Multi-party Relationships Research Articles

대학 입시 공정성에 관한 해외 고등교육 관련 법과 사례에 관한 분석

Korea is a country recognized globally for its enthusiasm for education, and Korea's education craze is thanks to the parents, students, government, and private education system playing their roles. However, fairness in admissions, which should be a prerequisite for the above multi-party relationship, is difficult and ambiguous in its concept and application. Accordingly, this study aims to introduce cases that became an issue in the United States and Japan and consider the problems. In particular, we would like to look at the specific contents of 『Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities Through the Federal Government』.
 The main objectives of this study are as follows. First, because qualitative evaluation is less objective than quantitative evaluation, the possibility of various value judgments being involved is relatively higher than quantitative evaluation. Korea's college entrance exam cannot help but worry about the issues of fairness/inequality/discrimination, and the need for a nationwide inspection of the fair system has emerged following the Jeong Yu-ra/Sookmyung Women's High School twins/Cho Kuk incident. Accordingly, the thesis would like to introduce the purpose/ specific provisions/implementation system of the American education system that enacted and implemented the Higher Education Act. Second, the thesis would like to find, introduce, and analyze cases related to college entrance exams in the United States and also introduce incidents that became an issue in Japan. This will be an opportunity to look at the problems and status of the overall social structural system, beyond simply the application of each country's laws and policies. Third, the thesis aims to introduce and analyze laws and policies/cases to understand the current situation and suggest future directions for education.

Multiparty relationships in platform work: Cross-European case law developments and points of departure for (supranational) regulation

Multiparty constellations are on the rise in the labour market, and they can make the classification of contractual relationships exceedingly difficult. Recent case law on platform work provides an insight into the various problems resulting from this development. The article provides an overview of cases in which courts and/or administrative bodies across Europe were called upon to rule on platform workers’ rights in cases that involved relevant multi-party constellations. It establishes a typology of the different actors that have figured as defendants in cases on platform workers’ rights and explores the consequences for both procedural and material aspects. On the basis of these insights from case law, as well as a brief review of the European Parliament's suggestion of regulating subcontractor liability in the proposed directive on platform work, a number of regulatory implications are identified.

Factors Contributing to Cervical Cancer Among Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cervical cancer is among the top 10 most common cancers worldwide, and it is the third most common malignancy among women in Pakistan, with a reported incidence rate of 5.98%. Unprotected and early sex, low socioeconomic status, early menstrual cycles, multiparty relationships, HPV infection, co-infections, hormonally changed immune system, smoking, and low education level, among others are all risk factors associated with cervical cancer. Objective: The targeted objective of this review and meta-analysis was to identify how comprehension and attitude may impact on how frequently women utilize services for cervical cancer screening. Methods: The review of the literature was done using a variety of resources, including Google Scholar, PubMed, MEDLINE, and other databases. The keywords "incidence of cervical cancer in Pakistan," "prevalence of cervical cancer," and "risk factors of cervical cancer in Pakistan" were used. Results: From this literature review, following factors has been identified that are affecting cervical cancer development. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI), multiple sexual partners, marrying before age 18 years, multiple childbirths, Oral Contraceptive Pills (OCPs), smoking, obesity, nutritional and dietary factors, and low socioeconomic status. Conclusions: The burden of cervical carcinoma has increased as a result of the rising prevalence of the condition. Although Pakistan has a lower prevalence of cervix carcinoma than other western nations. Mortality rates are high as a result of inadequate awareness, poor follow-up, and late presentation of cervical malignancies.

Relational constellations in disasters: Theorizing multiparty relationships through ethnographic research

ABSTRACT Relationships are essential for a fully functioning society. Through a multi-sited rapid ethnography, we show how the U.S. National Weather Service achieves its mission through a relational constellation of organizational partners (i.e., emergency managers and broadcast media) and active publics in the context of disasters. The findings provide insights into relational tensions that occur in organization-public relationships (OPRs) and how communication can address those relational tensions. In doing so, we answer calls for broadening the methodologies to examine OPRs and to examine multiparty, rather than just dyadic, OPRs.

Legal Recognition of Plural Unions: Is A Nonmarital Relationship Status the Answer to the Dilemma?

Intimate relationships involving three or more adults are increasingly visible in American society. Multiparty relationships, which are also known as plural unions, mainly take two different forms: systemic polygyny and polyamory. Family law currently denies recognition to all plural unions. Granting legal recognition to multiparty relationships would advance the goal of family pluralism and expand access to valuable legal protections. However, the possibility of granting official recognition to plural unions must be approached with caution, because systemic polygyny poses a serious risk of harm to women and children arising from the imposition of oppressive gender roles. A possible solution to this dilemma lies in offering a formal nonmarital status (such as civil union, domestic partnership, reciprocal beneficiary, or designated beneficiary) to participants in plural unions. As a result of their differing attitudes toward marriage, polyamorists would be likely to embrace a nonmarital relationship status, while participants in systemic polygyny would most likely reject it. Thus, providing a nonmarital status for plural unions could allow polyamorists to obtain the benefits of relationship recognition, without placing the government's seal of approval on the oppressive aspects of systemic polygyny.

Examining six modes of relationships in a social-mediated crisis in China: an exploratory study of contingent organization–public relationships (COPR)

ABSTRACTThe relationship management theory and contingency theory of conflict management, as two dominant approaches in the field of public relations, bolstered by a tapestry of literature from cross-disciplinary fields, were brought together to conceptualize the concept of contingent organization–public relationships (COPR). To generate the theoretical robustness of COPR and test its practical applicability, we selected a social-mediated crisis occurring in China and collected data through mixed-methods, including both content analysis and in-depth interviews. Quantitatively, content analysis of 338 Red Cross’s press releases and 4003 media coverage and 136,754 public posts during a 3-year time range provided a natural history of the application of COPR in crises. Qualitative interviews also offered in-depth information on the perceptions of stances and relationships from each party in this incident. Findings concluded that COPR addressed the dynamic and contingent multi-party relationships in contemporary China.

Looking back, moving forward: A review and reflection of the organization-public relationship (OPR) research

Organization-Public Relationship (OPR), as a key concept addressed in the field of public relations has attracted wide attention in the past three decades. This study presents a comprehensive review of 156 relevant studies from 1998 to 2016 and categorizes them into five main clusters, which include the outcomes, antecedents, mediation, process, and structure of OPR. Findings also identify five gaps in current OPR research such as idealized propositions based on mutual benefits, a lack of research on multi-party relationships, problematic “trust” as the measurement, unilateral self-reported research data, and dominated cross-sectional methods By drawing contingency theory of accommodation and the relationship management theory, this study proposes the concept of contingent organization-public relationship (COPR) for future studies that seek to explore variations of OPR longitudinally.

The Future of Digital Services Delivery

Australia has set a strong ambition to capture opportunities presented by the emerging digital economy. While much discussion has focussed on the significant investment being made in broadband infrastructure, it is important to recognise that a range of other factors will also impact Australia’s ability to realise this vision of a dynamic digital market. Not least will be the requirement for the highest levels of satisfaction across a complex service delivery environment encompassing retail and business consumers, today’s retail and wholesale service providers, early phase digital content providers as well as the full range of future digital application services providers.This challenge transcends access network architecture and technology considerations, while highlighting the complex array of technology, process and systems components required to deliver digital services in the global marketplace. Successfully addressing this challenge is fundamental to ensuring Australia develops an effective service delivery ecosystem to underpin its digital future.This paper makes the case for industry to turn its attention to the operational market structure and processes that will support this future environment, together with the key multi-party relationships and interdependencies that will underpin the required high levels of user experience and Australia’s ultimate success.

The Future of Digital Services Delivery

Australia has set a strong ambition to capture opportunities presented by the emerging digital economy. While much discussion has focussed on the significant investment being made in broadband infrastructure, it is important to recognise that a range of other factors will also impact Australia’s ability to realise this vision of a dynamic digital market. Not least will be the requirement for the highest levels of satisfaction across a complex service delivery environment encompassing retail and business consumers, today’s retail and wholesale service providers, early phase digital content providers as well as the full range of future digital application services providers.This challenge transcends access network architecture and technology considerations, while highlighting the complex array of technology, process and systems components required to deliver digital services in the global marketplace. Successfully addressing this challenge is fundamental to ensuring Australia develops an effective service delivery ecosystem to underpin its digital future.This paper makes the case for industry to turn its attention to the operational market structure and processes that will support this future environment, together with the key multi-party relationships and interdependencies that will underpin the required high levels of user experience and Australia’s ultimate success.

Transitioning From Dynamic Decision Support to Context-Aware Multi-Party Coordination: A Case for Emergency Response

In this paper, a general framework of context-aware multi-party coordination systems is proposed which extends the concept of dynamic decision making and functionality of dynamic decision making support systems in response to large-scale complex events. Using disaster responses as illustrative examples, event responders and decision makers face dynamic and complex problems with environmental, organizational, and activity-based issues. These issues are addressed by incorporating context-awareness, multi-party relationship management, and task-based coordination components into a framework for context-aware multi-party coordination systems.

Implications for Including Shared Strategic Control in Multi-party Relationship Models

Contextual uncertainty and firm heterogeneity produce the potential for benefits from multi-party relationships, as well as the potential for inefficiencies in such relationships. We introduce the issue of shared control as a factor in the proper modeling of many multi-party relationships, such as that between a venture capitalist and entrepreneur. We find that adding this degree of freedom to the standard multi-party models (such as the principal-agent model) generates direct and indirect effects on the results. Under the most common circumstances, we predict that more potential for inefficiencies (e.g., pooling) will occur when parties share strategic control.

A European View on Enrichment by Performance

In this contribution the European legal systems on enrichment by performance are compared. The basis for this comparison is Johnston and Zimmerman (eds.), Unjustified Enrichment, Key Issues in Comparative Perspective. Several issues of enrichment by performance are discussed. First the question when an enrichment by performance occurs is considered. Two main cases can be discerned: the intended discharge of an obligation which does not exist and void contracts or rescission. Subsequently the requirement of mistake is discussed. In most cases this requirement seems not to be of great importance, except in the case of the discharge of another's debt. When an enrichment by performance has occurred, the defendant sometimes has a defence which can entail that only the enrichment surviving has to be compensated for. The valuation of the enrichment is taken into account also. Resolving multi-party relationships is difficult. This is especially true in enrichment cases, but a starting point for resolving these relationships is sought.