Multi-turn Operation Research Articles

Beam feasibility study of a collimator with in-jaw beam position monitors

At present, the beam-based alignment of the LHC collimators is performed by touching the beam halo with both jaws of each collimator. This method requires dedicated fills at low intensities that are done infrequently and makes this procedure time consuming. This limits the operational flexibility, in particular in the case of changes of optics and orbit configuration in the experimental regions. The performance of the LHC collimation system relies on the machine reproducibility and regular loss maps to validate the settings of the collimator jaws. To overcome these limitations and to allow a continuous monitoring of the beam position at the collimators, a design with jaw-integrated Beam Position Monitors (BPMs) was proposed and successfully tested with a prototype (mock-up) collimator in the CERN SPS. Extensive beam experiments allowed to determine the achievable accuracy of the jaw alignment for single and multi-turn operation. In this paper, the results of these experiments are discussed. The non-linear response of the BPMs is compared to the predictions from electromagnetic simulations. Finally, the measured alignment accuracy is compared to the one achieved with the present collimators in the LHC.

Full spatially coherent multiturn ERL x-ray source (MARS) based on two linacs

Multiturn energy recovery linacs (ERL) looks very promising for making ERLs less expensive and more flexible, but have serious intrinsic problems. Today, only one multiturn ERL exists. This Novosibirsk ERL operates with four orbit recuperation scheme. The conception of Multiturn Accelerator-recuperator Radiation Source (MARS) was proposed in 1997 by G.N. Kulipanov, A.N. Skrinsky and N.A. Vinokurov. The use of the two-linac ERL (D. Douglas, 2001) makes multiturn operation much easier. The feasibility study for such ERL-based high brightness x-ray source is presented.

Beam breakup in one-turn and two-turn energy recovery linacs

The capital and operating costs of an energy recovery linac (ERL) may be reduced by multi-turn operation, which uses more than one pass of acceleration and deceleration. However, the beam current limit due to multipass beam breakup (BBU) may be decreased. As an example, we study a 1-GeV ERL with average current of 100 mA, which is a possible source of bright synchrotron radiation. A one-turn design with a single superconducting L-band linac is compared to a two-turn single-linac design. In simulations, the BBU threshold currents of the two-turn design are about one-half as large as the one-turn thresholds. If the linac’s strongest higher-order modes are damped to obtain quality factors of a few thousand, 100-mA currents are possible in both designs. Thus, a two-turn ERL may be a feasible path to reduce the linac cost and machine size.

Scaled electron experiments at the University of Maryland

The University of Maryland Electron Ring (UMER) and the Long Solenoid Experiment (LSE) are two electron machines that were designed explicitly to study the physics of space-charge-dominated beams. The operating parameters of these machines can be varied by choice of apertures and gun operating conditions to access a wide range of parameters that reproduce, on a scaled basis, the full nonlinear time-dependent physics that is expected in much costlier ion systems. Early operation of these machines has demonstrated the importance of the details of beam initial conditions in determining the downstream evolution. These machines have also been a convenient tested for benchmarking simulation codes such as WARP, and for development of several novel diagnostic techniques. We present our recent experience with multi-turn operation as well as recent longitudinal and transverse physics experiments and comparisons to simulation results. Development of novel diagnostic techniques such as time-dependent imaging using optical transition radiation and tomographic beam reconstruction are also described.

Commissioning of the University of Maryland Electron Ring (UMER): Advances toward multiturn operation

The University of Maryland Electron Ring (UMER) is a low-energy, high current recirculator for beam physics research [M. Reiser et al., in Proceedings of the 1999 Particle Accelerator Conference, New York, NY (IEEE, New York, 1999), p. 234]. Ring construction is completed for multiturn operation of beams over a broad range of intensities and initial conditions. UMER is an extremely versatile experimental platform with a beam current of up to 100mA and a pulse length as long as 100ns. UMER is addressing issues in beam physics relevant to many applications that require intense beams of high quality, such as advanced concept accelerators, free electron lasers, spallation neutron sources, and future heavy-ion drivers for inertial fusion. The primary focus of this paper is to present experimental results in the areas of beam steering and multiturn operation of the ring. Unique beam steering algorithms now include measurement of the beam response matrix at each quadrupole and matrix inversion by singular value decomposition. With these advanced steering methods, transport of an intense beam over four turns (144 full lattice periods) of the ring has been achieved.