Broadcast Multicast Service Research Articles

Priority-Aware Resource Allocation for 5G mmWave Multicast Broadcast Services

5G Multicast Broadcast Services (MBS) are viewed as a promising 5G New Radio (NR) application, as standardization begins in 3GPP Release 17. With MBS, one next generation Node B (gNB) delivers data to multiple user equipments (UE) simultaneously, thus improving spectrum efficiency. Millimeter wave (mmWave) beamforming further enhances system performance by focusing signals in a dedicated direction. However, despite the advantages, we identify three issues of multicast with beamforming techniques. First, link directionality causes the gNB to transmit data over the beams sequentially, resulting in a combinatorial resource allocation problem. Confronting this beam scheduling issue, we develop an optimization algorithm that obtains an optimal solution in polynomial time. Second, UEs may falsely report their valuations over beam resources to gain more utility. Under this scenario, the gNB cannot allocate the resources to those in need due to the lack of accurate UE information. Therefore, we propose a Vickrey–Clarke–Groves (VCG) auction-based mechanism to incentivize the UEs to reveal their valuations over resources truthfully. This mechanism guarantees solution efficiency and maximizes social welfare. Third, as 3GPP standards allow for different priorities for different multicast flows, and video content providers distinguish between ordinary and premium UEs, we take UE priority into account. In this regard, we extend the valuation-based mechanism to a multi-priority one. Finally, the mathematical analysis validates some desirable properties of the proposed scheme, such as incentive-compatibility. Simulation results also justify our superior performance in the 5G MBS system compared with other resource allocation schemes.

5G Mixed Mode: NR Multicast-Broadcast Services

This work presents a potential solution for enabling the use of multicast in the 5G New Radio Release 17, called 5G NR Mixed Mode. The proposed multicast/broadcast mode follows one of the two approaches envisaged in 3GPP, which enables a dynamic and seamless switching between unicast and multicast, both in the downlink and the uplink. This paper also provides a performance evaluation of several IMT-2020 KPIs, including available data rate and spectral efficiency, user and control plane latencies, energy efficiency, and mobility, highlighting the potential advantages of this solution over unicast in relevant scenarios. Finally, other multipoint-based KPIs such as coverage or packet loss rate are also evaluated by means of system level simulations.

Maximum Clique Approach in Network Coding Based Multicast Broadcast Services

Network coding has recently attracted attention as a substantial improvement to packet retransmission schemes in wireless multicast broadcast services (MBS). In this paper, we are interested in applying the maximum clique approach to the network coding based multicast retransmission problem in the MBS systems. Our figure of merit is the transmission efficiency which is an important design parameter for some MBS systems, such as the satellite broadcasting networks since it affects the energy efficiency and delay of the system directly. We show that introducing the idea from network coding allows us to realize significant benefits in terms of transmission efficiency for the problem of multicasting and broadcasting, and develop an algorithm that allow to realize these benefits in practice.

Radio Resource Allocation for Scalable Video Services Over Wireless Cellular Networks

Good quality video services always require higher bandwidth. Hence, to provide the video services e.g., multicast/broadcast services (MBSs) and unicast services along with the existing voice, internet, and other background traffic services over the wireless cellular networks, it is required to efficiently manage the wireless resources in order to reduce the overall forced call termination probability, to maximize the overall service quality, and to maximize the revenue. Fixed bandwidth allocation for the MBS sessions either reduces the quality of the MBS videos and bandwidth utilization or increases the overall forced call termination probability and of course the handover call dropping probability as well. Scalable video coding (SVC) technique allows the variable bit rate allocation for the video services. In this paper, we propose a bandwidth allocation scheme that efficiently allocates bandwidth among the MBS sessions and the non-MBS traffic calls (e.g., voice, unicast, internet, and other background traffic). The proposed scheme reduces the bandwidth allocation for the MBS sessions during the congested traffic condition only to accommodate more calls in the system. Instead of allocating fixed bandwidths for the MBS sessions and the non-MBS traffic, our scheme allocates variable bandwidths for them. However, the minimum quality of the videos is guaranteed by allocating minimum bandwidth for them. Using the mathematical and numerical analyses, we show that the proposed scheme maximizes the bandwidth utilization and significantly reduces the overall forced call termination probability as well as the handover call dropping probability.

광대역 CDMA 셀룰러 표준을 위한 시스템 수준 시뮬레이터의 설계 방법론

This tutorial paper presents the design methodology of system-level simulators targeted for code division multiple access (CDMA) cellular standards such as EV-DO (Evolution-Data Only) and broadcast multicast service (BCMCS). The basic structure and simulation flow of system-level simulators are delineated, following the procedure of cell layout, mobile drops, channel modeling, received power calculation, scheduling, packet error prediction, and traffic generation. Packet data transmissions on the forward link of CDMA systems and EV-DO BCMCS systems are considered for modeling simulators. System-level simulators for cellular standards are modeled and developed with high-level languages and utilized to evaluate and predict air interface performance metrics including capacity and coverage.

Comparison of multicast/broadcast services in Long Term Evolution Advanced and IEEE 802.16m networks

ABSTRACTThis paper performs a comparison of multicast/broadcast services (MBS) support in Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE‐A) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) IEEE 802.16m. Firstly, the main technical features of both standards concerning MBS operation are presented. It is shown that WiMAX offers higher unicast/MBS multiplexing flexibility as it supports both frequency and time multiplexing schemes, whereas LTE‐A only includes time multiplexing. Besides, only WiMAX supports multi‐antenna transmission. Next, the results of two simulation‐based assessments are presented. In the former, it is considered a scenario with all cells transmitting the same MBS service. The effect of inter‐site distance (ISD) on the maximum MBS data rate is evaluated. Results show that WiMAX configurations outperform LTE‐A for small ISD. This is because WiMAX provides a higher number of resources dedicated to data transmission for the same bandwidth. Furthermore, some WiMAX configurations support two spatially multiplexed data streams. With higher ISDs, LTE‐A outperforms single‐stream WiMAX configurations. In the second assessment, a MBSFN area surrounded by interfering cells is considered to compare unicast/MBS multiplexing performance. The higher maximum MBS data rate is achieved in WiMAX with time division multiplexing, which is precisely the only alternative included in LTE‐A. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Optimal Layered Video IPTV Multicast Streaming Over Mobile WiMAX Systems

A WiMAX radio resource allocation (WRA) problem is investigated in the context of IPTV broadcasting over mobile WiMAX multicast, broadcast services (MBS) channels. The goal is to maximize quality of services, in terms of number of subscribers served, number of IPTV channels carried, and perceived video qualities of individual viewers, subject to constraints on multicast channel capacities and space-time channel quality variations. We present an efficient heuristic algorithm based on the Pareto principle that achieves near-optimal results in polynomial time complexity. Extensive simulations are conducted to compare this new approach against state-of-the-art heuristic algorithms and consistent superior performance has been observed.

An Adaptive Network Coded Retransmission Scheme for Single-Hop Wireless Multicast Broadcast Services

Network coding has recently attracted attention as a substantial improvement to packet retransmission schemes in wireless multicast broadcast services (MBS). Since the problem of finding the optimal network code maximizing the bandwidth efficiency is hard to solve and hard to approximate, two main network coding heuristic schemes, namely opportunistic and full network coding, were suggested in the literature to improve the MBS bandwidth efficiency. However, each of these two schemes usually outperforms the other in different receiver, demand, and feedback settings. The continuous and rapid change of these settings in wireless networks limits the bandwidth efficiency gains if only one scheme is always employed. In this paper, we propose an adaptive scheme that maintains the highest bandwidth efficiency obtainable by both opportunistic and full network coding schemes in wireless MBS. The proposed scheme adaptively selects, between these two schemes, the one that is expected to achieve the better bandwidth efficiency performance. The core contribution in this adaptive selection scheme lies in our derivation of performance metrics for opportunistic network coding, using random graph theory, which achieves efficient selection when compared to appropriate full network coding parameters. To compare between different complexity levels, we present three approaches to compute the performance metric for opportunistic coding using different levels of knowledge about the opportunistic coding graph. For the three considered approaches, simulation results show that our proposed scheme almost achieves the bandwidth efficiency performance that could be obtained by the optimal selection between the opportunistic and full coding schemes.

Scalable Video Multicast in Hybrid 3G/Ad-Hoc Networks

Mobile video broadcasting service, or mobile TV, is expected to become a popular application for 3G wireless network operators. Most existing solutions for video Broadcast Multicast Services (BCMCS) in 3G networks employ a single transmission rate to cover all viewers. The system-wide video quality of the cell is therefore throttled by a few viewers close to the boundary, and is far from reaching the social-optimum allowed by the radio resources available at the base station. In this paper, we propose a novel scalable video broadcast/multicast solution, SV-BCMCS, that efficiently integrates scalable video coding, 3G broadcast, and ad-hoc forwarding to balance the system-wide and worst-case video quality of all viewers at 3G cell. We solve the optimal resource allocation problem in SV-BCMCS and develop practical helper discovery and relay routing algorithms. Moreover, we analytically study the gain of using ad-hoc relay, in terms of users' effective distance to the base station. Through extensive real video sequence driven simulations, we show that SV-BCMCS significantly improves the system-wide perceived video quality. The users' average PSNR increases by as much as 1.70 dB with slight quality degradation for the few users close to the 3G cell boundary.

Precoding Design for Multi-Antenna Multicast Broadcast Services With Limited Feedback

The provision for spectrally efficient multicast broadcast services (MBS) is one of the key functional requirements for next generation wireless communication systems. The challenge inherent to MBS is to ensure that all MBS users can be served, and one effective solution to this problem is to employ MIMO multicast transmit precoding. In previous works on MIMO multicast transmit precoding design, the authors either assumed (1) perfect transmitter-side channel state information (CSIT) or (2) special channel conditions that facilitate precoder design with imperfect CSIT. In this paper, we focus on transmit precoding design for MBS where the CSIT is obtained via limited feedback. In addition, we analyze the average minimum receive signal-noise-ratio (RxSNR) among the MBS users and study the order of growth with respect to the number of MBS users, the number of feedback bits, and the number of transmit antennas. Finally, we propose a threshold based feedback reduction scheme and study the tradeoff between feedback cost and performance loss.

Cooperative power allocation for broadcast/multicast services in cellular OFDM systems

In this paper, we investigate the transmission power allocation for the support of broadcast/multicast services (BMSs) in multi-cell OFDM systems.We consider a cooperative architecture for distribution of the BMS data where the copies of the same data are transmitted by multiple base stations (BSs) in a synchronized manner and then aggregated at the receiving users. Under this architecture, we develop a power allocation scheme that optimizes the transmission power of the multiple BSs on each sub-channel to maximize the total data rate. The optimal power allocation turns out to take the form of iterative water-filling, particularly when heterogeneous modulation and coding schemes are allowed in each sub-channel. In addition, we study the two special cases where the BMS system has extended or limited capabilities: First, we consider the BMS system that supports a more sophisticated video coding technique, fine granularity scalability (FGS) video coding, which encodes the BMS data into base layer and enhancement layer. Taking the layered structure into account, we propose a power allocation scheme that maximizes the data rate of the enhancement layer while guaranteeing the minimum data rate requirement of the base layer. Second, we consider the BMS system that only allows average channel state information of users to be available at the resource manager. In this case, as it is not possible to guarantee successful transmission of every data due to instant deep fading, we propose a power allocation scheme that minimizes the probability of transmission failure. Simulation results reveal that the cooperative distribution system performs far better than the non-cooperative distribution system and the proposed power allocation schemes outperform the equal power allocation scheme significantly.

Multicast Broadcast Services Support in OFDMA-Based WiMAX Systems [Advances in Mobile Multimedia

Multimedia stream service provided by broadband wireless networks has emerged as an important technology and has attracted much attention. An all-IP network architecture with reliable high-throughput air interface makes orthogonal frequency division multiplexing access (OFDMA)-based mobile worldwide interoperability for microwave access (mobile WiMAX) a viable technology for wireless multimedia services, such as voice over IP (VoIP), mobile TV, and so on. One of the main features in a WiMAX MAC layer is that it can provide'differentiated services among different traffic categories with individual QoS requirements. In this article, we first give an overview of the key aspects of WiMAX and describe multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS) architecture of the 3GPP. Then, we propose a multicast and broadcast service (MBS) architecture for WiMAX that is based on MBMS. Moreover, we enhance the MBS architecture for mobile WiMAX to overcome the shortcoming of limited video broadcast performance over the baseline MBS model. We also give examples to demonstrate that the proposed architecture can support better mobility and offer higher power efficiency.

Broadcast-multicast in 1x EV-do revision a systems and its application to enhanced mobile services

1x EV-DO (1x evolution data optimized) broadcast-multicast service (BCMCS) enables a host of new applications in the mobility environment. Examples of such applications range from mobile TV broadcasting for the consumer market to supporting conference and “walkie-talkie” group calls for business, government, and public safety users. In this paper, we investigate aspects of BCMCS deployment and performance associated with the support of different applications. Through analysis and simulation, we evaluate BCMCS coverage and capacity in mobile TV broadcast deployment when using various transmission format configurations, such as soft handoff combining, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), and Reed-Solomon coding. We further propose a scheme for maximizing system-wide air interface resource efficiency when BCMCS is used to support wireless group calls. Using a Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) group call as an example, we show how the decision strategy for choosing BCMCS vs. unicast could be optimized on the basis of the group size, the geographical distribution of group members, and their mobility. © 2007 Alcatel-Lucent.

Third-generation wireless services for homeland security

Commercial third-generation (3G) cellular technologies being deployed worldwide offer a host of services that can be used to support communications among public safety officials and members of government agencies and to disseminate information to the general public. This paper reviews some of the unique requirements for voice and data services in the context of homeland security and describes how 3G CDMA2000 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∗</sup> and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) networks satisfy many of them. It also discusses how the broadcast/multicast services (BCMCS) currently being standardized for 3G cellular technologies can provide team∗∗∗oriented voice and broadband data communications for public safety users. Finally, it proposes an architectural framework that allows the services and capabilities of homeland security wireless networks to be upgraded using commercial 3G cellular technologies while preserving the investment in legacy public safety networks.