Multicenter Cross-sectional Study Research Articles

Association of Plasma Amyloid, P-Tau, GFAP, and NfL With CSF, Clinical, and Cognitive Features in Patients With Dementia With Lewy Bodies.

Plasma β-amyloid-1-42/1-40 (Aβ42/40), phosphorylated-tau (P-tau), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light (NfL) have been widely examined in Alzheimer disease (AD), but little is known about their reflection of copathologies, clinical importance, and predictive value in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). We aimed to evaluate associations of these biomarkers with CSF amyloid, cognition, and core features in DLB. This cross-sectional multicenter cohort study with prospective component included individuals with DLB, AD, and healthy controls (HCs), recruited from 2002 to 2020 with an annual follow-up of up to 5 years, from the European-Dementia With Lewy Bodies consortium. Plasma biomarkers were measured by single-molecule array (Neurology 4-Plex E kit). Amyloid status was determined by CSF Aβ42 concentrations, and cognition was assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Biomarker differences across groups, associations with amyloid status, and clinical core features were assessed by analysis of covariance. Associations with cognitive impairment and decline were assessed by linear regression and linear mixed-effects models. In our cohort consisting of 562 individuals (HC n = 89, DLB n = 342, AD n = 131; 250 women [44.5%], mean [SD] age of 71 [8] years), sex distribution did not differ between groups. Patients with DLB were significantly older, and had less years of education and worse baseline cognition than HC, but not AD. DLB participants stratified for amyloid status differed significantly in plasma Aβ42/40 ratio (decreased in amyloid abnormal: β = -0.008, 95% CI -0.016 to -0.0003, p = 0.01) and P-tau (increased in amyloid abnormal, P-tau181: β = 0.246, 95% CI 0.011-0.481; P-tau231: β = 0.227, 95% CI 0.035-0.419, both p < 0.05), but not in GFAP (β = 0.068, 95% CI -0.018 to 0.153, p = 0.119), and NfL (β = 0.004, 95% CI -0.087 to 0.096, p = 0.923) concentrations. Higher baseline GFAP, NfL, and P-tau concentrations were associated with lower MMSE scores in DLB, and GFAP and NfL were associated with a faster cognitive decline (GFAP: annual change of -2.11 MMSE points, 95% CI -2.88 to -1.35 MMSE points, p < 0.001; NfL: annual change of -2.13 MMSE points, 95% CI -2.97 to -1.29 MMSE points, p < 0.001). DLB participants with parkinsonism had higher concentrations of NfL (β = 0.08, 95% CI 0.02-0.14, p = 0.006) than those without. Our study suggests a possible utility of plasma Aβ42/40, P-tau181, and P-tau231 as a noninvasive biomarkers to assess amyloid copathology in DLB, and plasma GFAP and NfL as monitoring biomarkers for cognitive symptoms in DLB.

Job satisfaction, professional competence, and self-efficacy: a multicenter cross-sectional study among registered nurses in Sweden and Norway

BackgroundHealthcare organizations worldwide face persistent challenges relating to turnover and intention to leave the nursing profession among registered nurses. Factors contributing to their retention and well-being at work include high job satisfaction, professional competence, and self-efficacy. Few multicenter studies have investigated these factors in relation to work experience in a Nordic context. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate job satisfaction, professional competence, and self-efficacy among registered nurses.MethodsThis multicenter cross-sectional study survey was part of a larger overarching Swedish-Norwegian project, and was conducted among registered nurses (n = 1137) in September 2021. The participants worked in a variety of health care units, e.g., hospital units, primary health care, and home care. Data was subjected to descriptive and comparative statistical analysis; chi-square test, one-way between-groups analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis test.ResultsThe findings show that job satisfaction is reported as lowest in registered nurses with medium-term work experience as compared to newly qualified and long-term work-experienced registered nurses. Professional competence and self-efficacy are reported as higher among registered nurses with long-term work experience as compared to those with medium-term work experience and newly qualified registered nurses. However, the participants reported their professional competence as highest in relation to the same factor – “Value-based nursing care” – regardless of their work experience.Conclusions and implicationsThis study underscores the need for continuous support and professional development for registered nurses throughout their careers. Proactive support for newly qualified nurses may improve job satisfaction as they progress to being registered nurses with medium-term work experience. Tailored interventions to address the distinct needs of both newly qualified and medium-term work-experienced registered nurses are crucial for nurturing a sustainable nursing workforce.

Validation of the Indian (Hindi) version of the life-space assessment scale among community-dwelling older adults: a multicentric cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe Life-Space Assessment (LSA) is an instrument that measures mobility in older adults as they reach different areas, defined as life-spaces extending from home to beyond towns or regions. The purpose of the study was to develop the Hindi version of the LSA (LSA- H) and to investigate the validity and reliability of the Hindi version as well as its cultural adaptation.MethodsA cross-sectional study of two hundred forty-five older adults participated in the study from four different study practice areas. Following forward backwards translation, the LSA-H was developed, and the scores were correlated with those of the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale Hindi (ABC- H), the Physical Health Subscale of the WHO-BREF Questionnaire and the Geriatric Depression Scale: Short Form Hindi (GDS-SFH) to test the criterion and concurrent validity.ResultsThe mean score and standard deviation of the LSA-H questionnaire were 56.53 ± 35.99, those of the Physical Health Subscale of the WHO-BREF instrument were 18.54 ± 7.87, those of the GDS-SFH questionnaire were 6.95 ± 4.21 and those of the ABC- H questionnaire were 54.40 ± 28.96. The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) between the LSA-H score and ABC-H score was 0.707 (p value < 0.0001), that between the LSA-H score and the Physical Health Subscale of the WHO-BREF was 0.766 (p value < 0.0001), and that between the LSA-H score and GDS-SFG score was − 0.674 (p value < 0.0001).ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the Hindi version of the LSA is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing living space among older adults in the Hindi language in an Indian population. Furthermore, the LSA-H was significantly correlated with other health assessment tools in terms of functional mobility, general health status and mental well-being.

Empathy in undergraduate medical students: a multi-center cross-sectional study in China

BackgroundFostering empathy has been continuously emphasized in the global medical education. Empathy is crucial to enhance patient-physician relationships, and is associated with medical students’ academic and clinical performance. However, empathy level of medical students in China and related influencing factors are not clear.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study among medical students in 11 universities. We used the Jefferson Scale of Empathy Student-version of Chinese version to measure empathy level of medical students. Factors associated with empathy were identified by the univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Based on the variables identified above, the nomogram was established to predict high empathy probability of medical students. Receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration plot and decision curve analysis were used to evaluate the discrimination, calibration and educational utility of the model.ResultsWe received 10,901 samples, but a total of 10,576 samples could be used for further analysis (effective response rate of 97.02%). The mean empathy score of undergraduate medical students was 67.38 (standard deviation = 9.39). Six variables including gender, university category, only child or not, self-perception doctor-patient relationship in hospitals, interest of medicine, Kolb learning style showed statistical significance with empathy of medical students (P < 0.05). Then, the nomogram was established based on six variables. The validation suggested the nomogram model was well calibrated and had good utility in education, as well as area under the curve of model prediction was 0.65.ConclusionsWe identify factors influencing empathy of undergraduate medical students. Moreover, increasing manifest and hidden curriculums on cultivating empathy of medical students may be needed among medical universities or schools in China.

Adherence to medication, dietary and physical activity recommendations: Findings from a multicenter cross-sectional study among adults with diabetes in rural South Africa.

Diabetes is a complex health condition requiring medical therapy and lifestyle modifications to attain treatment targets. Previous studies have not fully explored factors associated with adherence to medication, diets and physical activity recommendations among individuals living with diabetes in rural South Africa. We examined the association between knowledge, health belief and adherence to medication, dietary, and physical activity recommendations and explored self-reported reasons for non-adherence. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 399 individuals living with diabetes recruited over 12 weeks from six randomly selected primary healthcare centres in rural South Africa. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained by self-report. Health beliefs, knowledge, and adherence were assessed using validated measures. Descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out. The majority (81.7%) of the participants were females, with a mean age of 62 ± 11 years. Only 39% reported adhering to their prescribed medication regimen, 25% reported adhering to dietary recommendations, and 32% reported adhering to physical activity recommendations. The most cited reasons for non-adherence were lack of access to (n = 64) and cost of drugs (n = 50), perceived high costs of healthy diets (n = 243), and lack of time (n = 181) for physical activity. Level of education was an independent predictor of medication adherence [odds ratio, OR = 2.02 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.20-3.40)] while diabetes knowledge was independently associated with both medications [OR = 3.04 (95% CI: 1.78-45.12)]; and physical activity adherence [OR = 2.92 (95% CI: 1.04-2.96). Positive health belief was independently associated with adherence to medications [OR = 1.72 (95% CI: 1.15-2.57) and dietary recommendations [OR = 1.75 (95% CI: 1.04-2.96)]. Adherence to three important self-care practices, medication, diet, and physical activity, was suboptimal in this study setting. Socioeconomic reasons and access barriers were significant drivers of non-adherence, while increased knowledge and positive health beliefs were potential facilitators. Efforts to improve medication adherence and foster engagement in healthy lifestyle behaviours must consider patients' knowledge and health beliefs. Primary healthcare providers should create awareness on the importance of adherence on health outcomes for people with diabetes. Likewise, efforts to increase the availability and affordability of medications for socioeconomically disadvantaged populations should be prioritised by the key health stakeholders.

Worldwide Prevalence of Single-rooted with a Single Root Canal and Four-rooted Configurations in Maxillary Molars: A Multi-center Cross-sectional Study with Meta-analysis

IntroductionTo evaluate the prevalence of single root with a single root canal and four-root configurations in the maxillary first and second molars, and analyze how geographic region, ethnicity, sex, and age impact these outcomes. MethodsResearchers from 44 nations examined 26,400 maxillary molars using cone-beam computed tomography scans to gather data on the proportions of single roots with single canals and four-root configurations. All observers underwent prior calibration regarding the step-by-step assessment protocol and anatomical concepts to ensure consistent evaluations across all assessed locations. Tests were conducted to evaluate the intraobserver and interobserver reliability. Demographic data including ethnicity, gender, and age were collected for each participant. The potential impact of imaging voxel size and field-of-view on bias was also assessed. The primary results were depicted as odds ratios and untransformed proportion forest plots with 95% confidence intervals. Additionally, a meta-analysis was performed to compare various subgroups and identify sources of variation among them. Statistical significance was set at 5%. ResultsThe prevalence of single-rooted with a single canal and four-rooted configurations in the maxillary first molar was 0.16% and 0.28%, respectively, while in the maxillary second molar, it was 2.56% and 0.83%. Males tended to exhibit lower percentages of single roots with a single canal (P < .05) and higher percentages of four-rooted configurations (P > .05) in the second molar, whereas the African subgroup displayed lower proportions for both configurations. Additionally, in both teeth, single roots with a single canal were more prevalent among older patients. Voxel size and field-of-view did not significantly influence the results (P > .05). ConclusionsThe proportions of single-rooted with a single canal and four-rooted configurations were low, and demographic factors such as geographic region, ethnicity, sex, and age may have influenced the outcomes for the maxillary second molar.

Correlation of ADC values of adult brain tumors with the diagnosis and pathological grade: A cross-sectional multicenter study.

Brain tumors are common, requiring physicians to have a precise understanding of them for accurate diagnosis and treatment. Considering that various histological tumor types present different cellularity, we conducted this research to examine the role of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in the differential diagnosis and pathologic grading of brain tumor types. In this cross-sectional study, we gathered pathology reports of histological samples of adult brain tumors. The tissue sample of brain tumors were examined histologically by a pathologist. The magnetic resonance imaging data of these patients were interpreted by a neuroradiologist. The measured ADC values and ADC ratios were calculated. Standard mean ADC values were expressed as 10- 6 mm2/s. The findings were compared according to the histological diagnosis of each tumor. Sixty-eight patients were included in the study: 34 (50%) were male, and 34 (50%) were female. The average age of the patients was 51.69 + 16.40 years. In the examination of tumor type, 16 (23.5%) were astrocytoma, 9 (13.2%) were oligodendroglioma, 20 (29.4%) were glioblastoma, 4 (5.9%) were medulloblastoma, and 19 (27.9%) were metastatic tumors. the average value of ADC was statistically significantly different according to the pathological type of tumor (p < 0.001). The two-by-two comparison of average ADC among tumor types revealed significant differences, except for oligodendroglioma and glioblastoma (p-value = 0.87) and glioblastoma and medulloblastoma (p-value = 0.347). The average value of ADC and ADC ratio was statistically significantly different according to the pathological grade of the tumor (p < 0.001). In the two-by-two comparison of average ADC between all pathological grades of the tumor showed a significance difference except for Grade I and Grade II (p-value = 0.355). The mean value of ADC and ADC ratio for glioblastoma and metastatic tumors showed no significant difference. The assessment of brain tumor grade through ADC examination will help to estimate prognosis and devising suitable therapeutic strategies.

Predictors of Urinary and Fecal Incontinence in Prefrail and Frail Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study of the FRAGSALUD Project.

Frailty is associated with urinary and fecal incontinence, which are common geriatric syndromes. This study aims to identify health factors associated with incontinence in prefrail or frail older adults living in the community. This multicenter cross-sectional study included 225 older adults (75.0 ± 6.4 years) with prefrailty or frailty based on the 5-component Fried phenotype. Physical function was assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Physical activity, inactivity, and sleep were estimated using a wrist-worn accelerometer. Urinary or fecal incontinence was registered using the Barthel scale (urine and bowel items). Multivariable logistic regression analyses, with age as a covariate, were conducted to identify associations of incontinence. In our participants, 27% presented urinary or fecal incontinence with no sex differences (p = .266). Our results showed that age, daily medication count, and number of falls in the previous year independently predicted incontinence in frail and prefrail older adults (p < .05). Some Fried's criteria, including self-reported exhaustion, gait speed, and handgrip strength, were associated with the presence of incontinence (p < .05), but not Fried's classification. The SPPB total score and its isolated variables were significantly associated with the urinary and fecal incontinence (p < .05). However, none of the accelerometer outcomes showed significant associations with incontinence status. According to this study, age, number of medications, and falls (but not sex) are linked to urinary and fecal incontinence in frail or prefrail older adults living in the community, recommending the assessment of physical function using the SPPB rather than estimating daily physical activity, inactivity, or sleep.

Establishing optimized staining protocol and cutoff values of pan-TRK immunohistochemistry for detecting NTRK fusions in solid tumors: A Chinese multicenter cross-sectional study.

e15160 Background: Using IHC to screen NTRK+ patients, followed by NGS confirmation, is a strategy recommended by ESMO guidelines. However, the current IHC staining protocol (Protocol) and cutoff value (CV) are suboptimal, resulting in limited screening performance. This study aims to optimize the Protocol and redefine the CV to improve the efficacy of pan-TRK IHC in screening NTRK fusions. Methods: 126 NTRK+ and 162 NTRK- solid tumor samples (spls), previously confirmed by NGS and/or FISH, were collected retrospectively from 12 hospitals across China in 2023. All spls were stained with VENTANA pan-TRK IHC assay by using two different Protocols: 1) the conventional one recommended by the manufacturer's instruction and 2) an amplification one that included additional amplification steps to enhance the staining. The IHC stained spls were interpreted based on the manufacturer's instruction, and the results were analyzed to calculate the CVs. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV, and NPV based on these CVs and the CV reported in the literature were calculated. Results: 126 NTRK+ spls involve 25 fusion-partner types and 23 tumor types. IHC showed 35 NTRK- spls without staining, and 253 spls (126NTRK+/127NTRK-) stained. The staining predominantly localized to the cytoplasm and nucleus (132 cytoplasmic positive, 105 cytoplasmic and nuclear positive). Due to the limited samples with membrane staining, only CVs for cytoplasmic and nuclear staining were defined. In order to enhance the sensitivity and feasibility of the pan-TRK IHC assay in NTRK+ screening, the statistically calculated CVs were adjusted, and we recommended using the following CVs in clinical practice: 1) ≥1 intensity of cytoplasmic staining in ≥50% of tumor cells and/or 2) ≥1 intensity of nuclear staining in any percentage of tumor cells. Compared with the statistically calculated CVs, although the accuracy of the recommended CVs was slightly reduced (87.5% vs 93.75%), the sensitivity was improved (94.44% vs 89.68%). The sensitivity and specificity of the recommended CVs were higher than that of the previously reported CV (≥1%): sensitivity (94.44% vs. 87.9%) and specificity (82.1% vs. 81.1%). Conclusions: The pan-TRK IHC assay demonstrated high sensitivity while maintaining good specificity and accuracy, improving screening and enrichment efficacy for identifying NTRK fusions in solid tumors by utilizing the amplification protocol and the recommended CVs. Clinical trial information: ChiCTR2200066850 . [Table: see text]

A Multi-center Cross-Sectional Assessment of Healthcare Professionals' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Toward Thromboprophylaxis.

Background Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a potentially avoidable condition that affects hospitalized patients. Risk stratification and preventative strategies have substantial evidence supporting their use, but reasons hinder widespread adoption, compliance, and success, explaining the continuation of VTE. Thromboprophylaxis consists of several measures that are frequently adopted to avoid the complications of VTE. The study evaluated knowledge, attitude, and practice towardusing thromboprophylaxis by health professionals. Methods This multi-center cross-sectional study was carried out on health professionals involved in patient care working in various secondary and tertiary hospitals in the study region between October 2023 and February 2024. A previously published questionnaire was sent in the form of an online survey to the study participants. Fifteen, ten, and ninequestions evaluated the participants' knowledge, attitude, and practice of thromboprophylaxis, respectively. The study followed the checklist for reporting results of the Internet E-survey (CHERRIES) guidelines. Frequency and percentages were calculated. Bi-variable and multi-variable logistic regression were carried out and presented as crude and adjusted odds ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals. AP-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results Of the 219 participants, 115 (52.5%) and 104 (47.5%) were males and females. More than 50.7%were in the age group of >30 years, and the majority of the participants possessed a bachelor's (104 (47.5%)) degree. One hundred seventy-six (80.4%)of the study participants were working in government hospitals, and the majority (112 (51.1%)) were nurses. One hundred sixty-two (74% (67.63-79.65)), 175 (79.9% (73.98-85.01)) and 211 (96.3% (92.93)) had satisfactory knowledge, a positive attitude, and good practice regarding thromboprophylaxis, respectively. Regarding the facility characteristics, 196 (89.5%), 150 (68.5%), and 164 (74.9%) respondents agreed with the availability of a VTE prevention policy, VTE prevention consultants, and the availability of anticoagulants. Eighty (36.5%)participants responded with a 'not availability' of pneumatic compression devices. Of the 15 knowledge questions, the majority (124 (56.6%)) participants faulted the false statements regarding 'patients of DVT being symptomatic' and 119 (54.3%) on the statement that helping patients 'out of bed activity does not prevent VTE'. On multi-variable analysis, participants who were aware of having a VTE prevention policy and availability of anticoagulants were more knowledgeable with adjusted odds ratios of 5.39 (1.88-15.39) and 2.52 (1.12-5.63) respectively. Every practice domain received >90% approval ratings. Conclusions The study concludes that an overall satisfactory knowledge and positive attitude regarding thromboprophylaxis exists among the participants. The study proposes more training sessions on VTE prevention and orientation of health professionals on the availability of VTE policy guidelines and facility availability of resources for thromboprophylaxis.

Paths to improve voluntary blood donation in mixed public/private blood donation systems such as in Lebanon?

BackgroundThe World Health Organization advocates for the achievement of 100% voluntary non-remunerated blood donation (VNRD) globally by the year 2020. However, until today, little was known in Lebanon regarding its actual rate or influencing factors, particularly donor motivations and behaviors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of blood donors in Lebanon. The ultimate goals were to retain first-time donors, encourage them to become regular ones, and facilitate the transition from replacement donation to VNRD. Materials and MethodsA multi-centric cross-sectional study was carried across the five governorates in Lebanon. A self-administered and structured questionnaire was used in this survey. Results were presented in terms of odds ratios, with statistical significance defined at a P value of 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval. Additionally, a benchmarking analysis of the situation of blood donation in Lebanon was also conducted, identifying several areas for improvement. ResultsA total of 620 blood donors participated in this study, with 21.3% being first-time donors and 78.7% repeat donors. While the latter were primarily motivated by self-esteem, solidarity or returning a favor (89%, 77.9% and 78.1%), the main obstacle for becoming regular donors was a lack of initiative (34.6%). Female donors (9.9% of the total) exhibited better knowledge (OR = 2.20, p = 0.011) and were more inclined to donate voluntarily (OR = 1.52, p = 0.048). Conversely, male donors were more likely to be repeat donors, often through replacement donation (OR = 2.95, p = 0.001). ConclusionThere is a significant disparity between the low rate of voluntary donation in Lebanon (22.2%) and the relatively high proportion of donors with adequate knowledge of the donation process (60.5%). Therefore, urgent action by public authorities, based on the evidence based strategies outlined in this article, is crucial to enhancing the voluntary donation rate in Lebanon.

Variation in care and outcome for fragile hip fracture patients: a European multicentre study benchmarking fulfilment of established quality indicators.

Despite the availability of clinical guidelines for hip fracture patients, adherence to these guidelines is challenging, potentially resulting in suboptimal patient care. The goal of this study was (1) to evaluate and benchmark the adherence to recently established quality indicators (QIs), and (2) to study clinical outcomes, in fragile hip fracture patients from different European countries. This observational, cross-sectional multicenter study was performed in 10 hospitals from 9 European countries including data of 298 consecutive patients. A large variation both within and between hospitals were seen regarding adherence to the individual QIs. QIs with the lowest overall adherence rates were the administration of systemic steroids (5.4%) and tranexamic acid (20.1%). Indicators with the highest adherence rates (above 95%) were pre-operative (99.3%) and post-operative haemoglobin level assessment (100%). The overall median time to surgery was 22.6h (range 15.7-42.5h). The median LOS was 9.0 days (range 5.0-19.0 days). The most common complications were delirium (23.2%) and postsurgical constipation (25.2%). The present study shows large variation in the care for fragile patients with hip fractures indicating room for improvement. Therefore, hospitals should invest in benchmarking and knowledge-sharing. Large quality improvement initiatives with longitudinal follow up of both process and outcome indicators should be initiated.

Prevalence and Impact of Psychiatric Co-Morbidity in Patients with Spinal Pathology in Basrah, Iraq

Background and objective: to minimize complications by proper selection of patients for surgery and to evaluate what is the impact of psychiatric co-morbidity in patients admitted to a spinal surgical unit in Basrah, Iraq. Patients and Methods: A multi-center cross-sectional prospective cohort study was conducted on 247 patients. In Basrah province. During admission complete history was taken in form of identity, complaint, past medical and surgical history, drug history, type of previous and the coming surgery and lastly special emphasis on the questioner to assess patient psychological status using the Patient Health Questioner. Somatic Anxiety Depressive Symptoms (PHQ.SADS) After one week and one-month the same questions were addressed to the patient to check the general condition,and any complications or readmission. Results: Out of the 247 patients: Eight patients refuse to be part of this study, thirty-one patients lost follow up, three patients excluded from the study due to exclusion criteria, five patients their surgery postponded because they were psychologically unstable and advised for psychiatrist consultation. 111 patients (55.5%) of the sample size were male patients. A 90 (45%) patients were at age of 38-57 years, 111 (55.5%) of the sample were male 82 patients (41%) were of moderate degree using the PHQ.SADS. 62 patients (31%) were within the severe scale PHQ.SADS.132 patients (66%) complained from radiculopathy with or without backache,192 (96%) patients discharged safely postoperatively. 41(39.4%) patients were diagnosed with lumber canal stenosis belongs to the severe group. Psychological break down occurs in 10 (5%) patients, 9 (90%) of those patients belong to severe grade category of PHQ.SADS. Conclusion: There was a strong association between pre-operative psychological conditions and post-operative complications in form of repeated visit after surgery and persistence of pain and disability.

How to choose between single-use and reusable medical materials for sustainable nursing: Methodological lessons learned from a national study.

To demonstrate and reflect upon the methodological lessons by which healthcare organizations can address questions of environmental sustainability related to single-use healthcare materials. A cross-sectional multi-centre study in hospitals was performed, followed by an exploratory analysis of the sustainability of commonly used healthcare materials. A hospital survey was conducted to collect the procurement data for single-use medical materials. Based on consumption and cost, five single-use medical materials with sustainable alternatives were selected using different reuse strategies. Single-use and reusable materials were assessed through an exploratory literature review and document study based on four parameters: environmental sustainability, safety, cost and efficiency. A pragmatic method emerged from this study, providing healthcare facilities with tools to select environmentally sustainable alternatives to replace single-use options. First, an inventory of single-use medical materials consumed was collected. Next, single-use materials were prioritized for further study based on criteria such as cost, volume of the material, feasibility and input of stakeholders. We then analysed the prioritized single-use materials and their alternatives based on life cycle assessments or available information on their different life stages. Finally, we assessed safety, costs and efficiency related to the process following the use of the medical material. This pragmatic method can guide healthcare institutions in making the most sustainable choices of medical materials and achieving sustainability goals within their institutions and nationwide. Patient care involves a large consumption of single-use medical materials with considerable environmental impact. A pragmatic method was developed to guide healthcare institutions in making the most sustainable choices regarding the use of single-use healthcare materials. Healthcare institutions, ideally represented by a green team including nurses and other relevant professionals, can use this method to reduce the use of single-use medical materials, thereby yielding positive outcomes for the entire population. No patient or public contribution.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders and associated factors among weavers working in Bahir Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia: cross-sectional study design

BackgroundWork-related musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most common public health problems throughout the world. It is a major cause of occupational injury, illness, and disability that leads to an increased rate of sick leave, financial costs for both individuals and society and the health care system. Weavers are among the populations exposed to musculoskeletal disorders due to a lack of occupational safety, health services, and poor working conditions. Yet, little is known about WMSD among weavers in Africa particularly in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among weavers.MethodA multi-centered institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia among 424 weavers with a response rate of 97.7%. Participants were recruited randomly after proportional allocation was done for each institution and face-to-face interviews were employed to collect data using a well-structured questionnaire adopted from the Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire and different literature. The data were entered into Epidata and analyzed using SPSS version (Choobineh A, Lahmi M, Shahnavaz H, Khani Jazani R, Hosseini M. Int J Occup Saf Ergon, 10:157–68, 2004). Variables with a P-value < 0.25 in the bivariate logistic regression were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model. Finally, variables with an AOR, a 95% confidence interval, and a P-value of < 0.05 were reported.ResultThe annual prevalence rate of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among weavers was 76.3% [CI = 72.2 to 80.2%]. Longer working hours [AOR = 3.48, CI = (1.96–6.21)] lack of back support during sitting [AOR = 2.50 (1.293–4.480)], having repetitive movement in weaving [AOR = 4.11(2.029–8.324)], attaining awkward posture [AOR = 3.37(1.875–6.059)] and job stress [AOR = 4.37(2.447–7.816)] was significantly associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders.ConclusionsThis study revealed a high prevalence of WMSDs among weavers. Our study findings reported that longer working hours, lack of back support during sitting, having repetitive movement in weaving attaining awkward posture, and having job stress were significantly associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders.

Organ donation and HIV: Awareness and willingness to be a living donor among people with HIV in Uganda.

HIV+-to-HIV+ organ transplantation has demonstrated promise and is now authorized for research purposes in certain countries. However, organ transplantation is dependent on the availability of organ donors. We assessed the awareness and willingness to donate organs among people with HIV (PWH) in Uganda. We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional study between October 2023 and January 2024 in four large HIV clinics in Northern Uganda. The study population consisted of PWH. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data regarding awareness, willingness, and beliefs regarding organ donation. Organ donation was defined as the willingness to be a living donor of a solid organ. We conducted multivariable logistic regression to assess for an association between willingness to donate organs and selected exposures. Data were analyzed in Stata version 15.0. Results are expressed as adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). A total of 232 participants were recruited. The mean age ± standard deviation of the participants was 42.2±11.8 years. All participants were on antiretroviral therapy. Sixty-two (26.7%) had a CD4 count less than or equal to 200 cells/mm3. The majority (80.6%, n = 187) had ever heard of organ donation. Slightly more than a third (34.9%, n = 81) were willing to donate organs. Factors associated with willingness to be a living organ donor included being female (AOR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.15-2.11), having a tertiary education level (AOR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.03-3.11), average monthly income >500000 UGX (135.1USD) (AOR: 5.5; 95% CI: 1.97-15.40), ever heard about organ donation (AOR: 5.4; 95% CI: 1.67-17.8), and attending an organ donation campaign (AOR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.07-3.74). Awareness about organ donation was high but the willingness to be a living organ donor was low among PWH in Uganda. There is a need to sensitize the community about the need and benefits of organ donation with the involvement of media and the healthcare workers.

Eligibility for the medical therapy among men with non-obstructive azoospermia-Findings from a multi-centric cross-sectional study.

Existing literature does not provide accurate epidemiological data regarding the true prevalence of men with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) who would be eligible for hormonal optimization therapy, according to specific pre-treatment criteria. To investigate the characteristics of those men with NOA who would qualify for the medical therapy prior to any SR procedure in a large multi-centric cross-sectional study. Complete data from 1644 NOA patients seeking medical help for primary infertility at three tertiary referral centers from USA, Brazil, and Italy were analyzed. Baseline serum hormone levels were collected for all patients. NOA was confirmed after two consecutive semen analyses. Genetic tests, including karyotype analysis and Y microdeletions, were performed on all patients. Patients with secondary hypogonadism (total testosterone (T) levels less than 300ng/dL and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels less than 8 mIU/mL) were earmarked as potential candidates for receiving clomiphene citrate (CC) and/or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Patients with a T to 17β-estradiol (E2) ratio<10 were classified as eligible for aromatase inhibitors (AIs) therapy (e.g., anastrazole). A third sub-cohort was created by combining the criteria of the first two sub-cohorts. Descriptive statistics was used to detail overall characteristics and differences between the different sub-cohorts. Among the 1,644 men, 28% (n=460) had T<300ng/dL and LH<8 mIU/mL, thereby being potentially suitable for CC and/or hCG, while 37% (n=607) had a T to E2 ratio<10 thus potentially suitable for AIs. Lastly, 17.7% (n=280) met the criteria for potential eligibility for both CC and/or hCG and AIs. Findings from this multicentric cross-sectional study reveal that about 30% of men with NOA were eligible for hormonal treatment with CC and/or hCG while 37% were found to be potential candidates for AIs, and 17% for both therapies. Therefore, these findings show that a only a small subset of NOA patients can benefit from medical therapy prior to considering any SR procedures.

Prevalence of Pregnancy Tumor in Tripoli, Libya: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study

Background and objectives. Pyogenic granuloma (pregnancy tumor) is one of the gingival inflammatory changes with an increased incidence during pregnancy. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of pregnancy tumors in pregnant Libyan women in Tripoli, Libya. Methods. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, pregnant Libyan women were assessed at the National Heart Center-Tajoura, Jalaa Maternity Hospital, and Tripoli University Hospital during the period from August to November 2023. Data were collected through interviewing and clinical examination of the participants and filling out a data form. Results. During four months period, of 402 pregnant Libyan women, 4 (1.0%) were clinically diagnosed with pregnancy tumors. The four cases were in their third trimester of pregnancy. Half (50%) of pregnancy tumor cases were more than 30 years old, and the other half (50%) were early 20 years old. The gingiva was the only site of the lesions, and were observed equally in the maxilla and the mandible. All pregnancy tumor cases have calculus on their teeth, bleeding gums, and poor oral hygiene status. All lesions were sessile had lobulated surfaces, and showed spontaneous and provoked bleeding. Conclusions. Although the results of this study indicate that the prevalence of pregnancy tumors in pregnant Libyan women is considered low (1.0%), oral health education programs are very important during pregnancy, and if pregnant women notice any abnormal growth during pregnancy in their mouth, they should consult a dentist.

Nutritional status, dietary habits, and their relation to cognitive functions: A cross-sectional study among the school aged (8-14 years) children of Bangladesh.

Limited research addressed links between nutritional status, dietary habits, and cognitive functions in young children. This study assessed the status of cognitive functions and their association with nutritional status and dietary habits of school age children of Bangladesh. This cross-sectional multi-centre study was conducted on 776 participants in 11 conveniently selected educational institutions. A printed questionnaire with three sections (Section 1: background information, section 2: PedsQL™ Cognitive Functioning Scale, and section 3: semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire) was utilized for the data collection purpose. Sections 1 and 3 were self-reported by parents, and trained volunteers completed section 2 in-person along with the anthropometric measurements. Statistical analyses were done in Stata (v.16). Mean with standard deviation and frequencies with percentages were used to summarize quantitative and qualitative variables, respectively. Pearson's chi-square test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were used to explore bivariate relationships. The mean age of the participants was 12.02±1.88 years, and the majority (67%) were females. The prevalence of poor cognitive function was 46.52%, and among them, 66.02% were females. In terms of body mass index (BMI), 22.44% possessed normal weight, 17.51% were overweight, and 5.19% were obese. This study found a statistically significant relationship between BMI and cognitive functions. Furthermore, different dietary components (e.g., protein, carbohydrate, fat, fiber, iron, magnesium) showed a significant (p<0.05 for all) weak positive correlation with cognitive function. BMI and dietary habits were associated with the cognitive function of young children in Bangladesh. Although the cross-sectional design of the study precludes causal relationships from being determined, the study finding deserves further examination via longitudinal research.

Patients' satisfaction with cancer pain treatment at adult oncologic centers in Northern Ethiopia; a multi-center cross-sectional study.

Patient satisfaction is an important indicator of the quality of healthcare. Pain is one of the most common symptoms among cancer patients that needs optimal treatment; rather, it compromises the quality of life of patients. To assess the levels and associated factors of satisfaction with cancer pain treatment among adult patients at cancer centers found in Northern Ethiopia in 2023. After obtaining ethical approval, a multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted at four cancer care centers in northern Ethiopia. The data were collected using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire that included the Lubeck Medication Satisfaction Questionnaire (LMSQ). The severity of pain was assessed by a numerical rating scale from 0 to 10 with a pain score of 0 = no pain, 1-3 = mild pain, 4-6 = moderate pain, and 7-10 = severe pain Binary logistic regression analysis was employed, and the strength of association was described in an adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval. A total of 397 cancer patients participated in this study, with a response rate of 98.3%. We found that 70.3% of patients were satisfied with their cancer pain treatment. Being married (AOR = 5.6, CI = 2.6-12, P < 0.001) and being single (never married) (AOR = 3.5, CI = 1.3-9.7, P = 0.017) as compared to divorced, receiving adequate pain management (AOR = 2.4, CI = 1.1-5.3, P = 0.03) as compared to those who didn't receive it, and having lower pain severity (AOR = 2.6, CI = 1.5-4.8, P < 0.001) as compared to those who had higher level of pain severity were found to be associated with satisfaction with cancer pain treatment. The majority of cancer patients were satisfied with cancer pain treatment. Being married, being single (never married), lower pain severity, and receiving adequate pain management were found to be associated with satisfaction with cancer pain treatment. It would be better to enhance the use of multimodal analgesia in combination with strong opioids to ensure adequate pain management and lower pain severity scores.