Small molecule hole transport materials (SM-HTMs) play an important role in the development of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to the simple structure and excellent photoelectric performance. Herein, we established interpretable models for designing materials with high hole mobility (μ) and absolute hardness (η). The μ and η models were constructed by Gradient Boosting Regression (GBR) due to the better performances. The coefficient of determination (R2) for leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV) and the test set are 0.86 and 0.86 in μ model, 0.84 and 0.89 in η model, respectively. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis reveals that higher μ are more likely to be obtained with fewer C–O and N-O pairs at topological distance 9, and molecules with high degree of cyclization and less polar fragments might have higher η. New groups were designed based on the strategies and used to generate 785 virtual samples. Finally, 35 promising candidates (μ > 10−1.54 cm2 V−1 s−1 and η > 2.71 eV) with high synthesizability were screened out using high-throughput screening and pattern recognition. Our work provides an effective way to accelerate the design of prominent SM-HTMs.