A full-duplex multiband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MB-OFDM) ultra-wideband over fiber (UWBoF) system is proposed, and bidirectional transmission of a 1.28-Gbps MB-OFDM UWB signal over 50-km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) is demonstrated. An optical remote heterodyning mixing scheme is employed to generate a 60-GHz optical millimeter wave. Meanwhile, an optical carrier without modulation data is extracted by using a fiber Bragg grating for the uplink MB-OFDM UWB signal transmission. After 50-km SSMF transmission at a bit error rate of 1×10−4, the power penalties are 0.7 dB for a 4 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)-uplink and 1.0 dB for a 16QAM-uplink, respectively. The proposed scheme would greatly reduce the cost and significantly improve the spectrum utilization efficiency in the full-duplex MB-OFDM UWBoF systems.