Multipurpose Grease Research Articles

Fabrication and Evaluation of New Multi-Purpose Grease Using Local Raw Materials

Fabrication and Evaluation of New Multi-Purpose Grease Using Local Raw Materials

Eco-Friendly Multipurpose Lubricating Greases from Vegetable Residual Oils

Environmentally friendly multipurpose grease formulation has been synthesized by using Jatropha vegetable residual oil with lithium soap and multifunctional additive. The thus obtained formulation was evaluated for its tribological performance on a four-ball tribo-tester. The anti-friction and anti-wear performance characteristics were evaluated using standard test methods. The biodegradability and toxicity of the base oil was assessed. The results indicate that the synthesized residual oil grease formulation shows superior tribological performance when compared to the commercial grease. On the basis of physico-chemical characterization and tribological performance the vegetable residual oil was found to have good potential for use as biodegradable multipurpose lubricating grease. In addition, the base oils are biodegradable and non toxic.

Investigation of tribological condition in cold forging using an optimized design of spike forging test

The spike forging test is still commonly used although there are some new tribology test methods, but each designer would like to give their own parameters. Considering the spike height difference between low friction and high friction as the evaluation index, an optimal spike forging test developed using finite element simulations based on orthogonal optimization method and sensitivity analysis of tribological conditions of selected key design parameters was carried out. The spike height does not always monotonically decrease with the increase in friction factor in the scheme with improper parameters; therefore, the design of spike forging test should be critically evaluated before assessing tribological conditions. According to the optimized parameters, a simplified set-up of spike forging test was designed, and two retainers with a clearance fit and the billet with a chamfer were prepared to position the test billet. Finally, four different tribological conditions, including dry polytetrafluoroethylene lubricant, multipurpose grease, VG32 oil, and dry condition, in aluminum forging were chosen as a case study for the optimized design of spike forging test, and correspondingly, the lubricating effect was distinguished.

Effective thermal conductivity of lithium multipurpose grease filled with metal particles

Two-phase samples were prepared by mixing Fe, Cu, and Al particles (<50 µm) in lithium multipurpose grease with different weight fractions of Fe, Cu, and Al powders. Effective thermal conductivity of these samples has been measured by a laboratory-made thermal conductivity probe as a function of weight fraction of filled metal particles. Grease-Fe, Grease-Cu, and Grease-Al systems showed maximum thermal conductivity enhancement of 35.28%, 72.28%, and 97.40% at weight fraction of 0.3, 0.4, and 0.4 of Fe, Cu, and Al particles, respectively. An artificial neural network approach is used to model the effective thermal conductivity of these samples with three input parameters, viz. thermal conductivity of grease, thermal conductivity of metal particles, and weight fraction of metal particles, respectively. A theoretical prediction was also done using a model developed by Verma et al. Results obtained were compared based on coefficient of determination and mean absolute error between experimental and predicted values of effective thermal conductivity by artificial neural network and theoretical formulation. It is found that artificial neural network approach showed better agreement with the experimental results.

Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Castor Oil

The main thickening agent or soap in multipurpose grease, lithium 12-hydroxystearate, is a chemical commodity for the auto industry. This compound is obtained from castor oil via a series of chemical transformations. The first step, hydrogenation of castor oil, has been developed into a laboratory experiment for second-year undergraduate organic chemistry. Students are introduced to catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) as a method to reduce a carbon–carbon double bond in ricinoleic acid, the main fatty acid in castor oil. Students perform a comparative analysis based on calculation of several green metrics: atom economy, E factor, reaction mass efficiency, CO2 emissions, and costs. The product, hydrogenated castor oil, is characterized by several techniques: 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy, and melting point.

Lubricating grease from spent bleaching earth and waste cooking oil: Tribology properties

The recovery of waste from many industrial production plants and its applicability in product development may be an incentive to industry, since the use of such squander could represents a cheaper source of raw material for many of the important processes utilized in further manufacturing. This paper presents the incorporated of wastes in industries particularly palm oil industries for new multi-purpose grease. Spent bleaching earth (SBE) from local palm oil refinery is used as thickener for this newly formulated grease while waste cooking oil is used as base oil. The properties of the produced grease are studied deeply in this article. Since SBE is found to be an effective thickener to newly multi-purpose formulated grease while fumed silica act as rheology modifier. So this novel idea can bring the most effective solution to convert the industrial wastage to the usable form.

Formulation of Multi-Purpose Grease for Use under Severe Conditions

Formulation of Multi-Purpose Grease for Use under Severe Conditions

Multi-Purpose, Moisture-Resistant, High Load Carrying Polyalphaolefin Based Grease, MIL-PRF-32014

A lithium-soap-thickened synthetic hydrocarbon (polyalphaolefin) grease was developed in response to failure of a sodium-soap-thickened mineral oil grease on long term storage in the F-107 engine of the Cruise Missile. The new grease was heavily fortified with performance improving additives and has demonstrated excellent results in bench tests, in an engine test and in the actual application. The superior capabilities of the grease include very high speed (30,000 rpm), high load, high temperature, low water washout, excellent corrosion inhibition and excellent wear resistance. A military specification, MIL-PRF-32014, was written to procure this grease. Testing of the grease in C-5 aircraft landing gear is currently underway and new applications are being investigated. This grease is anticipated to meet most of the military applications and is being proposed as a new multipurpose grease that could significantly reduce the number of greases in the military inventory. Presented at the 57th Annual Meeting in Houston, Texas May 19–23, 2002

The application of cineole as a grease solvent

AbstractEconomic and environmental incentives exist to search for future applications for cineole, a major component of eucalyptus oil. New markets for cineole (such as the industrial degreasing solvent market) will have economic benefits for Western Australia, while commercial eucalyptus tree plantations have environmental benefits in addressing the state's soil salinity problem and combating the greenhouse effect. In this study, the potential applications of cineole as an industrial degreasing solvent are examined. Cineole's degreasing performance on a number of greases is compared to commonly used petroleum‐based solvents. The question to be answered was: how clean from the tribological viewpoint is the surface after the solvent treatment? The friction tests used in the experiments show that cineole has the potential to replace certain petroleum‐based solvents currently used as industrial degreasers. Cineole performs comparably to these solvents for two of the greases tested (Mobilgrease HP and Mobilith SHC 220), but performs poorer for Ampol multipurpose grease (red). This is mainly due to the different additive packages used in this grease. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Experimental studies of coastdown time

Coastdown time (CDT) monitoring of power driven rotating systems during every routine stoppage, using the coastdown phenomenon (CDP), is investigated for prediction of onset of failure. CDP plots were made for a variable speed motor with oil, multipurpose grease and Servogem grease lubrication, with released carbon brushes and with various misalignments, each at four cut-off speeds. Results facilitated determination of transition speed by sudden increases and decreases in deceleration on a deceleration versus speed curve of a CDT study. Decrease in CDT after reassembly of the rotating system indicates deviation from correct alignment. Dry friction arising from carbon brushes increases deceleration rate considerably.

GREASE PUMPABILITY

The factors governing the flow properties of grease are discussed with particular reference to the RN multipurpose grease XG‐274 and the soft lime‐base grease LG‐380. Results obtained at 70°F using a pumping rig with pipes of ½ inch, ¾ inch or ¼ inch external diameter are presented in terms of apparent viscosity in line with the procedure approved by the National Lubricating Grease Institute. The data can be used to assess the suitability of systems proposed for dispensing the greases, supplemented where necessary by apparent viscosity measurement by Standard Method ASTM‐D 1092.

A Survey of Rolling-Bearing Failures

The condition of approximately 600 suspect rolling bearings from electrical machinery was examined. This number did not represent a high failure rate in relation to the number in use at the time, but afforded a basis for the assessment of the frequency of the various types of failure. The grease in use was the R.N. multipurpose grease XG-274 which consists of mineral oil and a gelling agent (currently a metallic soap) and oxidation and corrosion inhibitors, but some bearings still contained earlier greases. The most frequent causes of failure were corrosion, various machine and fitting defects, and dirt. The defects detected are discussed.