Multiprotocol Label Switching Traffic Engineering Research Articles

Optimizing bandwidth utilization and traffic control in ISP networks for enhanced smart agriculture.

As the demand for high-bandwidth Internet connections continues to surge, industries are exploring innovative ways to harness this connectivity, and smart agriculture stands at the forefront of this evolution. In this paper, we delve into the challenges faced by Internet Service Providers (ISPs) in efficiently managing bandwidth and traffic within their networks. We propose a synergy between two pivotal technologies, Multi-Protocol Label Switching-Traffic Engineering (MPLS-TE) and Diffserv Quality of Service (Diffserv-QoS), which have implications beyond traditional networks and resonate strongly with the realm of smart agriculture. The increasing adoption of technology in agriculture relies heavily on real-time data, remote monitoring, and automated processes. This dynamic nature requires robust and reliable high-bandwidth connections to facilitate data flow between sensors, devices, and central management systems. By optimizing bandwidth utilization through MPLS-TE and implementing traffic control mechanisms with Diffserv-QoS, ISPs can create a resilient network foundation for smart agriculture applications. The integration of MPLS-TE and Diffserv-QoS has resulted in significant enhancements in throughput and a considerable reduction in Jitter. Employment of the IPv4 header has demonstrated impressive outcomes, achieving a throughput of 5.83 Mbps and reducing Jitter to 3 msec.

Contribution of Multiprotocol Label Switching Traffic Engineering in Throughput Enhancement

Multiprotocol Label Switching traffic engineering offers competency to all types of service providers including mobile,internet. Service provider should provide highly stable and seamless connections over the globe for customers connected to network. This paper describes designing of Multiprotocol Label Switching along with traffic engineering with the help of Interior Gateway Protocol. Multiprotocol Label Switchingtraffic engineering also assures path, link and node protection functionality along with router reflector features which always ensure better efficiency and easy administration. The efficient use of available resources in internet service provider infrastructures is one of the key requirement to meet today's highly demanding business which can be possible with the help of Multiprotocol Label Switchingtraffic engineering. In this paper, one of solution has been demonstrated to mitigate subjected the requirement.

Service-aware LSP selection with fuzzy based packet scheduling scheme for non-real time traffics

An essential solution is available in Multi-protocol label switching (MPLS), which solve the problems faced by present-day networks: speed, scalability, quality-of-service (QoS) management, and traffic engineering. This paper is an extension of work on Fuzzy based Packet Scheduling Algorithm (FPSA) combined with Packets Processing Algorithm (PPA) in an Internet Protocol/Multi-Protocol Label Switching (IP/MPLS) networks. This will make provision for an intelligent service to the Label Switched Path (LSP) in MPLS networks. Several research work have been proposed on the MPLS Traffic Engineering. However, it is still imperative to further research on the effect of bandwidth increment on the core network using different mechanisms such as the analytical model of MPLS, expert-based packet scheduling algorithm for MPLS QoS support. Since MPLS is not able to provide intelligent routing, it is necessary to propose an intelligent expert system of FPSA combined with PPA. And analytical model of packet forwarding in the MPLS network would be given to provide suitable solution to traffic congestion and reliable services. Furthermore, the network model created using Network Simulator (NS 2), which carries non-real time application such as File Transfer Protocol (FTP) with bandwidth variations. The results obtained from trace files are interpreted by AWK script and used for the further analysis.

Performance Evaluation of Multi-protocol Label Switching-Traffic Engineering Schemes

Generally, the priorities of traffic engineering are one of two groups. The first is traffic-related performance targets like reducing packet loss, reducing end-to-end delay etc. Additionally, there are efficiency-related goals, such as a balance of traffic allocation through

Termite inspired algorithm for traffic engineering in hybrid software defined networks.

In the era of Internet of Things and 5G networks, handling real time network traffic with the required Quality of Services and optimal utilization of network resources is a challenging task. Traffic Engineering provides mechanisms to guide network traffic to improve utilization of network resources and meet requirements of the network Quality of Service (QoS). Traditional networks use IP based and Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) based Traffic Engineering mechanisms. Software Defined Networking (SDN) have characteristics useful for solving traffic scheduling and management. Currently the traditional networks are not going to be replaced fully by SDN enabled resources and hence traffic engineering solutions for Hybrid IP/SDN setups have to be explored. In this paper we propose a new Termite Inspired Optimization algorithm for dynamic path allocation and better utilization of network links using hybrid SDN setup. The proposed bioinspired algorithm based on Termite behaviour implemented in the SDN Controller supports elastic bandwidth demands from applications, by avoiding congestion, handling traffic priority and link availability. Testing in both simulated and physical test bed demonstrate the performance of the algorithm with the support of SDN. In cases of link failures, the algorithm in the SDN Controller performs failure recovery gracefully. The algorithm also performs very well in congestion avoidance. The SDN based algorithm can be implemented in the existing traditional WAN as a hybrid setup and is a less complex, better alternative to the traditional MPLS Traffic Engineering setup.

Analysis of traffic engineering and fast reroute on multiprotocol label switching

Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a technology developed to address the bottleneck of Internet Protocol over Asynchronous Transfer Mode network. It is a packet forwarding technology using labels to make data forwarding decisions. The use of label forwarding instead of IP address consumed a lot less resources in the old days as it was faster but nowadays the speed improvement is negligible due to new lookup table algorithm. However, it is one of the most utilized technologies among Internet Service Providers due to its Traffic Engineering (TE) capability. In this research, a deductive methodology has been used to evaluate the benefit of MPLS Traffic Engineering in the presence of traffic collision and we investigate how the implementation of Fast Reroute (FRR) helps to reduce the convergence time in case of link/node failure. Results show that TE helps to improve the quality of service in terms of latency in the presence of background traffic and FRR helps to reduce convergence time to less than 100 ms.

Efficient signal and protocol level security for network communication

Data communication over networks is of vital importance, nowadays. Different types of networks exist such as computer networks and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). So, there is a need for data security tools and efficient routing protocols for the networks. Images represent the most important type of data used over networks. So, there is a need for image security tools such as image encryption, watermarking, steganography, and forgery detection. This paper presents efficient algorithms for securing image communication over networks including algorithms for watermarking of encrypted images, steganography of images, and forgery detection if some sort of tampering has been performed on the images. In addition, two routing protocols are considered in this paper to address the bandwidth utilization problems in the Internet Service Provider (ISP) networks: the Multi-Protocol Label Switching-Traffic Engineering (MPLS-TE) and the DiffServ Quality of Service (QoS). The objective of studying the performance of these protocols is to set up high-efficiency network topologies to guarantee the flexible transfer of secure data, especially images, over the networks of interest. The MPLS controls the path of the data by utilizing the unused bandwidth, and the DiffServ QoS controls the traffic produced by different users in the network. Hence, the data which is labled as “important” can be routed in a more secure path with less congestion to make sure that the data is delivered flexibly and securely. Multiple experiments are presented with different variations using one or more of the DiffServ-aware MPLS TE, Low Latency Queuing (LLQ), Russian Dolls Model (RDM) and Maximum Allocation Model (MAM) on data, which may be image data. The best results for both IPv4 and IPv6 were obtained using DiffServ-aware TE in RDM model in conjunction with LLQ.

A DIFFSERV-AWAREFORM OF MULTI-PROTOCOL LABEL SWITCHING TRAFFIC ENGINEERING OVER VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORKS

High bandwidth Internet connections and applications demands aregrowing so rapidly because of the Internet arising usages either onbusiness or entertainment. Adding new links to cover the extrademand is the simplest solution but it always comes with financialissues due to the extra cost it adds. That’s why researchers andleading companies should search for smarter alternatives. InternetService Providers (ISPs) should improve their networks inperspective of the utilization of the bandwidth and the managementof their resources. Two techniques have been introduced separatelyto support in addressing the bandwidth utilization problems in theISPs networks, the Multi-Protocol Label Switching – TrafficEngineering (MPLS-TE) and the DiffServ Quality of Service (QoS).Inthis paper, the two techniques are used together to get the highestperformance, the best resources management and an efficientbandwidth utilization. Multiple experiments have been held indifferent variations using one or more of the Diffserv-aware MPLSTE, Low Latency Queuing (LLQ), Russian Dolls Model (RDM) andMaximum Allocation Model (MAM) model. The best results for bothIPv4 and IPv6 were obtained using Diffserv-aware TE in RDM modelin conjunction with LLQ.

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF VIDEO ON DEMAND AND VIDEO STREAMING ON THE NETWORK MPLS TRAFFIC ENGINEERING

Video on Demand (VoD) and video streaming is a type of service used on multimedia networksthrough the internet (www) to make things easier users access the broadcast that is life. This requires a reliablenetwork for the video to be displayed get maximum results, where this research implemented using MPLS-TE(Multi-Protocol Label Switching-Traffic Engineering). The key feature of MPLS is its TE, which plays a vitalrole in minimizing the congestion by efficient load balancing and management of the network resources. Dueto lower network delay, efficient forwarding mechanism, enhancing the speed of packet transfer, scalabilityand predictable performance of the services provided by MPLS technology makes it more suitable forimplementing real-time applications such as VoIP and video streaming. This paper evaluated the performancemeasures such as transfer time, delay, throughput using OSPF as routing protocol and tunneling to determinethe inside path the process of different types of traffic (video on demand, video streaming) in their movementin a network MPLS-TE. Test results from Quality of Service (QoS) analysis taken minimum delay value in thereference journal MPLS-VPN which reached 9.0 while the maximum value in MPLS-TE obtained on theanalysis that is with the value 0.015.

Novel SDN architecture for smart MPLS Traffic Engineering-DiffServ Aware management

Large scale networks are still a major challenge for management, guarantee a good level of Quality of Service (QoS) and especially optimization (rational use of network resources). Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS), mainly used in the backbone of Internet service providers, must meet these three major challenges. Software-Defined Network (SDN), is a paradigm that allows, through the principle of orchestration and layers abstraction, to manage large scale networks through specific protocols. This paper presents a new SDN-based architecture for managing an MPLS Traffic Engineering Diffserv Aware (DS-TE) network. The architecture manages the QoS and routing with QoS constraints, following a new smart and dynamic model of allocation of the bandwidth (Smart Alloc). The proposed architecture is suitable for SDN equipment and especially the legacy equipment. We tested our architecture by simulation on a hybrid network made up of SDN equipment and another legacy. The results of the simulation showed that thanks to our architecture we can not only efficiently manage hybrid architectures but also achieve good QoS levels for convergent traffic. The performance evaluation was performed on VoIP, video, HTTP, and ICMP traffic increasing packet load.

Performance evaluation of a novel redundancy method for videoconferencing traffic in MPLS networks

Performance evaluation of computer networks using mathematical modelling is widely used in assessing the advantages and drawbacks of any new mechanism before its deployment. In this contribution, we introduce a new mechanism that aims at rerouting multi-point to multi-point (MP2MP) traffic such as videoconferencing in multi-protocol label switching-traffic engineering (MPLS-TE) networks. Then we develop a stochastic model in order to evaluate the amelioration incurred by our proposal compared to the existing approaches. In particular, we assess two criterions: the scalability and bandwidth efficiency. Our results show that our proposed method leads to better scalability while reducing the ratio of bandwidth wastage such as traffic duplication observed in the existing mechanisms. Our proposed rerouting mechanism contains two parts. First, we define the concept of MP2MP TE tunnel in MPLS as opposed to the existing MP2MP connectionless tunnel (i.e., without support of TE features such as bandwidth reservation and fast reroute in case of link and/or node failure). Second, we explain how to build a MP2MP TE bypass tunnel that is how to encapsulate a primary MP2MP TE tunnel into a backup MP2MP TE tunnel in order to provide the fast redundancy feature.

A New Fast Backup Method for Bidirectional Multicast Traffic in MPLS Networks: Control Plane Procedures and Evaluation by Simulations

Bidirectional multicast mechanisms are used to support multi-point to multi-point (MP2MP) traffic such as video-conferencing. These mechanisms are deployed today in multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) networks using the connectionless mode in which traffic engineering (TE) features such as bandwidth reservation and fast reroute in case of link and/or node failure are not defined. Indeed, TE procedures are defined in MPLS for unicast and multicast point-to-multipoint (P2MP) traffic only. Hence, MP2MP traffic that requires TE procedures is carried out using a full mesh of P2P or P2MP paths. Similarly, a full mesh of P2P and P2MP backup paths should be predefined in order to fast reroute traffic in case of a node failure. This leads to a major scalability problem since MPLS TE paths incur heavy overhead burden on MPLS nodes (CPU and memory). In this paper, we emphasize on fast reroute procedures using MP2MP TE paths. In particular, we define the control plane procedures that should be established. In addition, we present a simulation study that demonstrates the scalability amelioration when using MP2MP TE paths for fast rerouting instead of full mesh P2P and/or P2MP paths.

A scalable mechanism for establishing multi-point to multi-point traffic engineering paths in multiprotocol label switching networks

Network scalability is a major issue in core networks where multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) is largely deployed. In this paper, we propose a scalable solution for deploying bidirectional multicast trees in MPLS traffic engineering (TE) networks. The deployment of such trees is performed by defining the concept of multi-point to multi-point (MP2MP) TE label switched paths (LSP). Hence, one MP2MP TE LSP can be used instead of a full mesh of point to point (P2P) or point to multi-point (P2MP) TE-LSP in order to support value added applications such as video-conferencing. This leads to reduce the number of TE-LSPs in MPLS-TE networks and hence it improves their scalability. The paper presents the signalling procedures required to incorporate the new proposed MP2MP TE LSP in MPLS networks in addition to a simulation study in order to assess the scalability enhancement introduced by our contribution.

Links Utilization in MPLS Networks Operating with Traffic Engineering Signal Protocols

Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a technology that ensures efficient transmission with high speed and lower delays. Traffic Engineering (TE) signal protocols are usually used for active management of the MPLS networks for efficient utilization of resources. This paper presents performance investigation of MPLS TE signal protocols to get a guideline to utilize transmission links efficiently. Comparison is made between two TE signal protocols, namely Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) and Constraint-based Routing Label Distribution Protocol (CR-LDP). Simulation results are presented for three MPLS networks having different topologies which are implemented in OPNET (version 14.5) environment to support different applications in the absence and presence of quality of service (QoS) algorithms. The results reveal that MPLS network with CR-LDP TE signal protocol has better performance in the term of link utilization. The RSVP reserves certain paths for transmission while the CR-LDP utilizes almost all of the available links.

Performance Evaluation of IPv4 and IPv6 over MPLS using OPNET

Over the last two decades, we have witnessed a rapid deployment of real-time applications on the Internet and many research works focus on Quality of Service (QoS), in particular using IPv4 (Internet Protocol Version 4). The inevitable exhaustion of the remaining IPv4 address pool has become progressively evident and as a result the evolution of Internet Protocol (IP) continues leading to the deployment of IPv6 QoS. Today, there is limited experience in the deployment of QoS for IPv6 traffic in MPLS backbone networks in conjunction with DiffServ (Differentiated Services) support. DiffServ itself does not have the ability to control the traffic flow whereas MPLS Traffic Engineering (TE) can control the traffic and can set up end-to-end routing path before data can be forwarded. Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) plays a key role in next generation networks by delivering QoS and traffic engineering features which is helpful in managing traffic when some links or paths are under and/or over utilized This paper presents a QoS performance study of some applications such as voice, video conferencing, mail and web over DiffServ with MPLS in IPv4/IPv6 networks using Optimized Network Engineering Tool (OPNET). The effectiveness of DiffServ and MPLS integration in IPv4/IPv6 network is illustrated and analyzed.

Migrate to IPv6 on 6PE with MPLS-TE: Questions on Feasibility and Reluctance in Deployment?

Due to the exhaustion of IPv4 addresses, the transition to IPv6 has already begun using various transition mechanisms. In this paper comparison between two transition mechanism 6PE and 6to4 tunneling over MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) based network has been performed. The experimental platform used is based on GNS3/Dynagen using emulated routers on which multiple TCP and UDP flows were generated between separated IPv6 network traversing through IPv4 based core. Traffic were generated using both transition mechanism and are compared to native IPv4 based MPLS network. Performance metric used are end-to-end delay, jitter and throughput, these parameters are also analyzed statistically using ANOVA, F-Test and T-Test to support a conclusion. Further, MPLS Traffic-Engineering (TE) using RSVP-TE signalling is applied, describing the implementation and performance test and analysis of TE tunnels on 6PE for IPv6 traffic. The same test-bed is used to implement and observe MPLS-TE behavior and throughput of 6PE based MPLS-TE to that of native IPv4 based MPLS-TE. Concluding, throughput of 6PE and 6to4 is around 99% and 96%, respectively, as compared to that of native IPv4.

Label switched protocol routing with guaranteed bandwidth and end to end path delay in MPLS networks

Rapid growth of multimedia applications has caused a tremendous impact on how people communicate. Next generation networks (NGN) have been proposed to support newly emerged multimedia IP based applications such as voice over IP (VOIP), video on-demand (VOD), and IPTV using a core IP backbone. The development of technologies like Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) has laid the foundation for NGN to support multimedia applications like Voice over IP. One of the important concepts in MPLS Traffic Engineering (TE) is Label Switched Path (LSP) routing. The objective of the routing algorithm is to increase the number of accepted request while satisfying Quality of Service (QoS) constraints. Although much work has been done on laying MPLS paths to optimize performance, most of them have focused on satisfying bandwidth requirements. Relatively little research has been done on laying paths with both bandwidth and delay constraints. In this paper, we present a new bandwidth and end to end delay (bandwidth-delay) constrained routing algorithm which uses data of the ingress–egress node pairs in the network. In this algorithm we use LR-Servers theory to compute path delay. We name the proposed algorithm as Minimum Delay and Maximum Flow (MDMF). We do extensive simulations to evaluate the performance of MDMF algorithm. In addition, we compare the performance of MDMF against some previous related works such as MHA, WSP, MIRA, BCRA, MIRAD, BGDG, BGLC, and SAMCRA. The simulation results show that MDMF rivals them in terms of flow management and outperform them in terms of end to end delay management, maximum flow and number of accepted request (call blocking ratio).

Improvement of Quality of Service (QoS) over a Wide Area Network (WAN) using Multiprotocol Label Switching Traffic Engineering (MPLS-TE)

refers to the amount of data that can be transmitted in a specific time over a wireless or wired medium. It is an important factor that is used to analyze network performance, design new networks, and understand the internet. Multi- protocol label switching (MPLS) originated from tag switching and enables the consolidation of applications onto a single network whilst providing the mechanism to prioritize the latency of individual applications within application classes. It is a more efficient way to transfer data between wide area networks and thus helps to reduce cost and increase bandwidth, throughput and reliability. In this paper we demonstrated by simulation experiment that MPLS-TE can help decongest routing path thereby ensuring improved network performance by reducing the traffic on a network segment, and increasing network throughput and reliability. KeywordsLatency, Local Area Network, MPLS/TE, Throughput

Evaluation of Scalability and Bandwidth Efficiency of Multipoint to Multipoint Hierarchy for Fast Recovery in MPLS Networks

Multi-Point to Multi-Point Traffic Engineering (MP2MP-TE) leads to an important scalability in Multi Protocol Label Switching-Traffic Engineering (MPLS-TE) networks. This paper emphasizes on the support of Fast-reroute (FRR) in MPLS-TE networks by using MP2MP bypass TE-tunnels. Hence, one MP2MP bypass TE-tunnel can be used to protect several primary TE-tunnels. During failure, the primary TE-tunnel is encapsulated into the MP2MP bypass TE-tunnel which calls for defining a new type of MPLS hierarchy, i.e. the multipoint to multipoint hierarchy. In this paper we present a simulation study that evaluates several fast rerouting scenarios depending on the number of leaves of a MP2MP bypass TE-tunnel and on the number of primary TE-tunnels that can be encapsulated into one MP2MP bypass TE-tunnel. In particular, the scalability/bandwidth efficiency tradeoff between these schemes is analyzed and valuable comparisons with the existing approaches are presented.

Multi-constrained path computation for inter-domain QoS-capable services

Computing inter-domain multiprotocol label switching traffic engineering label switched path MPLS-TE LSP through a pre-determined sequence of domains is quite straight as each path computation element PCE, using the backward recursive PCE-based computation BRPC, knows who is the next to be contacted in order to continue the computation. The optimality of the inter-domain MPLS-TE LSP path depends strongly on the choice of the pre-determined sequence of domains on which the calculation works. In this paper, we propose a novel procedure allowing a forward discovery of multiple inter-domain sequences and the computation of constrained inter-domain paths for MPLS-TE LSPs over these domains sequences. Other issues around the inter-domain path computation, such as route discovery and inter-domain loop avoidance, are investigated. Experimental evaluation shows that our solution is effective in terms of protocol and algorithmic efficiency and provides satisfiable performance with high success rate, reasonable message overhead and runtime.