Design Of Multiband Antenna Research Articles

Bio-Inspired Algorithms Applied on Microstrip Patch Antennas: a Review

Design of small broadband, multiband and high-directivity microstrip patch antennas (MPAs) is a challenging task for the antenna research community since the classical MPAs do not perform well enough to be used in the real world applications. In this sense, various performance improvement techniques such as stacked patches, air gaps, compact meandering geometries, fractal-shapes and shorting pins are applied to design improved MPAs. Use of bio-inspired algorithms along with these techniques is trending due to their capability of manipulating antenna parameters to achieve optimized performance. Literature presents use of bio-inspired algorithms such as Genetic algorithms (GA), Particle swarm optimization (PSO), Differential evolution (DE), Invasive weed optimization (IWO), Wind driven optimization (WDO) and Ant colony optimization (ACO) on MPAs for performance enhancement. This paper begins with an introduction to MPAs followed by an analysis of the performance improvement techniques. Evolution of bio-inspired algorithms and their applications in the field of MPAs are also presented. Based on the compilation of studies, importance of applying multi-objective bio-inspired algorithms for simultaneous optimization of multiple antenna parameters is emphasized. Further, research voids in the field are revealed and direction is shown to design compact multifunctional MPAs.

Fast multi-objective optimization of multi-parameter antenna structures based on improved MOEA/D with surrogate-assisted model

For multi-objective design of multi-parameter antenna structures, optimization efficiency and computational cost are two major concerns. In this paper, an improved multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D) is proposed to improve global optimization capability by diversity detection operation and mixed population update operation. Further, in order to reduce the computational cost, a hybrid optimization strategy integrating a dynamically updatable surrogate-assisted model into the improved MOEA/D is proposed. The numerical results of test functions show that our algorithm outperforms original MOEA/D, modified MOEA/D (M-MOEA/D), and nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NGSA-II) in terms of diversity. Experimental validation of Pareto-optimal planar miniaturized multiband antenna designs is also provided, showing excellent convergence and considerable computational savings compared to those previously published approaches.

Performance enhancement of multiband antennas through a two-stage optimization technique

This paper presents an optimization technique that aims at multiband antenna design. The proposed method is based on the framework of multi-objective evolutionary algorithms, and a two-stage mechanism that balances the degree of optimizing impedance matching and the degree of providing a wide impedance bandwidth is incorporated. Conventionally, the design optimization of multiband antennas relies on minimizing the maximum reflection coefficient or maximizing the area under the return-loss curve over targeted frequency bands. However, these widely used methods direct an optimization algorithm to improper solution sub-domains in the multiband design problem. To overcome the limitation of these conventional methods, the general rule of objective functions is thoroughly investigated in this paper. Furthermore, a two-stage optimizer is designed based on what the multiband optimization problem needs. With the use of the proposed method, two multiband antennas for mobile communication systems covering 824–960 MHz and 1710–2170 MHz are successfully developed. Simulated and measured results show that the proposed technique outperforms conventional optimization approaches significantly.

소방무선대역을 포함하는 인빌딩용 다중대역 중계기 안테나 설계

본 논문은 인빌딩 이동통신용 소방무선대역을 포함하는 다중대역 중계기 안테나의 설계를 제안한 것이다. 제안된 안테나는 원형 평판 위에 중심 모노폴과 4개의 기생소자로 구성되어 있다. 다중대역에서 양호한 반사계수를 실현하기 위해서 4개의 기생소자와 중심 모노폴 사이의 상호 결합을 이용하였다. 기생소자와 중심 모노폴 사이의 거리, 중심 모노폴과 4개의 기생소자 각각의 높이와 같은 중요한 파라미터들이 다중대역에서 양호한 안테나 특성을 얻기 위해 모의실험되어졌다. 기생소자와 중심폴의 지름은 용이한 설계와 제작을 위해서 10 mm로 고정하였다. 측정된 반사계수, 2-D 패턴, 그리고 이득 값은 모의 실험된 값들과 잘 일치하였다. This paper proposes the design of multiband repeater antenna with fire-fighting band for in-building mobile communication. The proposed antenna is composed of a center monopole and 4 parasitic elements on a circular plate. In order to realize good reflection coefficients at the multiband, mutual coupling between 4 parasitic elements and center monopole antenna is considered. The important parameters such as distance between parasitic element and a center monopole, and each height of a center monopole and 4 parasitic elements are simulated to obtain good antenna characteristics at the multiband. The diameter of 4 parasitic elements and a center monopole was fixed to 10 mm for easy design and manufacturing. The measurement results of reflection coefficients, 2-D patterns and gain agreed well with their simulation ones.

Design of multiband microstrip patch antenna for C and X band

This article takes research on a novel design of multiband microstrip patch antenna. The proposed multiband microstrip patch antenna can resonate at 7 unique frequencies between 4GHz and 14GHz. To accomplish multiband frequency, a rectangular slot can be inserted in the ground plane of the patch antenna. It can achieve the reflected power of −19.58dB, −15.24dB, −20.12dB, −19.27dB, −27.13dB, −14.46dB and −25.69dB at 4.30GHz, 5.51GHz, 6.42GHz, 8.55GHz, 9.55GHz, 11.47GHz, and 12.58GHz, respectively. The obtained bandwidth is good and better voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is less than 2. The performance of proposed multiband antenna is simulated and validated by measurements. Furthermore, the effectiveness of proposed multiband patch antenna has been verified through surface current distribution and efficiency of measured results.

Design of a Dual-Band PIFA for Handset Devices and it SAR Evaluation

PIFA antenna (Planar Inverted F Antenna) is one of the most used in mobile devices, fundamentally for it reduced size. Because of the convergence of wireless services in one mobile device, it is convenient that it can operate in different frequencies, leading to multiband antenna design. Nonetheless, besides technical consideration, it is necessary the evaluation of antenna radiation impact in the user. Therefore, in this work a dual-band PIFA antenna for GSM 900 and GSM 1800 is presented and its interaction with a model of user hand and head is analyzed and evaluated by means of SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) parameter in a simulated manner. The dual-band characteristic is obtained by means of an insertion of an L-shaped slot, which will use to tune the operation frequencies.

Reconfigurable resonant module for multi‐band antenna design

Novel resonant modules for constructing multi-band mobile antennas are proposed in this study. The basic configuration of the module, named as the prototype module, is designed based on a series LC resonant circuit. By adding a varactor to the module, it can be transformed into a reconfigurable module. By introducing an extra resonant mode with capacitive coupling to enhance the bandwidth, a wide-band module can be obtained. These modules have different frequency ranges, and can be combined into multi-band antennas for various applications. The proposed modules are demonstrated by constructing a 4G-LTE antenna. The reconfigurable module, which is of 20 × 20 mm2, is designed to switch between LTE700 (698–787 MHz) and GSM850 (824–960 MHz) bands. The wide-band module, which is of 10 × 10 mm2 and 49.3% bandwidth, is designed for GSM1800/GSM1900/UMTS/LTE2300/LTE2500 (1.71–2.59 GHz) applications. All designs have been realised and measured for validation. The proposed antenna modules, which are simple and convenient to use, can provide flexibility, especially in antenna deployment, in multi-band mobile antenna designs.

Printed quad-band CPW-fed slot antenna

This article focuses on the design of a CPW-fed slot multiband antenna at frequency bands of 2.4, 3.5, 5.2, and 5.8 GHz, compliant the bandwidth requirements of the services that operate in these bands. The antenna is printed on a 30 × 32 mm2 FR-4 substrate with thickness of 1.5 mm. Resonances are achieved by the use of a combination of slots of different geometries. The measured and simulated results prove that the proposed antenna is suitable for LTE, M-WiMAX, Bluetooth, and WLAN applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:145–151, 2016

Design and performance analysis of small-sized multiband microstrip patch antenna on custom-made biopolymer substrate

Abstract This paper presents a simple design analysis and performance evaluation of rectangular, slotted, microstrip feed patch antenna. The design processes are performed by employing the finite element method (FEM)-based commercial EM simulation software High-Frequency Structural Simulator (HFSS). The proposed multiband antenna is composed of a rectangular, slotted radiator formed with four arc slots and central square slot, reduced ground plane, and microstrip line for feeding. The patch antenna is excited through the standard 50 Ω RF transmission line, impedance-compliant SMA connector that is connected to the microstrip line. The optimal parametric dimensions from the numerical simulations are used for constructing the physical prototype on a custom-made, ceramic-filled biopolymer substrate of ε r=10.0. Based on simulation results, the experimental data are collected, analyzed, and compared; the surface current distributions on the patch, gain, and radiation patterns are critically discussed. The measured results show the impedance bandwidths for S11 less than -10 dB are 712 MHz at 0.788 GHz band, 1.38 GHz at 3.34 GHz band, and 2.46 GHz at 8.01 GHz band. The good radiation pattern performances, almost stable gain over the bands, and appreciable bandwidths recommend the antenna for operating in RFID, WiMAX, and C/X-band applications.

General design approach of monopole and helix integrated antennas for radio apparatus

ABSTRACTA design approach of multiband and wideband antennas for radio communication devices is presented. The antenna is consisted of a monopole, a folded loop, and a helix. The fundamental behaviors of the single element and their combinations are analyzed to give desired bandwidths per the mutual coupling between elements. The ground plane dimension and the device thickness are considered. The study has a focus on the UHF and lower microwave range to support most of civilian applications. The presented antenna structure is a good starting point to be familiar with the multiband antenna design as the antenna can be configured to cover a wide frequency range to support cellular telephony, GPS, wireless local networking on so forth. A radio communications device incorporating such antennas is also described. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1718–1723, 2015

A multiband and wideband antenna using RF switch for mobile application

A multiband and wideband antenna design for wireless devices is proposed. Wideband and multiband antenna techniques were realized using RF switch and a meander-shaped structure. For low bands, the proposed antenna design is based on PIFA structure and its resonant frequency can be controlled by an RF switch to adjust the impedance to realize the required service band. By adopting a meander-shaped radiator, wideband operation can be achieved in high bands. Several operating bands covering 704—960 MHz and 1710—2170 MHz for the GSM850/900/1800/1900, LTE band1/2/3/4/5/8/13/17 bands, and UMTS 850/900/1800/1900/2100 bands. The proposed antenna is flexible at tuning bandwidths and capable of attaining good omnidirectional coverage and reasonable antenna gain overall those bands. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1491–1494, 2015

Analysis of Triple Band Rectangular Patch Antenna Loaded With Pairs of L Shaped Slots

This paper presents a slotted multiband antenna design achieved by loading a pair of L shaped slots in a rectangular micro strip antenna (RMSA). The proposed designed antenna resonates at three frequencies namely 2.7 GHz, 3.65 GHz and 5.7 GHz. Proposed antenna designed results in an increment of 33% bandwidth with stable characteristics, such as return loss, VSWR, radiation pattern, gain and impedance matching. Antenna can be very useful for WiMAX and WLAN applications. IE3D virtual platform is used for simulation of designed antenna. Keyword Microstrip, L shaped slots, Bandwidth, Return Loss.

Design of Compact Multiband Antenna for Triple-Band Cellular Base Stations

In this letter, a tapered-slot antenna (TSA) that covers 1.5/2/2.4-GHz bands is designed for a 6-sector base station. It is shown that the TSA with desired half-power beamwidth and front-to-back (F/B) ratio at the frequency bands can be designed by loading the two pairs of slits and reflector. Results of numerical simulation show that the designed TSA radiates a sector beam with high F/B ratios over 20 dB at 1.5/2/2.4-GHz bands.

MODERN ANTENNA DESIGN USING MODE ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES

In this paper, the modal theory of antennas is re-visited, believing that it brings invaluable information towards facilitating the design of multi-feed multi-band antennas. First, some subtle changes are proposed to enhance the applicability of the theory. Next, using some efficient computational techniques, the proposed formulations are shown to predict, to a very high accuracy, the input impedance of any antenna under study. This greatly simplifies the antenna problem and focuses design efforts on finding the appropriate complex resonance frequency to cover a required band. Finding the appropriate feed location is then a matter of extracting the corresponding impedance map for this antenna through simple field manipulations.

Analysis and Design of a Novel Multiband Antenna for Mobile Terminals

A multiband planar terminal antenna with a compact size of 40 mm × 24 mm is proposed in this paper. This antenna consists of a monopole patch with two slots on it and a meandering strip loaded on the top. Two parasitic stubs and a branch on the ground are used to adjust and widen the impedance bandwidth of the antenna. Simulations and measurements are carried out to study the antenna performances in terms of impedance matching, efficiency, gain, and radiation patterns. Both of simulation and measurement results are shown to illustrate the good performance of the proposed antenna. The antenna can operate at 450–474 MHz, 860–1040 MHz, 1705–2428 MHz, and 2500–2710 MHz. These operating bandwidths cover GSM900, DCS, PCS, UMTS, LTE2500, and LTE’s low frequency band (450–470 MHz). It is very suitable for multifunctional terminal applications in wireless communication systems.

Adaptive network-based inference system models on multiband patch antenna design

In this study, an adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for multiband microstrip patch antenna (MMPA) modeling is proposed. The MMPA includes a single patch with inverted L-shaped stubs on the edges. The antenna production process needs iterative runs of the electromagnetic (EM) simulator, fabricating and testing the simulated antenna to nd the optimum geometry. Production processes (design, simulation, fabrication, and testing) and the cost computation time add to the overall manufacturing expenses. A computer-aided modeling approach using the ANFIS is developed and trained with data acquired from the EM simulators, Sonnet Suites and AWR AXIEM, and measurement data. The overall data set includes 7777 input-output pairs, of which 3338 are used for the testing of the ANFIS model. The trained ANFIS model provides accurate and reliable results compared with the EM simulators and measured data.

Design and Investigation of Disk Patch Antenna with Quad C-Slots for Multiband Operations

An investigation into the design and fabrication of multiband disk patch antenna with symmetrically quad C-slots is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna shows multiband resonance frequencies which highly depend on substrate thickness, dielectric constant, and radius of the disk patch. By incorporating two pairs of C-slots in optimum geometry on the radiating patch, the proposed antenna operates between 2 and 12 GHz at different frequency bands centered at 2.27, 7.505, 9.34, 10.33, and 11.61 GHz. The other antenna parameters are studied like gain, antenna efficiency, and radiation pattern. The proposed antenna may find applications in S-, C-, and X-band. The results are carried out with the aid of HFSS and MOM-based IE3D simulator. The measured and simulated results are in good agreement with each other.

MULTIBAND PROBE-FED STACKED PATCH ANTENNA FOR GNSS APPLICATIONS

A novel design of multiband probe-fed stacked patch antenna for Beidou Satellite Navigation System (BDS) and Global Position System (GPS) applications is proposed. The presented antenna covers BDS-1 L (1616 ± 5 MHz), BDS-1 S (2492 ± 5M Hz), BDS-2 B1 (1561 ± 5M Hz) and GPS L1 (1575±5 MHz) frequency bands. Excellent high port isolation and Circular Polarized (CP) performance are achieved by introducing four metallized holes which are strictly symmetrical about the centre of the patch antenna. The proposed antenna is fabricated, and its performance is verified in measurement.

Design for Triple Band Patch Array Antenna with High Detection Ability

This paper proposes a theoretical analysis of hidden device detection and a design of multiband circular polarization patch array antenna for non-linear junction detector system application. A good axial ratio of circular polarization patch antenna is realized by a new approach that employs inclined slots, two rectangular grooves and a truncated ground for the conventional antenna. A good axial ratio of the 1.5 dB lower is measured by having an asymmetric gap distance between the ground planes of the coplanar waveguide feeding structure. The common ground plane of the linear array has an optimum trapezoidal slot array to reduce the mutual coupling without increasing the distance between the radiators. The higher gain of about 1 dBi is realized by using the novel common ground structure. The measured return loss, gain, and axial ratio of the proposed single radiator, as well as the proposed array antennas, showed a good agreement with the simulated results.

Wideband and Multiband Antenna Design and Fabrication for Modern Wireless Communications Systems

One of the major challenges due to spectrum scarcity in modern wireless communication is on antenna design that can serve a non-contagious frequency spectrum. In this paper, wideband and multiband design approaches are proposed to produce antennas that can serve various wireless technologies using different frequencies from 2.3 to 6.0 GHz, covering WiFi frequencies at 2.4-2.48 GHz, 5,15-5,35 GHz and 5,725-5,825 GHz, as well as WiMax frequencies at 2.3-2.4 GHz, 2.495-2.695 GHz, 3.3-3.8 GHz, and 5.25-5.85 GHz. The wideband and multiband antenna were implemented on an 0.8 mm thick of FR4 epoxy dielectric substrate with permittivity er=4.3. The return loss of 10 dB can be achieved for 2.3 to 6 GHz in wideband antenna, and a tripe band of 2.3-2.8 GHz, 3.3-3.7 GHz, and above 4.6 GHz in multiband antenna. The gain of both antennas increases almost linearly from 0 dB at 2.3 GHz to around 4.5 dB at 6 GHz, except for the stop band at 2.8-3.3 GHz which has a significant drop of gain, corresponding to the stop frequency band. Antenna radiation pattern is bidirectional at x-y plane and nearly omnidirectional at y-z plane, and shows a similar patern for both wideband and multiband design approaches.