Multiband Antenna Research Articles

Application of Artificial Neural Network Base Enhanced MLP Model for Scattering Parameter Prediction of Dual-band Helical Antenna

Many design optimization problems have problems that seek fast, efficient and reliable based solutions. In such cases, artificial intelligence-based modeling is used to solve costly and complex problems. This study is based on the modeling of a multiband helical antenna using the Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) method using a reduced data enhanced multilayer perceptron (eMLP). The proposed helical antenna is dual-band and has resonance frequencies of 2.4 GHz and 2.75 GHz. The enhanced structure of the artificial neural network (ANN) was tested using 4 different training algorithms and a maximum of 10 different MLP architectures to determine the most suitable model in a simple and quick way. Then, performance comparison with other ANN networks was made to confirm the success of the model. Considering the high cost of antenna simulations, it is clear that the proposed model will save a lot of time. In addition, thanks to the selected sampling model, a wide range of modeling can be done with minimum data. When the target and prediction data are compared, it is seen that these data overlap to a large extent. As a result of the study, it was seen that the ANN modeling and the 125 samples used, were as accurate as an electromagnetic (EM) simulator for other input parameters in a wide range selected.

Characteristic modes of a slot antenna design based on defected ground structure for 5G applications

This study employs characteristic mode analysis to investigate a defected ground antenna for multiband applications. The antenna structure incorporates three U-shaped slots in the ground plane, forming a defected ground structure. The microstrip line is exclusively present on the front side plane. The antenna is printed on a substrate made of a ceramic-filled PTFE composite with a size of 20 mm × 21 mm × 0.76 mm and a dielectric constant of 3. The proposed antenna is analyzed using the characteristic mode analysis based on the method of moment and simulated by an electromagnetic simulator based on the finite element method. A multiband antenna is fabricated and tested to validate the proposed antenna performance. The simulation and measurement results reveal that the antenna exhibits good input impedance bandwidths of S11 ≤ − 10 dB that extend from 2 to 12 GHz with three bands around the operating frequencies (2.96, 6.06, and 8.03) GHz.

Multi-Band Antenna Design Optimization Using Nature-Inspired Evolutionary Algorithm for 5G Wireless Communication

Automation and telecommunication systems are increasingly improving and becoming more easily integrated thanks to wireless communication technology, in which the essential component is the antenna. Designing and optimizing antenna structures still takes a lot of time, especially for complex structures with multiple operating frequency bands or complex material layers. With modern computing power, the speed of computation is increasingly efficient, and combining automated computation for optimization and design is entirely feasible. Many research groups around the world have implemented automated antenna design through optimization algorithms, genetic algorithms, swarm algorithms, collectively referred to as evolutionary algorithms. These algorithms simplify the antenna design process, making it more automated and optimized. In this paper, the Improved Black Hole algorithm is proposed and used to optimize the design of a CPW-Fed slot microstrip antenna.

Stubs loaded multi band antenna for vehicle-to-vehicle communication

Stubs loaded multi band antenna for vehicle-to-vehicle communication

MM wave based multiband spider slot patch antenna for 5G and underwater communication

MM wave based multiband spider slot patch antenna for 5G and underwater communication

Multiband deformed off-set octagonal patch antenna with improved impedance matching

A novel method is proposed to achieve a single layer miniaturized multiband side-fed microstrip patch antenna for mobile communication applications. Unlike the conventional microstrip antenna with a microstrip line side feed, the integration of a rectangular strip, triangular radiation element, and off-set octagonal radiation patch contributes to the impedance matching, radiation of the multiband signals, and reduction of the length of the regular side-fed antenna. The analysis reveals that a TM01, TM21, and TM22 modes at 1.85, 2.3, and 3.38 GHz, respectively, are excited to realize the multiband radiation. The measurements show that the proposed antenna can work in the 1850/2310/3380 MHz multiple frequency bands simultaneously and can be integrated with planar circuits using a simple structure.

Integrating RF MEMS Switch on Array Antenna to Achieve Reconfigurability in Wideband Application

Reconfigurable multi-band antennas are highly used for commercial as well as military purposes as a single antenna could be reconfigured dynamically to send and the receive multiple signals of different frequency simultaneously. In this work an antenna array is designed and integrated with RF MEMS shunt capacitive switch over it, for the applications of S,C,X-band in the frequency range of 2-12GHz. A membrane that can move freely over a coplanar waveguide serves as the MEMS switch. Here, a double meander tuned dual beam arrangement is used to increase switch isolation. Electrostatic mechanisms are used for actuators due to their low power requirements, compact design, and quick switching. By the simulation result, The beam starts to bend from 0.60793mm to 0.4116mm at the voltage 1.78492mV to 57.7382mV and it provides capacitance at 1.435pF to 1.597nF. It was noticed that the insertion loss (S21) and the return loss (S11) of a MEMS switch are around -0.079 dB and 20.618 dB correspondingly, in order to have a good switching characteristic in the up state. The switch has an insertion loss (S21) of -31.307 dB and return loss (S11) of about -0.256 dB in the up state thus exhibiting good switch characteristics. The RF MEMS shunt capacitive switch is integrated on the predesigned antenna array the dynamically shifting of the switch from on state to off state helps achieving the reconfigurability in the antenna array. Such antennas are applicable in spaceborne radar, communication satellites, unmanned aerial vehicles, unmanned aircraft system and various other communication as well as sensing applications.

Synthesis of a Multiband Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5G Wireless Communications

This paper presents a multiband microstrip patch antenna for future 5G Millimeter Wave (mm-wave) wireless technologies. The synthesized antenna is designed to be based on the genetic algorithm (GA) optimization tool in the high frequency simulation software (HFSS). The optimized dimensions of the engineered antenna are 24 × 24 × 0.203 mm3, comprising of a ground plane. The antenna design simulated results have been implemented via (HFSS) and microwave studio (CST) tools. The proposed antenna structure is engineered using Rogers RT-Duroid 4003 substrate as a dielectric medium. The Conformist rectangular and circular patches are modified to get multiband operation in the mm-wave band 25–32 besides 40–60 GHz frequency ranges. The input reflection coefficient (S11\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\mathrm{S}}_{11}$$\\end{document}) simulation results were compared with the measurements to check the validity of the design. The fabricated antenna radiation efficiency and gain values are also measured over the desired bandwidths. The measured gain and radiation efficiency values reached up to 9.75 dBi, 0.85%, and 10.75 dBi, 0.84%, for both bandwidths, respectively.

Performance analysis of triple-band miniaturized hexagonal ultra-wideband antenna for wireless body worn applications

The creation of a network of tiny sensors installed in, on or around the human body has been facilitated by advancements in wireless communications and wearable devices. Because of its potential to transform healthcare delivery, Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) has been increasingly important in modern medical systems over the last decade. Individual nodes (sensors and actuators) embedded in a person's clothing, body, or skin form a WBAN. Both academia and industry have increased their efforts in WBAN research and development. The wearable antenna, whether on or off the human body, is a critical component of contact with particular design in WBAN networks. Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology can provide high-capacity, short-range communications with minimal energy consumption, which is appropriate for wireless body area networks. The human body's involvement in such a device creates significant challenges for both the wearable antenna's construction and the broadcast paradigm. To achieve many functionalities, multi-band and broadband antennas are better solutions. The proposed multi-band antenna is constructed from a FR4 substrate with dimensions of (24 × 25 × 1.6) mm3. The proposed design was successfully tested with different configurations and enhanced with a broad impedance bandwidth of over 100 percent, where the UWB frequency spectrum encompassed the range from 3 to 9 GHz with a reflective coefficient of −15 dB and gain of 2.5 dBi, as well as fair radiation patterns in the Federal Communications Commission range. The SAR value of the devised antenna with and without SRR being 2 W/kg, 3.5 W/kg, respectively. This solution may be a worthy contender for meeting the UWB demands as a result, could be an excellent fit for wireless body technologies.

A Multi-Bandwidth Reconfigurable Patch Antenna for Devices in WLAN and UWB Technology Applications

This article introduces a process to design, simulate, and measure a novel multi-band patch antenna with different operation modes, i.e., band centers and bandwidths. Switching between operation modes is possible using a pair of PIN diodes to connect different parts of the antenna with the main antenna patch. Such a reconfigurable design allows for individual control of each frequency range. The main operation mode of the resulting antenna has an impedance bandwidth with two bands, one from 2.4 GHz to 2.73 GHz and another from 3.4 GHz to 5.73 GHz, with a maximum gain of 4.85 dBi and stable radiation patterns. The resulting antenna is suitable for applications using both ultra-wideband technologies and wireless local-area network (WLAN) technologies.

Design and Optimization of C Structured Microstrip Multiband Antenna for Wireless Communication Using Fractal Geometry

Design and Optimization of C Structured Microstrip Multiband Antenna for Wireless Communication Using Fractal Geometry

Design of miniaturized multi-band hybrid-mode microstrip patch antenna for wireless communication

This research presents a small, compact microstrip patch antenna of multi-band antenna. The multi-band antenna can be scaled to higher frequencies, making it possibly useful in 5G applications. The antenna is made up of asymmetric scalene triangles slots on the right side of the patch, which is provided by the reference patch antenna. The modes of antenna, patch and slots are excited to obtain four bands. The antenna design is 25×25×1.4 mm<sup>3</sup> resonant at 3.93 GHz, 4.25 GHz, 5.37 GHz, and 6.18 GHz. The simulated design shows a peak gain of 4.44 dB at 3.93 GHz, 5.63 dB at 4.25 GHz, 5.91 dB at 5.37 GHz and 5.2 dB at 6.18 GHz. The total efficiency at 3.93 GHz and 4.25 GHz is -1.152 dB and -0.5174 dB, at 5.37 GHz and 6.18 GHz shows a total efficiency of -0.535 dB and -0.566 dB. Finally, the antenna is fabricated and measured. A good agreement shown between measurements and fabrication in terms of return loss.

Design and Experimental Validation of a Multiband Conformal Patch Antenna for Animal-Ingestible Bolus Applications

Electronic boluses with biotelemetry capabilities enable wireless monitoring of animals’ physiological data (e.g., temperature, pH). The aim of this study was to design and experimentally validate a novel multiband (434, 868, 1400) MHz conformal patch antenna for in-body biotelemetry applications for cows. The optimal frequency band was studied prior to the design of the antenna, based on the dielectric measurements of the antenna environment (i.e., rumen). The antenna was integrated in a 13.5 cm × ø3 cm bolus and simulated in a ø300 mm spherical phantom with electromagnetic properties of cows’ rumen fluid. The proposed antenna presented a high performance with a realized gain of (–38.5; –41.2; –45.7) dBi and a radiation efficiency of (0.012%; 0.0045%; 0.001%) at 434, 868, and 1400 MHz, respectively. Following the numerical analysis and optimization, a prototype was manufactured to experimentally evaluate the antenna performance. Good agreement was obtained between the measurements and simulations both for reflection coefficients and radiation performance. The measured gain was –36.3 dBi, –40.4 dBi, and –43.6 dBi, at 434, 868, and 1400 MHz, respectively. The proposed multiband antenna will enable the development of a new generation of boluses for animal biotelemetry applications to enhance the performance of the animal monitoring systems.

Tandem Neural Network Based Design of Multiband Antennas

Tandem Neural Network Based Design of Multiband Antennas

Design of a low-SAR, high-gain multiband patch antenna with quad-band AMC for off-body communication applications

Design of a low-SAR, high-gain multiband patch antenna with quad-band AMC for off-body communication applications

Wearable Portable Flexible Antenna Covering 4G, 5G, WLAN, GPS Applications

This paper presents a multiband planar antenna with a third-order toroidal coupling structure that has potential applications in mobile communications. The antenna is fed using a coplanar waveguide structure. The radiating body model of the antenna is obtained by scaling and nesting twice in equal proportions based on a first-order toroid. The above patch was printed on a 42 × 55 × 0.1 mm3 polyimide flexible dielectric substrate. This article explores the effect of bending in different directions on the antenna performance and explores the effect of coupling with the human body on the antenna S11. The antenna was simulated using a high-frequency structure simulator and measured in an electromagnetic microwave darkroom. The simulation results of the antenna match well with the measured results, and the maximum gain of its band coverage is 4.39 dBi. The antenna can cover the frequency bands of TD-LTE (B-TrunC) (1.447–1.467 GHz), LTE42/43 (3.4–3.8 GHz), WiMAX (3.3–3.8 GHz), 5G band n78 (3.4–3.8 GHz), WLAN (5.15–5.35 GHz), 5G (5.725–5.825 GHz), and other commercial bands.

Implementation of the Metamaterial Multiband Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna for IoT Wireless Standards

A reconfigurable metamaterial multiband antenna operating an octa-band resonating mode is designed for IoT wireless applications. Metamaterial cell split ring resonator (SRR) and quasi-complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) are printed on the back and front sides of the proposed antenna design to achieve the multiband characteristics. The PIN diode is implemented in a slotted ground section of the antenna structure to get different wireless standards by switching the diode ON/OFF. During reverse biased (OFF) mode of diode antenna operating at eight resonant frequencies 2.42, 4.34, 5.81, 8.45, 11.02, 13.98, 16.12, and 18.87 GHz covering the IoT wireless standards such as S, C, X, Ku, and K band to identify a variety of wireless applications such as WLAN, WAIC, ITU, Satellite, and radar communication. Simple structure, stable radiation pattern, multiband operation, frequency band reconfigurability feature, reasonable gain, and efficiency are the significant features of the proposed metamaterial multiband antenna.

Small-size multiband printed monopole antenna for wireless applications

AbstractA small-size multiband antenna with 14 bands is presented in this paper for wireless applications. The studied antenna mainly consists of a folded monopole antenna and an M-shaped structure. Furthermore, the antenna has a simple design with a compact dimension of 26.8 × 10.8 mm2. The studied antenna is printed on FR4 substrate with a depth of 0.8 mm and fed by a coaxial cable. The −10 dB bandwidths measured are 210 MHz (1200–1410 MHz), 100 MHz (2200–2300 MHz), 193 MHz (3000–3193 MHz), 180 MHz (3330–3510 MHz), 390 MHz (4110–4500 MHz), 4971 MHz, 577 MHz (5300–5877 MHz), and 700 MHz (7100–7800 MHz), which can cover 3G/4G/5G/Wi-Fi/WiMAX, C, and S bands. The gain and efficiency of the presented antenna are 1.3–4.00 dBi and 46%–60.2%, respectively.

Design of Flexible Multi-Band Miniature Antenna Based on Minkowski Fractal Structure and Folding Technique for Miniature Wireless Transmission System

In light of the predicament concerning the small gain and narrow frequency range of miniature antennas, this paper employs the implementation of a fractal repeating array structure and a double-layer folding antenna structure. Through these measures, the miniature antenna is endowed with a high gain and an expansive frequency range, all within its diminutive size. The paper presents an exquisite and high-gain flexible multi-band antenna, utilizing a dielectric substrate composed of the flexible material polyimide, with a thickness of merely 0.1 mm. The implementation of this flexible material bestows a feathery mass of merely 4 mg upon the antenna, enabling it to seamlessly conform to various shapes. This makes it particularly well-suited for employment within miniature wireless transmission systems and compact mobile communication devices. In an endeavor to enhance impedance matching and radiation characteristics, the Minkowski fractal structure is ingeniously incorporated as the repeating array element. This repeating array structure assumes a pivotal role and, when combined with the double-layer folding antenna structure, achieves the objective of miniaturization. Remarkably, the antenna’s dimensions measure a mere 0.04 λ0 × 0.026 λ0 (λ0 @ 2.4 GHz). The proposed antenna boasts a remarkably diminutive volume of merely 5 × 3 × 0.1 mm3, with the measured and simulated results exhibiting a striking concurrence. Both sets of results demonstrate resonance across multiple frequencies, namely, 2.4 GHz, 5.2 GHz and 5.8 GHz. Furthermore, within the effective frequency range, the antenna attains a maximum gain of 1.65 dBi and 4.37 dBi, respectively.

Solar cell integrated multiband reconfigurable antenna

AbstractThe antennas that share radiators with solar cells are applicable to collect energy and integrate radio frequency functions. In this paper, a solar cell integrated multiband antenna is proposed on the basis of Vivaldi antenna structure. Unlike prior research, it has the capacity to reconfigure working frequencies and radiation performance of the antenna through optical control of the solar cell. The purpose of reconfiguration is achieved by means of two switching diodes placed between the differential Vivaldi radiator and conducted via biasing from the solar cell. The integrated solar cell functions both as part of the radiator and as the biasing source for switching diodes. According to the simulation and measurement results, the antenna performs consistently at around 5 GHz, while the radiation performance can be reconfigured at 1.16 and 3 GHz under illumination. In this way, the proposed antenna can fulfill various functions such as green energy collection, wireless communication, and light detection, which makes it applicable in the Internet of Things for low‐power wireless sensor terminal.