Multilayer Concept Research Articles

The constitutive function of intentionality in Husserl’s phenomenology

The article is addressing one of the central but maybe the most ambiguous and multilayered concepts of Husserl’s phenomenology. Husserl’s insisting on a form of intentionality that implies not just conscious directedness towards objects, but also a constitutive function of mental acts, led to some serious accusations of his (not only transcendental) idealism and solipsism. Justification of such accusations depends exclusively on whether we understand constitution in an ontological sense, as a creative process which brings worldly entities into being, or in an epistemological sense, as a process which enables us to identify and to interpret a particular givenness as something. In early stages of phenomenology, a so-called “hylomorphic” theory of constitution prevailed, which stated that object of our experience can be present for us only if some sense-data (hyle) is formed in our intentional acts by a meaning-giving component (which Husserl called morphe in his Ideas I). This theory proved to be unsatisfying when Husserl turned to a phenomenological description of temporal objects, discovering that not just objects, but also intentional acts have a distinct temporal structure. However, the analysis of temporal constitution reaches even further, because the idea of the “living present”, and its triadic structure of retention-primal impression-protention, holds the key to an explanation of horizon-intentionality, and offers the answer to an essential transcendental question: How is it possible for us to be aware of the world towards which all of our intentional life is directed, and from which all of the motivation for our actions originates?

Effects of composition and temperature on water sorption in overmature Wufeng-Longmaxi shales

Water sorption provides a great approach to understand water-shale interaction. In this research, water sorption isotherms of fourteen Wufeng-Longmaxi shale samples collected from the eastern Sichuan Basin of China were generated and then interpreted by classical sorption models. The sorption behavior of water and its relationship with pore structure, organic/inorganic composition, and temperature (278–333 K) were explored using organic geochemistry, mineralogy, and gas physical sorption. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller theory functions well for these isotherms but generates ambiguous model parameters, suggesting that multilayer sorption concept is not suitable for water sorption. Dent model distinguishes between primary and secondary sorption, and the resulting specific surface area (ADent(H2O)) is not comparable to the nitrogen-determined specific surface area (ABET(N2)). However, ADent(H2O)/ABET(N2) linearly decreases with increasing ABET(N2), and water saturation is negatively correlated with total pore volume. These observations collectively support the surface-chemistry-controlled clustering mechanism for water sorption. Clay minerals dominate water sorption at low relative pressure because they provide more hydrophilic sorption sites for water cluster formation and growth. Nevertheless, organic matter becomes increasingly important with increasing relative pressure, primarily because a specific-sized organic pore has higher filling pressure than the same-sized clay pore resulting in more pronounced condensation in organic pores at high relative pressure. The water desorption branch shifts to higher relative pressure with increasing temperature and thus, the hysteresis loop shrinks, indicating a mechanism of capillary evaporation similar to wetting fluid nitrogen. The water adsorption branch is insensitive to temperature change, reflecting a temperature-independent clustering mechanism between 278 K and 333 K. The enthalpy of adsorption of collected shale samples is smaller than that of lower-maturity shales but close to that of condensation of bulk water. Based on this finding, we argue that higher-maturity shales have weaker interaction with water, which gives rise to lower temperature sensitivity of water sorption. Therefore, in the future, detailed investigations should revolve around water sorption behavior and its response to temperature in shales with different thermal maturities.

How We Understand Aeromobility

Abstract Ever since the term “aeromobility” was first used in the early 2000s as a parallel to automobility, it has developed into a multilayered concept and even an individual field of research. Yet, the meanings ascribed to the terms “aeromobility,” “aeromobilities,” or “aeromobile” vary significantly depending on the scale, context, and approach of particular studies and their authors. Using elements of discourse analysis, the article explores these meanings across a wide range of academic publications and identifies four main discourses of aeromobility in mobility studies. These are the mobility-system, the norm, the embodied practice, and the lifestyle discourse. While synthesizing the different discourses, their contributions, biases and possible future routings, the article intends to inspire more abstract thinking about aeromobility and offers several suggestions to open it up as a concept with socio-cultural implications.

Effectiveness of Atm and Bank Security: Three Factor Authentications With Systemetic Review

Security is one of the key aspects in despite of time, location and domain. Providing a better security is an essential obligation to all sectors (state and private) and workers. Rendering better security is not only difficult but also fairly impossible due to growth of new technologies and constantly growing Information Technology domain. Rapid Improvement of banking sector provides many acceptable ways of managing the accounts, information and activities. This advancement has been a main driving force to the account activities with the help of Automatic Teller Machine (ATM). With the increase number of ATM usage among the public, hackers also use the technological growth to hack the data / information and apply the fraud actions. The said vulnerabilities have been increasing in a gradual manner and also ATM fraud has spread and become nightmare all around the world. This paper elaborates to mitigate the possible frauds can be happened at the ATM cubical with the hybrid multi-layered security concept. Here, previous studies were reviewed and compared in order to support to develop a system with the less loopholes. A three-layered architecture including PIN, OTP or finger print and pattern lock has been used in this system to mitigate the frauds. 400 students were selected to test the system and 384 students roughly 96% of students have successfully entered their pin number at the first attempt, in the second layer 95% of the students out of 384 students were succeeded and the third layer 99% of the students out of 363 students were success in drawing the patterns. The overall result of this evaluation process shows that, the suggested security tiers can be applicable since the accuracy in performance is better and accepted by the sample selected.

Правовой нигилизм: проблемы понимания

The article analyzes the reasons why researchers fail to Express the essence of legal nihilism clearly and accurately. The article deals with such problems of interpretation of legal nihilism as filling the gaps in scientific knowledge about it with myths, rejecting conceptual analysis in favor of conceptual analysis, ignoring the multilayered concept of «legal nihilism» and its cultural conditionality, and verbalization of this concept by means of the philosophical and legal language, rather than the language of legal science. While emphasizing that these problems can be eliminated, the author emphasizes that along with them there is a fundamentally unsolvable problem: legal nihilism is an idea that is difficult to relate to empirically known reality, and this calls into question the very possibility of considering the formation of an understanding of legal nihilism as a scientific, rather than a philosophical problem.

Multilayered Network Model for Mobile Network Infrastructure Disruption.

In this paper, the novel study of the multilayered network model for the disrupted infrastructure of the 5G mobile network is introduced. The aim of this study is to present the new way of incorporating different types of networks, such as Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANET), and DRONET Networks into one fully functional multilayered network. The proposed multilayered network model also presents the resilient way to deal with infrastructure disruption due to different reasons, such as disaster scenarios or malicious actions. In the near future, new network technologies of 5G networks and the phenomenon known as the Internet of Things (IoT) will empower the functionality of different types of networks and interconnects them into one complex network. The proposed concept is oriented on resilient, smart city applications such as public safety and health and it is able to provide critical communication when fixed network infrastructure is destroyed by deploying smart sensors and unmanned aerial vehicles. The provided simulations shows that the proposed multilayered network concept is able to perform better than traditional WSN network in term of delivery time, average number of hops and data rate speed, when disruption scenario occurs.

A Primer on Machine Learning.

A Primer on Machine Learning.

MI-LFGOA: multi-island levy-flight based grasshopper optimization for spatial image steganalysis

A few rich models of steganalysis have been developed that produce high dimensional feature sets for good detection accuracy with high computational cost and time. This paper inspires by the multi-layered concept with a metaheuristic method for reducing the dimensions of feature set and computational cost with maintained detection accuracy. We use Grasshopper Optimization algorithm (GOA) as a baseline for feature reduction, due to its advantage of giving good global optima. While for improving random walk of grasshoppers for balancing local and global solution search in parallel, we use Levy-Flight to modify the GOA which is named as Levy-Flight Grasshopper Optimization algorithm (LFGOA). To reduce the general redundant features without affecting detection accuracy, we preprocess the original feature set with PCA followed by LFGOA for further reduction in dimensions of resultant feature set with improved detection accuracy. This same proposed model is executed at different levels (Multi-Islands) with a different set of the population to get better results than single level LFGOA. The proposed framework is named as Multi-Island Levy Flight Grasshopper Optimization (MI-LFGOA). On the ground of BOSS base 1.01 image database which consists of 10,000 grayscale images, we investigate the proposed steganalysis method for two rich model’s feature sets (34671-D SRM and 686-D SPAM) with different classifiers. The experimental results show that MI-LFGOA is a promising method which achieves 92% to 96% reduction in features dimension while the detection accuracy of the steganalysis is maintained in comparison to other feature selection methods for steganalysis.

Implications of four-dimensional weather cubes for improved cloud-free line-of-sight assessments of free-space optical communications link performance

We advance the benefits of previously reported four-dimensional (4-D) weather cubes toward the creation of high-fidelity cloud-free line-of-sight (CFLOS) beam propagation for realistic assessment of autotracked/dynamically routed free-space optical (FSO) communication datalink concepts. The weather cubes accrue parameterization of optical effects and custom atmospheric resolution through implementation of numerical weather prediction data in the Laser Environmental Effects Definition and Reference atmospheric characterization and radiative transfer code. 4-D weather cube analyses have recently been expanded to accurately assess system performance (probabilistic climatologies and performance forecasts) at any wavelength/frequency or spectral band in the absence of field tests and employment data. The 4-D weather cubes initialize an engineering propagation code, which provides the basis for comparative percentile performance binning of FSO communication bit error rates (BERs) as a function of wide-ranging azimuth/elevation, earth-to-space uplinks. The aggregated, comparative BER binning analyzes for different regions, times of day, and seasons applying a full year of 4-D weather cubes data provided numerous occasions of clouds, fogs, and precipitation events. The analysis demonstrated the utility of 4-D weather cubes for adroit management of CFLOS opportunities to enhance performance analyses of point-to-point as well as evolving multilayer wireless network concepts.

English

In the context of the crises aggravation Ukraine has been facing in recent months, we have to talk about an objective question regarding the need to formulate a new substance of the na tional idea, which would become the spiritual basis of state formation, as well as a factor of consolidation of Ukrainian society with the subsequent development of an appropriate level of national consciousness and the identity of the citizens of the country. However, the question of the basis on which the concept of the Ukrainian national idea should be formed is still controversial both in society and the expert community. The purpose of the article is to form on the foundation of the democratic solidarism ideology such a concept that would include the determination of, in particular, basic national interests and public policy measures, the implementation of which, in turn, would contribute to the formation of the economic fundamentals of a new type of society, and namely — the state of solidary owners. It’s proved that in terms of its substance, the national idea is a multidimensional and multilayer concept that forms a certain ideal as a guideline for the development of the nation and synthesizes fundamental values and interests which contribute to the harmonization of all social groups of the country’s population. It’s emphasized that, being a spiritual category, the national idea includes, in particular, economic and political components, which should be reflected in program documents, state programs, strategies and practical activities of political parties, public organizations, etc. It’s shown, that that it is the state, which owns the fullness of national sovereignty and acts as the main mechanism for translation the national idea that should be first to formulate such an ideology of organizing the economic system that would be based on a fundamentally new, namely, solidary form of ownership. Developing this conceptual idea, the authors propose, firstly, to introduce into the scientific circulation the formulation of a number of fundamentally new economic categories, and, secondly, to improve those that are already used in the scientific literature. It’s determined on the basis of which particular sources the funds of universal basic income and lifetime prosperity can be formed. Formulating conclusions and recommendations, the authors prove that a vital level of the effectiveness of the functioning of the national economy can arise only under the system of its state regulation, which will be based on the above new and improved categories.

Experimental investigation of a novel multi-channel flat plate liquid desiccant dehumidification system

ABSTRACT The continuously growing energy demands for space air conditioning and depletion of conventional energy resources at a fast rate have propagated the need for producing a new and wide range of renewable and sustainable energy technologies. Liquid desiccant dehumidification technologies are the most optimistic approach due to their lower regeneration temperature required, a higher coefficient of performance, and the ability to be used during night hours. The factors responsible for the limited application of these systems are desiccant leakage, corrosion to the fabricating material, and carryover of desiccant droplets with the process air. To overcome these issues, a new multi-channel flat plate liquid desiccant air conditioning system has been developed and experimentally investigated. The performance of the system has been analyzed for the dehumidification and regeneration process. Calcium chloride has been used as a desiccant material with 40% and 35% by wt. concentration. Three sets of velocities of process air have been utilized, i.e., 0.9, 0.7, 0.5 m/s to investigate the system performance. Performance parameters, such as dehumidification rate, regeneration rate, dehumidification, and regeneration effectiveness, have been investigated in the present study. The liquid desiccant dehumidification system investigated in the present study includes a flat plate energy exchanger for heat and mass transfer between ambient moist air and liquid desiccant solution. This system conveys a large interfacial surface area between liquid desiccant solution and process air. Experimental results indicate that, in the dehumidification process, the ambient moist air has been dehumidified and cooled by 5.90 g kg−1 and 1.4°C, respectively, and dehumidification effectiveness of 0.239 has been achieved for the air velocity of 5 m/s at 40% concentration of the desiccant solution. Regeneration rate and effectiveness have been observed to be 0.014 g s−1 and 0.323, respectively, for the air velocity of 5 m/s at 35% concentration. The work presented in this study demonstrates the feasibility of the novel multi-layer flat plat liquid desiccant concept and provide growth and development to the liquid desiccant technologies for space air conditioning. Certain issues regarding the mass imbalance in the dehumidification and regeneration processes have been identified to be considered as future scope.

Psychological Principles of Learner’s Autonomy

The purpose of the article is to define the learner’s autonomy as a multilayered concept which is possible to see from numerous perspectives; to describe three main directions of learner’s autonomy; to explain the context of reactive and proactive autonomy; to propose the psychological principles of forming learners’ autonomy. Methods of the research. The following theoretical methods of the research were used to solve the tasks formulated in the article: the categorical method, the structural and functional methods, the methods of the analysis, systematization, modeling, generalization. The results of the research. In this article there were suggested the main aspects of learner’s autonomy which appeared to have been recognized and broadly accepted by the language teaching profession. They are: autonomy is a construct of capacity; autonomy involves a willingness on the part of the learners to take responsibility for their own learning; the capacity and willingness of learners to take such responsibility is not necessarily innate; complete autonomy is an idealistic goal; there are some degrees of autonomy; the degrees of autonomy are unstable and variable; autonomy is not simply a matter of placing learners into the situations where they have to be independent; developing autonomy requires conscious awareness of the learning process – e. g. conscious reflection and decision-making; promoting autonomy is not simply a matter of teaching strategies; autonomy can take place both inside and outside the classroom; autonomy has a social purpose as well as the individual actuality; the promotion of autonomy has a pedagogical as well as psychological impact; autonomy is interpreted differently by people of different cultures. The main problems being very important for learner’s autonomy are distinguished. The first great problem is control over learning management. The next problem which is very important for learner’s autonomy is control over language content. It was shown that reactive autonomy was the kind which did not create its own directions but, once a direction has been initiated, enabled learners to organize their resources autonomously in order to reach their goal. Proactive autonomy does not only determine objectives, selects methods and evaluates what has been learned, but also sets directions.A key to motivating students helps them to recognize and understand that they can take responsibility by their own learning: tie learning to students’ personal interests; let students to work together to meet learning goals; give students a voice in their own learning. Conclusions. So, we can propose some psychological principles of forming learners’ autonomy. 1. Set clear performance standards from the start. Students need to know exactly what is expected of them, how they will be graded, and what supports will be available to them if they need help learning the information or growing their own skills. When teachers formulate some main performance expectations, they have to consider the diverse backgrounds and experiences of each student. 2. Help students to develop a sense of ownership over the learning process. As a part of the process of offering students meaningful choices, teachers must be clear about how the choices relate to the learning objectives or standards. When students have the opportunity to be involved in making these choices, they take more responsibility for their own learning. 3. Provide feedback to students that will give them precise information about the particular skills they have acquired and/or need to improve in order to be successful in their class. 4. Encourage students to assess their own learning progress by using charts or keeping journals, so they can evaluate the progress they are making as they acquire relevant knowledge and skills.

Numerical analysis of coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical behavior in single- and multi-layer repository concepts for high-level radioactive waste disposal

A multi-layer repository concept is proposed as an alternative to the single-layer repository concept to improve the disposal density of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) in Korea. Numerical simulations are performed to compare the coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) behavior in the existing Korean reference HLW disposal system (KRS) based on the single-layer repository concept to that in the new multi-layer repository concept. The applicability of the multi-layer repository concept, such as double- and triple-layer repositories, for the disposal of HLW is analyzed with respect to a maximum temperature criterion of 100 °C, evolution of saturation and pore pressure, and mechanical stability. Maximum temperatures are below 100 °C in the double- and triple-layer repository concepts, as in the single-layer reference, although two peaks in simulated temperatures are observed during the evolution of the thermal pulse, resulting from superposition of decay heat at different vertical levels in the multi-layer repository concept. There is no significant difference in the evolution of pore pressure and saturation among the three concepts. The evolutions of mean effective stress at the bentonite blocks and backfill materials are also not significantly different between the single-, double-, and triple-layer repository concepts, because the hydraulic behavior is quite similar, resulting in almost the same change in swelling pressure. Stress states in the rock mass near the tunnels and deposition holes remain below the Mohr-Coulomb failure envelopes at the repositories of 500 m depth in the single-, double-, and triple-layer repository concept simulations. However, the stress states exceed the Mohr-Coulomb failure envelopes at the repositories below 500 m depth (beneath the top layer) in the double- and triple-layer repository concepts. Also, mechanical analysis shows high potential for spalling failure around the deposition holes and tunnel roof in the double- and triple-layer repository concepts. Subsidence in the double- and triple-layer concepts due to the construction of repositories is much deeper than that in the single-layer concept, and uplift induced by heating the rock mass due to the decay heat in the double- and triple-layer concepts is much higher than in the single-layer concept. These results indicate that multi-layer repositories with larger depth intervals between layers are a feasible alternative to the KRS to safely achieve higher disposal density.

A typology of Smart City services: The case of Data Protection Impact Assessment

The implementation of the General Data Protection Regulation within the European Union intensifies regulatory requirements in terms of data protection for Smart City services. In particular, the mandatory Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA) process constitutes a complex managerial challenge. To reduce the complexity, this study develops a typology of Flemish Smart City services based on DPIA costs.Our explorative case study, based on face-to-face interviews and a workshop, shows that DPIA costs vary along the complexities of i) the urban environment in which a Smart City service is provided, and ii) the Smart City service itself. The research further demonstrates that these complexities represent multilayered concepts. The complexity of the urban environment consists of three layers: i) city size, ii) diversity of urban stakeholders, and iii) total of Smart City services in the urban region. Similarly, the complexity of the Smart City service is composed of five layers: i) number of different data streams, ii) clarity of data ownership, iii) amount of use-cases, iv) privacy invasiveness, and v) visibility of the Smart City service. While most layers of the respective complexities unequivocally matter in the eyes of the experts, others are more contested, such as the size of the city and the visibility of the Smart City service.This cost-based framework is of value to city administrations and Smart City service providers as it allows them to make the DPIA process more efficient by shortening the learning curve and improving decision making by clustering services based on data protection needs. In particular, stakeholders that have little expertise in-house, and that are looking for an easy-to-understand, rational framework can benefit from these results. Furthermore, based on both the literature review and the obtained results, our systematic data protection impact-cost-approach is generalizable beyond the EU-borders.

Intelligent Image Synthesis for Accurate Retinal Diagnosis

Ophthalmology is a core medical field that is of interest to many. Retinal examination is a commonly performed diagnostic procedure that can be used to inspect the interior of the eye and screen for any pathological symptoms. Although various types of eye examinations exist, there are many cases where it is difficult to identify the retinal condition of the patient accurately because the test image resolution is very low because of the utilization of simple methods. In this paper, we propose an image synthetic approach that reconstructs the vessel image based on past retinal image data using the multilayer perceptron concept with artificial neural networks. The approach proposed in this study can convert vessel images to vessel-centered images with clearer identification, even for low-resolution retinal images. To verify the proposed approach, we determined whether high-resolution vessel images could be extracted from low-resolution images through a statistical analysis using high- and low-resolution images extracted from the same patient.

Lecturer conceptions of and approaches to decolonisation of curricula

This report forms part of a larger project that investigated lecturer and student conceptions of decolonisation and decolonisation of curricula at subject level in a South African higher education institution. The study adopted an interpretive paradigm and an on-line questionnaire was administered to all the lecturers in a Faculty of Education in the Western Cape. A de-colonial perspective was used as a lens to interpret the data. In general, participants viewed decolonisation as a worthwhile project that can contribute to the development of a socially-just post-colonial and post-apartheid society. Consistent with the fact that knowledge is created differently in different subjects, the findings revealed varied conceptions of and approaches to the decolonisation of curricula among academics. The study concludes that decolonisation is a complex and multi-layered concept. However. if there are shared understandings of what decolonisation of curricula entails in the different disciplines, and consultative, participatory multi-disciplinary/trans-disciplinary approaches to decolonisation are adopted, significant progress will be made in achieving the goal of decolonising university curricula.

The Economic Essence of the Environmental Approach in Urban Planning

The article studies the comprehensive multi-layer concept that is associated with the urban environment and whether it is convenient, comfortable, modern and efficient. Environmental approach that involves urban planning and development tools is particularly pertinent in view of the national project “Housing and Urban Environment” being adopted. The authors propose a conceptual model to employ the environmental approach in complex development of urban communities. The proposed model presents the groups within the environment with the corresponding elements, and it was suggested that every element affected the real estate capitalization in a community.

Resistance of multi-layered UHPFRC against in-service projectile: Experimental investigation and modelling prediction

The present paper studies the ballistic performance of Ultra-High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) applying multi-layered concept against the 7.62 mm projectile at 840 m/s. Coarse basalt aggregates are incorporated in the UHPFRC under the premise of reducing the cement powder consumption and taking advantages of their superior ballistic resistance. We found that the designed triple-layered UHPFRC 16a1s(40)-8a1s(10)-16a1s(40) achieves a superior impact resistance compared to the single-layered reference, with a 32% reduction of the penetration depth. The improved resistance of the triple-layered UHPFRC is associated with the multiple effects of the coarse aggregate, the layer interface, the fibers direction in the thin middle layer, and the edge confinement of the rear layer. Moreover, a new analytical model is proposed to predict the penetration depth in the multi-layered UHFRC, which can take the varying mechanical properties of the layered targets into consideration. The results from this study shed light on understanding the ballistic performance of layered UHPFRC, and promote its application in protective constructions.

Cyclic voltammetry behavior modeling of fabricated nanostructured Ni(OH)2 electrode using artificial neural network for supercapacitor application

In this article, we demonstrate the fabrication of binder-free nanostructured Ni(OH)2 electrode for supercapacitor by the chemical bath deposition method in addition to modeling of cyclic voltammetry using artificial neural network. The prepared material acted as binder-free electrode that facilitated increase in the capacitance value. The electrochemical study demonstrated the maximum specific capacitance of 958 F·g−1. Further, cyclic behavior of the prepared material was investigated by modeling via artificial neural network, which is based on the multilayer perception concept. It is observed that results obtained from artificial neural network analysis is analogous to the experimental value with an error rate of 0.14%.

Health-related quality of life in neonates and infants: a conceptual framework.

With reduced mortality of neonatal conditions, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has become an important clinical outcome. However, since the meaning of HRQOL in dependent, non-autonomous infants and neonates remains largely undefined, HRQOL measurement and economic evaluation are limited due to the lack of age-specific methodology. The objective was to construct a conceptual framework of neonatal and infant HRQOL (NIHRQOL) which identifies factors relevant to the neonate and infant, their relationship with each other and the caregiving environment. Using qualitative methods, a concept was developed based on in-depth analysis of verbatim records of two focus groups (6 caregivers, 6 healthcare providers) and five interviews with caregivers of chronically ill neonates/infants (n = 2), and healthcare professionals of a pediatric tertiary healthcare center (n = 3). Two analysts independently performed thematic analysis using an inductive and contextual approach. The majority of participants regarded NIHRQOL as an individual entity, which was closely related and strongly influenced by caregivers and family. It may be gauged by the perceived degree of effort required to achieve expected normalcy in everyday life for the neonate/infant and its family. The importance of individual HRQOL factors is developmental stage-dependent. Neonatal and infant HRQOL is a multidimensional, multilayered and interconnected concept, where the child's needs contribute most directly, and the caregiver's and society's ability to meet those needs characterize the interdependence between the child and its caregiving environment. Developmental stage-specific HRQOL instruments for premature and mature neonates, and infants are warranted to allow for valid HRQOL measurement.