Dam Reservoir Research Articles

Spatial differences of dissolved organic matter composition and humification in an artificial lake.

The depth-dependent dynamics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) structure and humification in an artificial lake limits the understanding of lake eutrophication and carbon cycling. Using fluorescence regional integration (FRI) and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) models to analyze the 3D fluorescence spectroscopy dataset, we revealed the depth-dependent structure and vertical distribution of DOM in the estuarine and center regions of Lake Hongfeng. The percentage fluorescence response (Pi,n) showed humic acid is an important part of DOM in Lake Hongfeng. Fluorescence results show that the fulvic-like and protein-like materials in HF1-DOM located at the estuarine position showed greater variation in the middle stage, probably due to human influence and sediment suspension. Fluorescence index (PI+II+IV,n/PIII+V,n and FIC4/FIC3) can be used to indicate the degree of humification of DOM in artificial lakes. Results of each index show that the estuary is more affected by human activities, and the humification degree is significantly lower than that of the center of the lake. The evaluation index system of the humification degree of artificial lake established in this study can effectively predict the eutrophication state of the typical area of artificial lake and deeply understand the possible important influence of human activities on the carbon cycle of lake.

Hydrodynamic Evaluation of Hemrin Dam Reservoir: Morphological Examination

Hydrodynamic Evaluation of Hemrin Dam Reservoir: Morphological Examination

Utilizing multi-criteria decision-making analysis and 3D visualization techniques for dam site selection and irrigation area identification in Gedeb River, Ethiopia

Irrigation dams and irrigation suitability analysis is important for optimal water management, crop selection and productivity, water conservation, environmental sustainability, and economic viability in agriculture arena. Thus, the main objectives of this study were to identify a suitable dam site and irrigation area in the Gedeb River, Ethiopia, using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making analysis and 3D Visualization techniques. To identify a suitable dam site, various parametrs such as rainfall, runoff, stream flow, mineral site, faulting areas, landslide site, rock types, elevation points, relief features, soil types were used while to identify a suitable irrigation area, different parametrs such as altitude, slope, soil, geological structure, distance, and land use land cover datasets were used. The necessary dataset which were used to identify a suitable dam site and irrigation area collected from Ethiopian Mapping Authority (EMA), Ethiopian irrigation and energy ministry freely. In addition, for the final irrigation dam site selection and suitable irrigation area in the Gedeb watershed, multi-criteria decision-making method with expert judgment were applied respectively. Based on the study's findings, a suitable irrigation water reservoir dam covering an area of 1886 ha, with a potential water holding capacity of 2,961,145,697 cubic meters was identified. The results also revealed a highly suitable area of 18,362.05 ha, a moderately suitable area of 19,204.05 ha, a marginally suitable area of 2095.25 ha, and a not suitable area of 2.89 ha for the aforementioned purpose. The methodological approach and research findings presented in this study can greatly assist government and non-governmental organization planners and decision-makers in the development of irrigation projects.

Ecological Potential of Freshwater Dam Reservoirs Based on Fish Index, First Evaluation in Poland

A pilot ichthyological index was developed for use within the Water Framework Directive in the area of Central and Eastern Europe for dam reservoirs, which are heavily modified water bodies. This is the first approach to assessing this water body type based on ichthyofauna in Poland. Various fishing gear types were used. The tested dam reservoirs were scattered throughout the country, from lowland to mountainous areas, with very diverse hydrological and morphological characteristics and pressure ranges based on the TSI index. In preliminary work, a correlation matrix with the TSI index’s pressure indicator was tested based on the abundance or biomass of fish species, fish families present, fishing gear used, and fishing depth range for a total of 588 cases. As a result of the tests carried out, the preliminary indicator was based on the ratio of the number of the two families Cyprinidae and Percidae. The correlation between the developed indicator and the pressure index was strong (r = 0.77; p < 0.001). The Percidae family exhibited a strong correlation with the most connections in the matrix. Based on the obtained results, the principle of using already confirmed relationships, such as the ratio between Cyprinidae and Percidae fish families, in the assessment of eutrophication was confirmed to be effective, guaranteeing the effective initial assessment of ecological potential.

Cascade failure risk analysis of mixed reservoirs based on disaster spreading theory

The reservoirs in the basin are connected in series or in parallel, forming a mixed reservoir group. Failure of a single dam in a mixed reservoir group may lead to subsequent failures of downstream dams, resulting in a cascading failure of the reservoir group. However, existing studies mainly focus on the impact of the upstream dam failure on the downstream dams, and lack a comprehensive consideration of the risk level of the upstream dams, the dam's own risk, and its own warning and flood release capacity. This limitation affects the accuracy of the actual risk calculation results of mixed reservoir dams. In this paper, the cascading failure risk chain is determined using graph theory, and a cascade failure risk analysis model based on disaster spreading theory is developed by combining dam break flood simulation and reservoir flood routing theory. The cascade failure risk is assessed in terms of the probability and the duration of a cascading failure. The model is applied to six mixed reservoirs in the Wujiang River Basin, China. The sensitivity of the model parameters is analyzed by examining a specific node, and the feasibility and effectiveness of the model are verified.

Water Management on Drinking Water Reservoirs in the Aspect of Climate Variability: A Case Study of the Dobromierz Dam Reservoir, Poland

Water Management on Drinking Water Reservoirs in the Aspect of Climate Variability: A Case Study of the Dobromierz Dam Reservoir, Poland

Atmospheric Circulation in the Furnas Reservoir Region, MG: Sensitivity Experiments with RegCM5 in Convection-Permitting Mode

In the 1950s, the Furnas reservoir was created, an artificial lake surrounded by hills, for the operation of the Furnas Hydroelectric Power Plant in southeastern Brazil. Along the shores of the Furnas reservoir, there are no meteorological stations, and only three are found at a distance greater than 10 km from the reservoir, which makes it challenging to assess the lake's influence on the local climate. To address this issue, the Regional Climate Model version 5 (RegCM5) was run in convection-permitting (CP) mode for two months, with a horizontal resolution of 1 km, to investigate the near-surface atmospheric circulation patterns around the reservoir. Three numerical experiments were conducted using RegCM5-CP nested in ERA5 reanalysis: a control simulation (CTRL), an experiment where the topography was assumed to be flat throughout the domain (expTOPO), and an experiment where the water body was replaced by vegetation (expVEG). The first month of simulation in each experiment was excluded from the analysis as it was considered a spin-up period. RegCM5-CP has good performance in simulating the diurnal cycle of the 2-m air temperature and reasonable performance for the 10-m wind intensity compared to observed data from three meteorological stations in the domain of simulation (but distant from the reservoir shore). Despite the geographic complexity of the Furnas reservoir, the experiments revealed coupling between lake and valley breezes during the daytime and land and mountain breezes during nighttime in different segments of the reservoir, such as in Guapé (near the dam). However, mountain-valley breezes are more dominant.

Investigation of the Stomach Composition and Feeding Habit of Bagrus bayad,(Macropterus) Catfish Specie in Kiri Dam Reservoir, Adamawa State, Nigeria

This study was carried out to investigate the food and feeding habit of Bagrus bayad specie in Kiri Reservoir. Sample collected were one hundred and seventy-four species of Bagrus bayad, randomly sampled for a period of six months. Male and the female were determined by physical observation of the fish gonad. The determination of the food and feeding habit of the fish were done through visceral dissection of the fish from mouth to anus to reveal the intestinal organ. Stomach ware removed and the contents are emptied in to a clean petri-dish. Food materials in the stomachs were analysed under light microscope; and each food item from the content was identified using a provided recommended guide. Data were analysed using percentage, mean and standard deviation. Result of the analysis shows that the food from stomach content are mostly of plant and animal origin. The percentage mean for the food items in the six months shows that plant parts have the highest mean of 17.94% and fish parts have a mean of 16.76%. This is an indication that Bagrus bayad fish are omnivorous, based on this outcome it is recommended that aquaculture farmers of Bagrus bayad should effectively utilised plants and animals’ materials in the formulation of feeds for feeding Bagrus bayad fish in culture.

A Review of Safety Inspection Methods for Reservoir Dams

A Review of Safety Inspection Methods for Reservoir Dams

Design of an intelligent Near-Infrared responsive antibacterial Nano-Platform based on MoS2/Cu3Mo2O9

In this era of high drug resistance, there is an urgent need for novel antimicrobial agents and strategies to achieve smarter sterilization effects. However, developing an environmentally friendly, controllable, and self-cleaning smart antimicrobial material remains a formidable challenge. In this work, a smart antimicrobial nanoplatform composed of Cu3Mo2O9 and MoS2 has been successfully designed and synthesized. The computational findings reveal that, owing to the interfacial coupling between the two substances at the solid junction, this architecture can effectively absorb near-infrared light, significantly reduce migration resistance, and improve carrier separation efficiency. Empirical observations demonstrate that with a sample concentration of 100 μg/mL, under near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation, the microenvironmental temperature proximal to the bacteria can be swiftly elevated from 28.6 °C to in excess of 50 °C within a mere 6 min. The overall photothermal conversion efficiency is 32.6 %, and it exhibits an active oxygen level nearly 5 times higher than that of Cu3Mo2O9. Furthermore, the permeability of the cell membrane was greatly improved with the increased temperature, which is beneficial for the generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) entering the bacterial cells. After synergistic antimicrobial treatment, the antibacterial rate against Escherichia coli can reach over 99 %. More importantly, this nano-platform features a unique ’activation’ mechanism that uses NIR as an ’activation switch’ to selectively toggle between ’passive defense,’ ’secondary sterilization,’ and ’active attack’ antibacterial modes as needed. Upon interaction with aqueous environments, its reusability and favorable biocompatibility with terrestrial and aquatic life promise to facilitate the intelligent eradication of deleterious microorganisms in aquatic systems via the diurnal cycle of sunrise and sunset. This is highly significant for the ongoing management and maintenance of public resources such as amusement parks, artificial fish ponds, and urban water features.

Examining the Evolution of Energy Storing in the Ecuadorian Electricity System: A Case Study (2006–2023)

Ensuring a balance between supply and demand is critical within electricity grids, requiring a supply composition that guarantees consistent service provision in the short and medium term. Between 2008 and 2017, Ecuador’s electricity generation capacity expanded significantly, with an investment of approximately USD 8150 million into harnessing the potential energy of water. This led to the construction of five high-capacity hydroelectric projects by 2017, contributing 33.4% of the sector’s energy output by 2023. However, it is important to note that if installed hydroelectric projects operate as run-of-river plants, with limited reservoir capacity, they can only regulate water use for electricity generation on an hourly basis. As of 2023, these run-of-river plants represent 68.8% of Ecuador’s total hydroelectric capacity within the National Interconnected System (SNI). Consequently, during periods of low inflows, supplementary energy from other power generation plants is necessary to prevent energy crises. This paper addresses the impact on energy storing for electricity generation resulting from the evolution of hydroelectric power plant entry from 2006 to 2023. This aspect has not been thoroughly examined in hydrothermal systems, which primarily focus on potential energy obtained from dams. Our approach involves a statistical analysis of hydroelectric dam reservoir operational levels. We further explore the influence on demand service within Ecuador’s electricity system, particularly during observed energy crises towards the end of 2023.

Mapping reservoir water quality from Sentinel-2 satellite data based on a new approach of weighted averaging: Application of Bayesian maximum entropy

In regions like Oman, which are characterized by aridity, enhancing the water quality discharged from reservoirs poses considerable challenges. This predicament is notably pronounced at Wadi Dayqah Dam (WDD), where meeting the demand for ample, superior water downstream proves to be a formidable task. Thus, accurately estimating and mapping water quality indicators (WQIs) is paramount for sustainable planning of inland in the study area. Since traditional procedures to collect water quality data are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and costly, water resources management has shifted from gathering field measurement data to utilizing remote sensing (RS) data. WDD has been threatened by various driving forces in recent years, such as contamination from different sources, sedimentation, nutrient runoff, salinity intrusion, temperature fluctuations, and microbial contamination. Therefore, this study aimed to retrieve and map WQIs, namely dissolved oxygen (DO) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) of the Wadi Dayqah Dam (WDD) reservoir from Sentinel-2 (S2) satellite data using a new procedure of weighted averaging, namely Bayesian Maximum Entropy-based Fusion (BMEF). To do so, the outputs of four Machine Learning (ML) algorithms, namely Multilayer Regression (MLR), Random Forest Regression (RFR), Support Vector Regression (SVRs), and XGBoost, were combined using this approach together, considering uncertainty. Water samples from 254 systematic plots were obtained for temperature (T), electrical conductivity (EC), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), pH, oxidation–reduction potential (ORP), and dissolved oxygen (DO) in WDD. The findings indicated that, throughout both the training and testing phases, the BMEF model outperformed individual machine learning models. Considering Chl-a, as WQI, and R-squared, as evaluation indices, BMEF outperformed MLR, SVR, RFR, and XGBoost by 6%, 9%, 2%, and 7%, respectively. Furthermore, the results were significantly enhanced when the best combination of various spectral bands was considered to estimate specific WQIs instead of using all S2 bands as input variables of the ML algorithms.

Energy, economic and environmental evaluation of the energy storage capabilities of artificial lakes based on pumped-hydro storage systems with a case study of Daghgoli artificial recreational lake

In the present study, Daghgoli artificial recreational lake has been investigated as an energy storage system. This lake with a capacity of 54,000 (m3) is located in the largest metropolis of northwestern Iran, above the Eynali Mountains, in the vicinity of the city. The elevation of this lake is about 450 (m) from the downstream lake with a capacity of 60,000 (m3). The energy storage capacity of the lake has been evaluated based on the pumped-hydro method. Then, the capacity of this large “battery” to store a part of the excess energy generated by the Tabriz thermal power plant has been evaluated. In addition to the technical evaluation, a full economic analysis as well as environmental investigation of application of the lake as an energy storage system has been conducted. The capacity that can be develop the existing small wind farm in the vicinity of the lake so that its generated energy can be fully stored by the energy storage system based on Daghgoli Lake has also been determined. Finally, the capacity of the photovoltaic solar power plant that can be established in the flat plain adjacent to the lake to store its generated electricity by the lake to be used at night or peak hours has been also evaluated. The results showed that using the presented energy storage plan, 74.7(MWh) of excess electrical energy generated by the thermal power plant can be stored daily. By releasing this energy during peak hours, 13.24 (MW) of electricity can be generated with an energy conversion efficiency about 71 %. At the same time, the emission of 8508 tons of carbon dioxide can be prevented during a year. The investment payback period of the project is estimated to be 4.7 years. By using the designed energy storage system, a wind farm consisting of 16 turbines with a capacity of 660 (kW) or a photovoltaic solar plant with a capacity of 9.34 (MW) can be created.

Symmetrical fully coupled numerical model for efficient dam–reservoir interaction analysis in time domain

ABSTRACT A numerical model is presented for solving the dam–reservoir interaction (DRI) problem in the time domain. The primary aim of this paper is to introduce a coupling method that could be simply implemented in a monolithic DRI model, yields a symmetrical system of equations, and maintains accuracy comparable to existing studies. The finite element method is employed to solve the equation of motion for the structure, and the finite volume method is for the Navier–Stokes equations in the fluid domain. These two solvers are coupled using an innovative approach to generate a pressure-based symmetric system of equations, which is resolved implicitly. Moreover, unlike most previous DRI studies, free surface waves are considered in the modeling procedure, and their effects are investigated. Comparison of the results with benchmark test cases from the literature demonstrates that the proposed numerical method is both straightforward and precise.

Mercury concentrations and differences in isotopic niches of fish from upstream and downstream of an Amazon reservoir dam.

Reservoir construction promotes many environmental impacts, including the enhancement of mercury concentrations in fish. The processes that can influence mercury concentrations in fish in Amazonian reservoirs are still little explored in depth, especially when we consider the possible particularities of the ecosystems in question. This study aims to investigate how mercury concentrations in fish could be influenced by the Tucuruí dam, considering possible changes in their feeding and trophic position according to the dam position (up or downstream). Fish were sampled upstream and downstream of the Tucuruí reservoir, and total mercury (THg) and stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen (δ15N and δ13C) were measured in muscles. We observed three different Hg bioaccumulation patterns influenced by the dam. These differences occurred due to species trophic niche changes corroborated by the isotope analysis. Higher THg concentrations downstream compared to those upstream ones were only observed for Geophagus proximus. On the contrary, Plagioscion squamosissimus, from downstream, presented lower concentrations than upstream ones. The isotopic niche of these two species presented different changes according to the sampled site. THg biomagnification was higher upstream compared to downstream, considering that the regression slope was approximately two times higher upstream versus downstream. THg concentrations in fish were explained by the differences in their feeding habits according to their location in relation to the dam. The difference in THg biomagnification was able to reflect differences in structure of the food web chain in ecosystems under the dam's influence.

The Effect of Mineral Composition on the Correlation between Point Load Index with the Uniaxial Compressive Strength of Sulfate Rocks and their Point Loading Deformation

Point load test is a common, inexpensive and fast test for the indirect achievement of compressive or tensile strength of the rocks in the laboratory and the field. In this research, by conducting uniaxial compression test (UCT), axial (APLT), and diametral (DPLT) point load tests on gathered sulfate rock blocks from the Gachsaran Formation outcrops at the four under-construction reservoir dam sites in Iran, investigate the effect of mineral composition on the relationships between point load index, the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and their point load deformation. Regarding that, firstly by creating a correlation between axial (APLI) and diametral (DPLI) point load index and UCS, relationships for each specific mineral composition were provided. Secondly, by comparing the reliability of the APLT and DPLT results in predicting UCS, the conversion factors of the APLI and DPLI to the UCS were calculated. Thirdly, the effect of unique or multiple sampling locations in the analysis results was compared, and finally, for the first time, the deformation of loading points in point load tests was investigated. The results of this study confirmed that by variation of mineral composition of sulfate rocks, the relationships between APLI and DPLI, and UCS, conversion factors as well as loading points deformation patterns during point load tests are changed significantly, and the results of APLT and DPLT can be used to predict UCS with the same reliability in dry and saturated conditions.

Glacial lake outburst floods threaten China-Nepal connectivity: Synergistic study of remote sensing, GIS and hydrodynamic modeling with regional implications

Holistic study of glacial lakes and glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) in the strategically important China-Nepal transportation corridors is imperative for regional connectivity and disaster risk reduction. This study focuses on four China-Nepal transportation corridors, namely Chentang-Kimathanka, Zhangmu-Kodari, Keyrung-Kathmandu and Taklakot-Hilsa from east to west in the Himalayan region. Within a remote integrated framework, we present the latest high-resolution inventory of glacial lakes, assess their decadal spatio-temporal changes (1992–2022), identify potentially dangerous glacial lakes, and apply hydrodynamic model to assess downstream impacts of possible GLOFs along the study area. The results show 2688 glacial lakes (≥0.001 km2) with a total area of 116.10 ± 8.53 km2 over the study area in 2022. Glacial lakes exhibited spatiotemporal heterogeneity in expansion, with overall expansion of 32 % during 30 years. Keyrung-Kathmandu corridor, among others, was assessed with high GLOF susceptibility. Furthermore, hydrodynamic modeling of four highly dangerous lakes in each transportation area reveals that GLOFs have cross-border effects, impacting ∼103 km of China-Nepal highway, 103 bridges, two major dry ports and 3301 buildings in both countries. Based on these findings, we emphasize the joint efforts of both countries for integrated disaster management for smooth connectivity between two countries and saving downstream population through joint cooperation from central to local government levels by initiating artificial lake lowering, developing cross-border early warning systems and cooperation. This study is valuable for presenting a synergistic study of glacial lakes and GLOF for informing decision- and policy-makers of both China and Nepal for a joint approach to disaster mitigation.

The role of artificial ponds for anuran diversity in managed areas of the Atlantic Forest

ABSTRACT Artificial ponds can be important reproductive sites for anurans in human-disturbed habitats. However, this capacity depends on the configuration of the habitat where they are inserted. We evaluated how anuran beta diversity was influenced by the configuration of the surrounding habitat and water parameters in artificial ponds in southern Brazil. Physicochemical parameters of water and the configuration of the surrounding habitat were the elements that best explained the variation in beta diversity. However, the surrounding habitat had a predominant role in the differences between communities. The level of exposed soil was the component that best acted on the turnover component of beta diversity followed by urbanization, which highlights the impact of human presence on anuran diversity. In other words, we observed that anthropogenic changes caused changes in species composition in the evaluated ponds. Among water parameters, only phosphate was relevant for the configuration of communities. Phosphate peaks may result from sewage or fertilizer contamination, not infrequent in the region despite the low human density and the small-scale agriculture economy. Even though they are anthropogenic environments, artificial ponds can help maintain the anuran communities, but their effectiveness will depend on the presence of forest remnants and water quality.

Economic life evaluation of reservoir dams based on comprehensive costs and benefits analysis considering potential dam breach: A case study of the Luhun reservoir in China

The scientific evaluation of a dam’s economic life is necessary to determine its management strategy rationally. However, most studies have mainly focused on analyzing the current economic characteristics of reservoir dams without considering their long-term development trend. And they have failed to incorporate the potential loss caused by dam breaches as one of the operating costs for dams. Consequently, this results in the inability to scientifically calculate the economic life of reservoir dam operations. Therefore, this study analyzed the factors influencing the economic life of reservoir dams in term of safety, costs, benefits and society, and established an economic life evaluation indicator system for reservoir dams. Based on the analyses of costs and benefits of reservoir dams, an economic life evaluation model for reservoir dams was constructed by comprehensively considering the impact of potential dam breaches and the social impact of reservoir dams on the production and lives of local residents. Moreover, based on economic theory, the economics of various types of management measures for reservoir dams and their impact on the economic life of dams were analyzed. The proposed model was applied to the Luhun Reservoir in Henan Province, China, to quantify the comprehensive costs and benefits of its operation for each year after 1990 s, analyze the trend of its “cost-benefit” relationship, and calculate its expected economic life. The results showed that when considering its own risks and social impacts, the expected economic life of the Luhun Reservoir was 74 years. The Luhun Reservoir is expected to operate up to its non-economic life span till 2039. Finally, suggestions for expanding the economic life of dams were proposed. Potential dam breach losses can significantly reduce the economic life of reservoir dams. And risk management measures for reservoir dams should be particularly strengthened during daily operations and management.

Freshwater wetlands for flood control: How manipulating the hydroperiod affects plant and invertebrate communities.

Thoughtfully managed hydroperiods in natural and artificial wetlands could potentially provide a combination of desirable flood control services and high ecological functions. To explore how managed freshwater wetlands typical of the Houston, Texas area would respond to different hydrological regimes that might occur if wetlands were drained in anticipation of a heavy rain that did not materialize, we conducted a mesocosm experiment with six flooding depths and seven drought durations, followed by seven months of recovery. We found that the speed in which mesocosms dried out was a function of initial water depth, with mesocosms initially set with greater water depths (30 cm) taking ~ 38 days to dry out versus zero days for wetlands that were completely drained. Individual plant species (14 species planted; 8 species common at the end of the recovery period) were affected by drought length, flooding depth, or their interaction, although details of these responses varied among the species. The composition of the plant community at the end of the drought period was strongly affected by drought length, and the effect of the drought length treatment persisted through seven months of post-drought recovery, with the 80- and 160-day drought treatments diverging most strongly from shorter drought treatments. Above- and below-ground biomass of plants was not affected by the treatments, but above-ground dead biomass (litter) decreased with increasing drought length. Densities of mosquito larvae, snails and tadpoles were temporally variable, and were affected more during the treatment period and early in recovery than after a disturbance event late in recovery. Our results indicate that managed wetlands in southeast Texas would be quite resilient to dry periods of up to 40 days in duration, especially if water was not completely drained at the beginning of the drought. In addition, many species would persist in managed wetlands even with droughts of up to 160 days. This indicates considerable potential for managing the hydroperiods of artificial detention ponds by retaining water longer to increase ecological function, with little to no loss of flood control services, and for managing the hydroperiods of natural wetlands by draining them in advance of anticipated rains to increase flood control services, with little to no loss of ecological function.