Design Based on Multi-Channel Power Acquisition and Data Teletransmission System of MSP430 Simulating SPI Interface and CS5460A Communication

Real-time acquisition of multi-channel power and data teletransmission is the most frequent important problems in power system to be solved perfectly. SPI, a synchronous serial interface, can connect multiple microcontrollers and all kinds of input-output devices with SPI interface which send and receive independent. However, most microcontrollers usually only with a single SPI interface which seems powerless when it communicates with many chip in need of the way of SPI. This paper taking the three-phase power acquisition and data teletransmission design of power system as an example lays special stress on introducing a design method to well solve the above problems based on the realization of three-phase power collection through MSP430 simulating SPI interface communicating with multi-block CS5460A. The design is simple and low-cost. Moreover, it has a broad prospect of application in the fields of multi-channel data measurement and acquisition and teletransmission communication and so on.

Single-sensor multi-channel maximum power point tracking controller for photovoltaic solar systems

This study presents a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method and controller for a multi-channel ( N -channel) photovoltaic solar system. The N -channel single-sensor MPPT (SS-MPPT) controller is able to track the maximum power point (MPP) of each solar panel using only one output current sensor in the N -channels. Compared with a conventional N -channel MPPT system which requires N voltage sensors, N current sensors, 2 N analogue-to-digital converters (ADCs) (or an ADC with 2 N channels) and N -MPPT controllers along with the associated conditioning circuitries, the proposed method only requires one sensor, one ADC and one MPPT controller. In the proposed N -channel SS-MPPT controller, the MPPT for each channel is achieved by tracking the maxima of the output (load) current (resulting in the maxima of the system output power) using the Perturb and Observe algorithm and the maxima of each channel power via channel output current difference optimisation. Two algorithms which can be used to realise the SS-MPPT controller are discussed and compared. The concept and operation of the SS-MPPT controller is presented, analysed and verified by results obtained from a proof-of-concept experimental prototype.

Comments on developments in the theory of dissociative recombination over the past 60 years

Since the proposal, sixty years ago, of the direct dissociative recombination (DR) mechanism by Bates, there have been many important theoretical advances, especially within the past 30 years. Space limitations preclude the review of all significant theoretical contributions. Instead, I comment upon a few selected developments. Highlights of the early scattering theory of DR and of the powerful Multichannel Quantum Defect Theory (MQDT) are discussed. Enhancements to the latter approach have included the addition of second and all order K matrices, ion rotational motion, Rydberg states with excited cores and spin-orbit coupling between Rydberg states. Also discussed are DR by Born-Oppenheimer breakdown, angular product distributions in diatomic DR and oscillations in DR cross sections.

Physical Layer Transmission Optimisation Techniques for Digital Video Broadcasting Networks: An Overview of the PLUTO Project

This paper discusses optimisation techniques for the design and deployment of future Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) networks that will minimise the complexity and power consumption of end user equipment and enhance the delivery of new broadband services. These techniques are investigated within the framework of the EC funded PLUTO (Physical Layer DVB Transmission Optimisation) project. The main network optimisation techniques include transmit diversity, low cost on-channel repeaters and multiple channel power amplification, receive diversity, efficient network modelling and planning tools and the definition of service scenarios that describe the future use of broadband services in terms of service type and reception conditions Keywords: Physical layer, broadcast networks, DVB-T, SFN, transmit diversity, OCR, receive diversity, PLUTO, Optimisation Techniques, large dynamic range, Multi Channel Power Amplification (MCPA)

Physical Layer Transmission Optimisation Techniques for Digital Video Broadcasting Networks: An Overview of the PLUTO Project

This paper discusses optimisation techniques for the design and deployment of future Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) networks that will minimise the complexity and power consumption of end user equipment and enhance the delivery of new broadband services. These techniques are investigated within the framework of the EC funded PLUTO (Physical Layer DVB Transmission Optimisation) project. The main network optimisation techniques include transmit diversity, low cost on-channel repeaters and multiple channel power amplification, receive diversity, efficient network modelling and planning tools and the definition of service scenarios that describe the future use of broadband services in terms of service type and reception conditions Keywords: Physical layer, broadcast networks, DVB-T, SFN, transmit diversity, OCR, receive diversity, PLUTO, Optimisation Techniques, large dynamic range, Multi Channel Power Amplification (MCPA)

A multichannel power supply for high power magnetrons

The paper describes characteristics and design principles of a multichannel power supply for CW magnetrons with RF power up to 3 kW. An advanced control system implemented in the power supply has resulted in its good operational properties as well as allowed providing adaptive procedures for the regulation of magnetron operation. A modular approach based on utilization of novel electronic components increases reliability and lowers weight and dimensions of the power supply.