Multipurpose Forest Research Articles

Speed and road quality effects on dynamic load multi-purpose forest firefighting vehicles

Speed and road quality effects on dynamic load multi-purpose forest firefighting vehicles

Multi-Purpose Accessibility of Mountain Area Forests for the Purpose of Forest Management and Protection of the State Border

The planning and implementation of surveillance of state territory in forested border areas, especially mountainous areas, is considered to be highly complex. This is illustrated by the example of the difficulties the European Union faced in controlling the 2015 European migration crisis. Thereby, Croatia has the difficult task of protecting the borders of the Union because a particular problem on the Western Balkan Route is the so-called bottleneck to Slovenia in the area of the Municipality of Donji Lapac, which consists of the green border with Bosnia and Herzegovina. Consequently, by using the example of planning multi-purpose forest roads, the aim of this paper is to propose the inclusion of the road network of border management units of mountain areas in the control system of the state’s green border, which, in this paper, includes its surveillance and protection by land for the purpose of national security. The research was conducted on the example of the Visočica–Lisac border management unit in the Municipality of Donji Lapac. The results of the research indicate a possible solution to the control of the border management unit by establishing a two-level surveillance system. The higher level consists of strategically defined surveillance points and corresponding multi-purpose forest roads designed on a tactical level. At this level, the priority is protection or, more precisely, defense of the state border. The lower level consists of tactically determined surveillance points with corresponding multi-purpose forest roads designed on the operational level. In addition to protecting the state border, this level would also have the task of protecting the forest, that is, monitoring the area of the management unit.

Public perception of the performance of Czech forest ecosystem services

AbstractIn recent years, there has been growing interest in public valuation for forest ecosystem services in policymaking. This paper investigates the public’s perception of the Czech forest ecosystem services, i.e., provisioning, regulating and cultural services, with associated factors (changes in forest cover, production, and respondents’ characteristics). The performance perception of forest ecosystem services was gathered from a nationwide survey in 2020. The Coordination of Information on the Environment Land Cover information in 2000 and 2018 was used for observation of forest cover changes. Coniferous and non-coniferous (broadleaved) roundwood, mushroom, and bilberry production data from the observed years were acquired from the Czech Statistical Office and the Ministry of Agriculture’s annual nationwide surveys. The Bohemia vs. Moravia study areas were also statistically compared. Predictor analysis of the high score of performance perception from individual and cluster forest ecosystems was also performed to answer the research objectives. The group of forest provisioning services received high scores in public evaluation (from 3.9 to 4.2), followed by regulating services (mean range: 3.7–4.1). The highest score was found in forest as a natural habitat for wild animals and plants (mean: 4.6). However, the lowest value was the esthetic value (mean: 2.3). Both are categorized as forest cultural services. The broadleaved and mixed forest areas in 2018 were significantly higher than in 2000, especially in Bohemia. Meanwhile, the total coniferous forested region in 2018 declined substantially compared to 2000 (p = 0.030), especially in Moravian areas. A significantly higher total production of the coniferous and broadleaved roundwood removals in 2018 than in 2000 was reported, in contrast to a marked decrease in collected mushrooms and bilberries. The high score of performance perception of forests as the wood provisioning service was positively and significantly associated with the changes in broadleaved roundwood removals. Older-age and female respondents were the primary predictors of the studied cluster and individual forest ecosystem services. The findings indicate that the social value of the individual forest provisioning services supports the implementation of multi-species and multi-purpose forests; hence, it encourages the implementation of the current Czech forest policy.

Application of Air Suspension System on Multi-purpose Forest Fire Fighting Vehicle for Reducing Dynamic Load

Application of Air Suspension System on Multi-purpose Forest Fire Fighting Vehicle for Reducing Dynamic Load

Dynamic Load Determination of a Multi-purpose Forest Fire Fighting Vehicle When Operating on Forestry Road

Dynamic Load Determination of a Multi-purpose Forest Fire Fighting Vehicle When Operating on Forestry Road

Transcriptomic Determination of the Core Genes Regulating the Growth and Physiological Traits of Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb

Quercus mongolica is a multipurpose forest species of high economic value that also plays an important role in the maintenance and protection of its environment. Consistent with the wide geographical distribution of Q. mongolica, differences in the growth and physiological traits of populations of different provenances have been identified. In this study, the molecular basis for these differences was investigated by examining the growth, physiological traits, and gene expression of Q. mongolica seedlings from six provenances in northern China. The results showed that there were significant differences in growth and physiological traits, except for the ground diameter (p < 0.05), and identified abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and soluble sugar contents as important physiological traits that distinguish Q. mongolica of different provenances. The transcriptome analysis showed that the largest difference in the total number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was between trees from Jilin and Shandong (6918), and the smallest difference was between trees from Heilongjiang and Liaoning (1325). The DEGs were concentrated mainly in the Gene Ontology entries of metabolic process, catalytic activity, and cell, and in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes metabolic pathways of carbohydrate metabolism, biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites, signal transduction, and environmental adaptation. These assignments indicated that Q. mongolica populations of different provenances adapt to changes in climate and environment by regulating important physiological, biochemical, and metabolic processes. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed highly significant correlations of the darkmagenta, grey60, turquoise, and plum1 modules with ABA content, IAA content, soluble sugar content, and soluble protein content, respectively. The co-expression network also indicated key roles for genes related to the stress response (SDH, WAK5, APA1), metabolic processes (UGT76A2, HTH, At5g42100, PEX11C), signal transduction (INPS1, HSD1), and chloroplast biosynthesis (CAB13, PTAC16, PNSB5). Functional annotation of these core genes implies that Q. mongolica can adapt to different environments by regulating photosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, the stress response, and other key physiological and biochemical processes. Our results provide insight into the adaptability of plants to different environments.

Performance of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) under Multipurpose Forest and Fruit Tree Species in Mid Elevation Areas of Conner, Apayao

This study was conducted to determine the growth and yield performance of ginger integrated as cash crop in Guina-ang, Conner, Apayao. Specifically, to determine the performance of ginger in the partially shaded areas in terms of plant height, number of tillers, number of leaves/ tiller, length of leaves, length of rhizomes, width of rhizomes, weight of rhizome and total weight of harvested rhizomes. Two cropping combinations were used in the study. Results of the study showed that the ginger plants cultivated under Forest Trees + Coffee + Banana + Mangosteen + Ginger + Tannia crop combination had significantly higher plant height (68.80 cm), number of tillers (11.90), number of leaves/tiller (15.10), length of leaves 22.80 cm), length of rhizomes (24.20 cm), weight of rhizome (78.53g) and total weight of harvested rhizomes (40.50 kg) compared with ginger cultivated under Forest Trees + Lanzones + Cacao + Black Pepper + Ginger cropping combination. However, no significant difference was recorded in the width of rhizomes between the two cropping combinations. The ginger plants cultivated in of the CAFE Project site can be cultivated under forest and fruit tree species in mid elevation areas of Conner, Apayao.

Lessons from Managing for the Extremes: A Case for Decentralized, Adaptive, Multipurpose Forest Management within an Ecological Framework

Multipurpose and ecological forest management frameworks are being increasingly applied across the Global North on public lands. However, the discourse and practice of public forest management in much of the developing world are captured by extreme approaches of single-crop (usually timber) production and strict canopy-cover protection, as exemplified by the case of Nepal. We combine insights from field research with published documents and trace the consequences of prevalent management regimes on the ecology and silviculture of Nepal’s public forests. We find that managing for either extreme of timber production or forest protection can degrade forest ecosystems and affect their capacity to address the increasing number of demands placed on them. A history of narrow management outlooks has erased indigenous silvicultural practices and discouraged the development of novel silvicultural solutions to address today’s environmental concerns. Government initiatives advancing singular objectives, such as Nepal’s Scientific Forest Management program, often crumble under political resistance. Forest users in Nepal are widely interested in generating diverse benefits from their forests, including non-commercial products and services, suggesting a mandate for multipurpose management. We present a decentralized adaptive modality of multipurpose management featuring a silviculture that more closely matches the ecology of forests.

Biotechnological Advances in Pharmacognosy and In Vitro Manipulation of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb.

Trees are vital resources for economic, environmental, and industrial growth, supporting human life directly or indirectly through a wide variety of therapeutic compounds, commodities, and ecological services. Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. (Fabaceae) is one of the most valuable multipurpose forest trees in India and Sri Lanka, as it is cultivated for quality wood as well as pharmaceutically bioactive compounds, especially from the stem bark and heartwood. However, propagation of the tree in natural conditions is difficult due to the low percentage of seed germination coupled with overexploitation of this species for its excellent multipurpose properties. This overexploitation has ultimately led to the inclusion of P. marsupium on the list of endangered plant species. However, recent developments in plant biotechnology may offer a solution to the overuse of such valuable species if such advances are accompanied by technology transfer in the developing world. Specifically, techniques in micropropagation, genetic manipulation, DNA barcoding, drug extraction, delivery, and targeting as well as standardization, are of substantial concern. To date, there are no comprehensive and detailed reviews of P. marsupium in terms of biotechnological research developments, specifically pharmacognosy, pharmacology, tissue culture, authentication of genuine species, and basic gene transfer studies. Thus, the present review attempts to present a comprehensive overview of the biotechnological studies centered on this species and some of the recent novel approaches for its genetic improvement.

Effect of Suspension System Stiffness on Dynamic Load Action Chassis Multi-purpose Forest Fire Fighting Vehicle

Effect of Suspension System Stiffness on Dynamic Load Action Chassis Multi-purpose Forest Fire Fighting Vehicle

Развитие организационно-экономических и стратегических аспектов капитализации отрасли многоцелевого использования лесов

Introduction. The present article forecasts the organizational, economic, and strategic aspects of the multifunctional forestry capitalization in the Kemerovo region aka Kuzbass. The authors analyzed the current Russian laws in order to answer the following question: is multi-purpose forest utilization able to ensure the rights and interests of all its participants, while providing legal means to resolve various related issues? Study objects and methods. The research featured the legal norms in the field of forest, wildlife, and subsoil utilization. The authors assessed their ability to guarantee sustainable use of natural resources while protecting the rights and legitimate interests of forest users. The study was based on general standard methods of cognition and special legal methods. Results and discussion. Hunting is regulated by hunting sector agreements. The Forest Code and the Hunting Law of the Russian Federation do not prohibit or restrict other types of forest utilization of hunting grounds. Most Western European countries link land ownership to hunting rights, which makes landowners liable for damage caused by hunting and obliged to protect the local fauna. Conclusion. Russian legislation does not provide for direct conciliation and compensation mechanisms in cases a part of hunting ground is used for other purposes, e.g. mining. Russian legislation needs legal termination procedures for hunting sector agreements and compensation rules in case a land plot was seized from hunting providers for subsoil use.

Determine the dynamic load acting on the chassis of multipurpose forest fire fighting vehicle

Multi-purpose forest fire fighting vehicle is produced in Viet Nam include a combination of fire fighting equipment such as high-pressure water pump, create corridor fire insulation cutting machine, vacuum and high wind speed bowling machine, extinguish the fire sand blast apparatus that is mounted active three axles vehicle. The paper presents how to determine the dynamic load acting on the chassis by 3D modeling method. The results of this study are the input parameters for assessing the durability of the chassis of multi-purpose forest fire fighting vehicle.

Intensive forestry and biodiversity: Use of poplar plantations by woodpeckers in a lowland area of Northern Italy

A growing portion of woodlands worldwide is allocated to tree plantations. These are intensively managed and support significantly lower biodiversity than natural forests. However, given their rising extension and importance, understanding how to enhance the role of plantations in aiding biodiversity is crucial. In the present study, we assessed the suitability of traditional poplar plantations for two woodpecker species (Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major and Lesser Spotted Woodpecker Dryobates minor), in the western Po Plain (Northern Italy). During Spring 2019, we counted woodpeckers in 29 plots located in plantations. As a comparison, 30 plots placed in semi-natural woodlands nearby were also surveyed. Moreover, within plantations, we monitored the breeding activity of woodpeckers by camera inspection, and we recorded micro-habitat, stand, and landscape variables for every plot. Densities of both species were significantly lower in plantations than in woodlands. In plantations, the occurrence of Lesser Spotted Woodpecker and abundances of Great Spotted Woodpecker were positively related to the amount and size of standing dead trees, respectively. No relationship with the landscape composition were detected. Only 11 woodpecker nests were found in a surveyed area of 274 ha, indicating scarce breeding activity. In stands with breeding woodpeckers, the loss of revenue due to the presence of dead trees ranged from 0.15% to 1.81%. We conclude that poplar plantations are marginal habitats for woodpeckers. To improve the suitability of plantations for these species, a management strategy should pursue the retention of standing dead wood, the increment of natural elements within and close by the plantation and the establishment of multi-age stands. Simultaneous implementation of these measures would buffer the detrimental effects of intensive management, thus acting as a step forward towards the achievement of a multipurpose forest.

Transformation of Agro-Forest Management Policy under the Dynamic Circumstances of a Two-Decade Regional Autonomy in Indonesia

Agro-forest management policy is one of the most trending issues in Indonesia under the dynamics circumstances of regional autonomy. Regional autonomy has been recognized in the formal governance system of the Republic Indonesia through Regional Governance Law 5/1972 and Village Governance Law 5/1979. A strong political reform following deep economic crisis in 1998 has forced Indonesian President Suharto to step down, and the new government has to accommodate political reform agendas, included a broader regional autonomy, which has been implemented under a Regional Governance Law 22/1999, then replaced by Law 32/2004 and Law 23/2014. The existing Regional Governance Law has shifted almost all authorities in forest management from the regency to the province, and associated with the new established Law 11/2020 on job creation, a single license of multi-purpose forest utilization was introduced, including agroforestry, that will potentially reduce deforestation and improve the community welfare. This study evaluates key elements of local development goals, risks and barriers, as well as basic capitals for agro-forest management in Tebo Regency, Jambi Province, using an Interpretive Structural Modelling approach. Overall, this study concludes that weak coordination, low quality of human capital, inappropriate communication with stakeholders, and lack of financial resources are the greatest challenges to the implementation of agro-forest management, particularly agroforestry, as a part of social forestry schemes.

Assessment breaking strength the chassis of Multi-purpose forest fire fighting vehicle

Chassis is a main component of the automobile, during the operation of the chassis, it is fail to fatigue damage or break. Therefore, in the process of designing the chassis, it is important to study the durability to destroy the chassis. The paper presents the results of analysing breaking strength chassis of multi-purpose forest fire fighting vehicle by Ansys Workbench software to determine stress, strain in some cases of road movement. The results of the study underlie a scientific for completing the structure of multi-purpose forest fire fighting vehicle.

Early Selection of Tree Species for Regeneration in Degraded Woodland of Southeastern Congo Basin

Miombo woodland (MW) has several multi-purpose forest species, which are over-exploited for agriculture, charcoal and logging. Industrial plantations are among the promising solutions for sustainable management of MW, but high-yielding MW species are still lacking in the forestry sector. In this context, the present study assessed the growth of MW species, with respect to their early (ES) or late (LS) successional status. Seedling development was assessed for eight tree species, which were ES (Combretum collinum, Pterocarpus tinctorius) and LS (Brachystegia boehmii, B. longifolia, B. spiciformis, B. wangermeana, Julbernardia globiflora, J. paniculata), 1, 2 and 4 years after planting. Germination and survival varied in relation to ontogenetic traits of the species, but not the successional status, as was the case for growth and productivity. Seed germination was 60% to 88% for all species (except C. collinum). Seedling survivorship was greater than 70% for most species, except for J. paniculata (36%). ES species have greater growth compared to LS, due to the allocation of biomass to diameter and the length of the root, respectively, from the early stage of seedling development. These two strategies of biomass allocation are positively correlated with height. We further observed two distinct phases of seedling development (0–2 and 2–4 years) for all species. Growth differences among LS species were identified 4 years after planting. Based on seedling biomass, B. spiciformis, C. collinum and P. tinctorius are the most productive potential candidates for reforestation of degraded MW. We concluded that seedling growth and productivity varied according to strategies of biomass allocation that were related to successional status (ES (Chipya group) versus LS (Miombo group)) and to age following planting.

A survey on the effects of bumpy road on the vibration of multi-purpose forest fire fighting vehicle

Multi-purpose forest fire fighting vehicles should carry a set of firefighting equipment such as high-pressure water pumps, tree cutters to create a fire isolation corridor, vacuum, and blowing machine high-speed wind sandblasting devices etc. The bumpy road and velocity of moving vehicles can affect the vibration response of these vehicles. Hence, in this research the vibration analysis of a Multi-purpose forest fire fighting vehicle mounted on a URAL4320 active three-wheel drive vehicle is simulated and analyzed. The effect of road bumping and speed of vehicle on the vibration parameters are studied via building mathematical models with 19 degree of freedom for simulating the suspension system of the investigated vehicle.

Dhina: A Multi-purpose communal tree-and-shrub belts around the nucleated settlements of the Konso

This paper examines multi-purpose communal forests, called the dhina, which surrounds the Konso settlements. Qualitative research, primarily in-depth interviews and field observations, were employed to explore the multiple purposes and current status of dhina. Moreover, as a native to the study area, the investigator was able to utilize his personal experiences as another source of information. Results of the study show that dhina was purposefully conserved by the communities since the time the nucleated settlements in Konso were established. The forest has multiple purposes including: fire control, latrine, garbage dump, grazing land, fruit gathering, and hiding places during times of conflict. Moreover, the study shows that dhina harbors several indigenous plant and animal species. Finally, the result indicates that the process of modernization and development process threaten the survival of dhina.

Role of an Altitudinal Zonal Basis and Remote Sensing Data in the Sustainable Management of Mountain Forests

This paper substantiates the necessity of improving the principles of using natural basis for ecosystem-focused forest management in mountain conditions using all the collected knowledge, regional databases, and new remote sensing facilities. The results of applying the spectral features of vegetation using the thermal range for studying the altitudinal differentiation of forest cover are given based on the example of the mountains of the Altai-Sayan region. Thus, forest-steppe, subtaiga light-coniferous small-leaved deciduous, mountain dark coniferous chern, mountain dark coniferous taiga, and subalpine classes of altitudinal belt complexes (ABC) can be defined in the Yenisei part of the Sayans. Particular forest-management systems should be used for each of them, taking into account the natural features of forests and their management purpose. One important task for mountain forestry and whole multipurpose forest use is to improve the ecological and geographical basis and present it in the form of medium-scale maps, which reflect not only the formational composition of forest cover, but also the altitudinal classes of ecosystems. Modern satellite remote sensing systems coupled with GIS technologies open up new possibilities for forest cover inventory, monitoring, and study methods. This makes it possible to introduce a high-quality natural basis into forest management, which is currently highly relevant at all levels of forest planning: from exploitation projects for separate forest plots to forest plans of federal subjects of the Russian Federation.

Enhancing the Role of the District Government in Decentralized Forest Management

Following the enactment of Law Number 23 of 2014 on the Regional Government, which superseded Law Number 22 of 1999 and Law Number 32 of 2004, now the local government has no longer holds an authority to manage state forest areas, except “grand forest park” (Taman Hutan Raya) located in their respective administrative areas. The management of production forests and protected forests (located at state forest areas) is the authority and responsibility of the provincial government, while the management of conservation forests is the authority of the central government. The success of forest management and management program activities is determined, among others, by government and local government policies and their implementation at the site level. By considering ntthe complexity of forest management, the context of decentralization, and available resources as well as constrained authority, this study aims to identify the level of importance, priorities, and main roles of district governments in forest management by applying the analytic network process (ANP) method. This study suggests that the district government could play a significant role in building social capital, which serves as a first step in developing collaborative forest management by promoting the optimization of multipurpose forests to preserve forests.