Multi-index Comprehensive Evaluation Method Research Articles

Screening for Q-markers of Antiviral Granules based on neuraminidase inhibitors and Effect-constituent index

BackgroundAntiviral granules (AG) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine commonly employed for influenza treatment. However, there is an urgent need to improve its quality control standards. PurposeThe quality markers (Q-markers), guided by the Effect-constituent Index (ECI), were screened through in vitro and in vivo component identification, molecular docking, and neuraminidase (NA) inhibition experiments. MethodsThe chemical components in AG underwent analysis using UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS and GC–MS, and serum pharmacochemistry was employed to analyze the components absorbed into the bloodstream. Molecular docking was used to evaluate the affinity of the prototype components to NA, and the inhibitory activity of the candidate components was later confirmed through NA inhibitor experiments. Following this, a UHPLC-MS/MS method was developed to screen and quantify the Q-markers in 20 sample batches. Lastly, the ECI was formulated using a multi-index comprehensive evaluation method that combines composition, content, and activity. ResultsA total of 246 compounds were identified in AG, and 89 prototype components and 19 metabolic components were detected in the serum of the rats. Molecular docking revealed that the binding energy of 35 candidate active ingredients was better than that of the original ligand and the target protein. Among these candidate active ingredients, 12 candidate Q-markers demonstrated significant inhibitory effects in NA inhibition experiments, with IC50 values ranging from 0.954 to 3.408 mM. A UHPLC-MS/MS content determination method was established for the quantification of 11 Q-markers, including Forsythiaside A, Pogostone, Verbascoside, Mangiferin, 5-methoxy-8-hydroxypsoralen, Curcumenol, Luteolin-7-glucuronide, Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, Baicalin, Rutin, and Bergaptol, in 20 batches of samples. The ECI was calculated based on activity and content of these Q-markers. Pearson's correlation analysis of the NA inhibitory effect of the samples and the ECI resulted in an R value of 0.859, indicating a good correlation. Furthermore, this correlation coefficient surpassed those observed between the content of each Q-marker and the NA inhibitory effect. ConclusionThe Q-markers for treating influenza with AG have been successfully screened, and the ECI of AG has been constructed. These findings will provide beneficial strategies for improving the quality control level of AG.

Evaluation and Spatiotemporal Differentiation of Cultural Tourism Development Potential: The Case of the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yellow River

Cultural tourism development potential (CTDP) is the future value and supporting force of the environmental value, economic and social efficiency, innovation ability and supporting system of cultural tourism. At present, there are few relevant studies on CTDP, but the research results on the tourism development potential of cultural heritage are relatively rich, and the existing evaluation methods lack comprehensiveness, dynamics and visualization. Based on systems theory and sustainable development theory, this article attempts to innovate and collect time series data through the entropy method, multi-index comprehensive evaluation method, spatial kernel density estimation method, and centroid transferring model. The temporal and spatial evolution characteristics and the CTDP of 43 cities in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River are examined and analyzed. It is found that the CTDP in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River is divided into five levels; the overall potential intensity of the research area is small and has significant spatial differences; influenced by the time factor, the interaction and spatial correlation of within the research area are significant; the development of regional cultural tourism has strong regional dependence in the short range. The center of potential gradually moves to the geometric center. This study is significant for promoting the sustainable development of economic tourism in cradles of world civilization.

Reconstructing village spatial layout to achieve rural revitalization: a case from a typical township in China

Rural revitalization is a strategy proposed by China to address the imbalance and insufficiency of urban and rural development. The purpose of village system reconstruction is to optimize the rural spatial structure and realize the efficient allocation of resource elements, which is of great significance to the overall revitalization of rural areas. This research adopts the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the multi-index comprehensive evaluation method, and the GIS spatial analysis, taking Zhiyang Town as a case, reconstructing the index selection of the village-level system, putting forward a set of complete classification systems through the selecting village scale, resource conditions, social economic development level, industry, and other related data index, and building a village-level evaluation system. The 25 villages in Zhiyang Town were divided into four classes. Different development paths are proposed for different levels of villages. The evaluation of the village development level and reconstruction path of the village hierarchy system has certain practical guiding values for rural construction, which are of great significance for realizing rural revitalization.

Study on Spatiotemporal Changes of Rural Vulnerability in China’s Southwest Mountainous Provinces from 2000 to 2020 Based on Remote Sensing Image Interpretation: A Case in Yunnan Province

The three dimensions of ecological, economic, and social vulnerability in the mountainous countryside are caused by the fragility of the natural ecosystems of the mountains, which overlap with the geographical location of the countryside and are associated with farm production and low productivity. This study conducts a vulnerability evaluation of mountainous rural areas based on the fundamentals of ecological vulnerability in mountainous regions by combining “RS and GIS + multistage land use/land cover change (LUCC) + rural vulnerability evaluation theory and quantitative and practical techniques”. The goal of this project is to establish a comprehensive evaluation system that takes into account the various vulnerability levels in rural areas. It is based on the results of the three phases (2000, 2010, and 2020) of land use/land cover remote sensing images of Yunnan Province. The Delphi approach was used to determine the indicator weights. In order to quantitatively assess the rural vulnerability of 129 counties in Yunnan Province in 2000, 2010, and 2020, as well as to reveal the spatiotemporal characteristics of the rural vulnerability of the entire province in each county from 2000 to 2020, the qualitative comprehensive analysis method and the quantitative multi-index comprehensive evaluation method were organically combined. This paper’s objective is to offer a basis for the strategic planning and management of sustainable rural development and revitalization in mountainous provinces. The findings demonstrate that the ecological, economic, and social vulnerability levels all dramatically decreased over the previous two decades in rural Yunnan Province and its counties. The overall vulnerability of rural areas has been somewhat diminished, with an average annual decline of 1.17% over the past 20 years in the whole province. This demonstrates how the construction and development of rural areas over the past two decades have significantly decreased the overall vulnerability of rural areas. There are, nevertheless, substantial geographical variations. At present, the levels of ecological, economic, social, and overall vulnerability in rural areas of Yunnan Province are high.

A comprehensive evaluation framework for kinematic performance of parallel mechanisms based on joint transmissibility and multi-attribute decision making methods

The evaluation of kinematic transmission performance is one of the key elements of mechanism analysis and the foundation of optimal design, where performance indices related to motion and force transmission provide evaluation criteria for parallel mechanisms. The paper will focus on the two significant and challenging aspects of performance evaluation of parallel mechanisms: (1) presenting the generalized angle to evaluate the joint transmissibility and (2) establishing a systematic and complete multi-index comprehensive evaluation method (MICEM). Utilizing the transmission vector involving the transmissibility of all inputs and outputs, the general approaches to establishing multiple indices are further proposed to reveal performance presentations limited by a single index. Combing multiple indices and multi-attribute decision making (MADM) methods, the procedures including determining reasonable weights of the indices, screening appropriate indices, and aggregating those indices into a composite index are further developed to address the comprehensive evaluation problem. Moreover, the results of the comprehensive evaluation for a 3-RUU parallel mechanism verify the effectiveness and rationality of the new method. This work can also provide references for evaluation analysis and optimal design of different performance.

Automatic arrival-time picking of P- and S-waves of microseismic events based on object detection and CNN

Automatic, quick and accurate picking of the arrival-times of both the P- and S-waves of microseismic (MS) events is essential to real-time data processing for MS monitoring. This study proposes a two-stage arrival-time picking method that involves extracting the region of interest of the waveform and P- and S-wave arrival-time prediction. The dataset collects 6107 MS signals with low and high signal-to-noise ratios to train and test the proposed method. The YOLO network is employed to extract the MS signal region to narrow the range of arrival-time picking and significantly improve the problem of serious interference caused by excessive negative samples in the MS signal. Then, the convolutional neural network is utilised further to precisely pick the arrival-times of both the P- and S-waves. The results showed that the proposed two-stage method is more accurate than the one-stage method in picking the arrival-time. The effects of different convolutional kernel sizes and fully connected layers on the two-stage model are also discussed. Furthermore, a new multi-index comprehensive evaluation method that considers both the accuracy and the size of the model is proposed to further evaluate the proposed model's practicality. This study presents a new method suitable for both P- and S-wave arrival-time picking to enable MS monitoring, which is valuable for various rock engineering applications.

The Impact of Integrated Development of Agriculture and Tourism on Rural Ecological Environment Quality

The integrated development of agriculture and tourism plays an important role on the rural ecological environment, which has not absorbed attention of the academic community. From the perspective of stakeholders, the impact mechanism of the agriculture and tourism integration on rural ecological environmental quality was analyzed. Based on three dimension-agricultural production environment, rural living environment, and rural environmental governance, the evaluation index system of rural ecological environment quality was constructed, and the multi-index comprehensive evaluation method was used to measure its level. The coupled system model of physics and entropy method were used to measure the degree of the integrated development level of agriculture and tourism industry. Based on data of 19 provinces in the Yangtze River Economic Belt and Yellow River Economic Belt in China from 2007 to 2019, static and dynamic panel models were used to examine the impact of agriculture and tourism integration on the quality of rural ecological environment and its mechanism. The results show that the integrated development of agriculture and tourism has a significant positive correlation with the quality of rural ecological environment, so the integrated development of agriculture and tourism can play a positive role in improving the quality of rural ecological environment. The rural ecological environment quality of the last period has a significant impact on the rural ecological environment quality of the current period, which indicates that the rural ecological environment quality has a strong inertia. Under the background of the current ecological civilization construction in China, the research result has significant theoretical and practical value.

Preparation and Characterization of Yellow Peach Peel/Sodium Alginate/Glycerol Antioxidant Film Applicable for Oil Package.

This work was dedicated to improving the utilization rate of yellow peach peel (YPP), with the addition of sodium alginate (SA) and glycerol (G) to prepare a biodegradable antioxidant film. First, the formulation of the film was optimized via response surface methodology (RSM) combined with the multi-index comprehensive evaluation method, considering physical properties including tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (E%), water solution (WS) and light transmittance (T). The RSM results displayed the best process condition was 2.50% of YPP, 0.60% SA and 0.80% of G (based on water) and compared with pure YPP film and YPP-SA film, the optimized (YPP-SA-G) film presented excellent properties with TS of 21.52 MPa, E of 24.8%, T of 21.56% on 600 nm, and WS of 41.61%, the comprehensive evaluation score of the film was 0.700. Furthermore, the films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). FTIR analysis showed the main interaction of hydrogen between YPP, SA and G make the film has excellent compatibility, and the SEM images displayed that the film was dense and compacted with a little roughness. In addition, the optimized film had excellent thermal stability, suggested by TGA and XRD showed that the film’s crystal structure has been changed significantly when the SA and G were mixed in. The TPC and the ability of DPPH radical scavenging of the YPP-SA-G film was 17.68 mg·g−1 of GAE and 18.65%, then potential packaging applications were evaluated using soybean oil and the YPP-SA-G antioxidant film significantly decreased peroxide value (POV) to delay oil oxidation during storage. Therefore, the YPP-SA-G film is expected to provide a new theoretical basis for the use of food processing by-products and the packaging industry.

Groundwater pollution risk assessment based on groundwater vulnerability and pollution load on an isolated island

Prolonged leakage of surface pollutants has an impact on groundwater quality, especially in shallow groundwater. This paper proposes a new method combining Modflow and geographic information system data for groundwater pollution risk assessment. First, hydrogeological information of the study area was obtained through a field investigation and data referencing, and the groundwater flow field in the study area was constructed. The actual drilling water level data were then used for verification. A groundwater solute transport model was constructed based on the groundwater flow field, combined with pollution source sampling and detection data. Finally, based on the simulation of the migration value of pollutants, the groundwater in the study area was evaluated by constructing a groundwater pollution risk assessment system that combined groundwater vulnerability and pollution load. The results showed that in the study area, the heavy-risk area accounted for 38%, the high-risk area accounted for 29%, the medium-risk area accounted for 22%, and the low-risk area accounted for 11%. Approximately 70% of the area was rated as high-risk or above, indicating that the groundwater in the study area was more susceptible to surface pollutants. Once groundwater is contaminated, recovery is difficult; therefore, groundwater pollution risk assessments are necessary. The groundwater pollution risk assessment system constructed by the groundwater numerical simulation and multi-index comprehensive evaluation method has significance as a reference for regional groundwater pollution risk identification and scientific management.

Analysis of terrain navigability in underwater terrain aided navigation

Aiming at the problem that the single terrain characteristic parameter cannot comprehensively evaluate the terrain navigability of the matching areas, the weighted vector correlation degree is introduced, and the terrain characteristic parameters such as the standard deviation of terrain elevation, roughness, correlation coefficient, terrain information entropy and terrain slope are comprehensively considered. A multi-index comprehensive decision-making evaluation method based on grey fuzzy theory is proposed. In addition, aiming at the problem that different matching routes have different navigability for the specific terrain, in order to select matching routes with better navigability, a navigation coefficient based on terrain statistical parameters is proposed to analyze the navigability of different routes. And the point mass filter (PMF) algorithm is used to simulate the navigability of the matching areas with different terrain features and matching routes. The simulation results show that the proposed evaluation method and navigation coefficient are feasible in the evaluation of terrain navigability. The stronger the navigability is, the smaller the matching error is and the better the navigation performance is. This research results can provide theoretical basis for analysis of terrain navigability, selection of matching areas and matching routes planning in terrain aided navigation.

Analysis of water–carbon–ecological footprints and resource–environment pressure in the Triangle of Central China

Existing index system on the resource–environment pressure (REP) measure is mostly based on the multi-index comprehensive evaluation method. However, the selection of evaluation indices is highly affected by subjective factors, potentially resulting in poor comparability of results. With these concerns, this study proposes Footprint Family indicators to quantitatively evaluate the spatial–temporal variations in REP. Water–carbon–ecological footprints are grouped together to form a suite of indicators of ecological pressure, carbon emission, and water resource stress indices. A three-dimensional ecological footprint model is developed with considering footprint depth and size. The proposed method is then applied to the Triangle of Central China (TOCC). Results indicate that the average REP values in Poyang City Group, Chang-Zhu-Tan City Group, and Wuhan City Group reach 1.05, 1.27, and 3.05, respectively. The REP in Poyang City Group increases from 0.511 in 2000 to 1.846 in 2015, with an annual increase of 6.5%. The REP in Chang-Zhu-Tan City Group increases from 2.27 in 2000 to 4.18 in 2015, with an annual increase of 4.1%, whereas that in Wuhan City Group is relatively high, especially in Ezhou (9.17), Qianjiang (6.96), and Wuhan (8.95). Increased trends of ecological footprint exist in Poyang City Group, Chang-Zhu-Tan City Group, and Wuhan City Group, with average growth rates of 5.55%, 4.41%, and 5.70%, respectively. The carbon footprint in the northcentral TOCC (such as Wuhan and Loudi) is high, whereas that in the southeast TOCC is relatively low, especially in Fuzhou. The general performance of water resource system in TOCC is relatively ideal, with average surpluses of 0.546 × 104, 2.234 × 104, 6.311 × 104 m2/cap in Wuhan City Group, Chang-Zhu-Tan City Group, and Poyang City Group, respectively.

Preparation and Characterization of Biodegradable Composited Films Based on Potato Starch/Glycerol/Gelatin

The use of plastics is resisted worldwide. Therefore, finding alternatives to plastic packaging products is an urgent issue. This work was dedicated to the preparation of biodegradable composited films with potato starch, glycerol, and gelatin. The formulation of the biodegradable film was first optimized via response surface methodology combined with the multi-index comprehensive evaluation method that considered physical properties (thickness, water solution (WS), tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (E%)) and barrier property (light transmittance (T%)). Results indicated that the optimal conditions were 2.5% starch, 2.0% glycerol, and 1.5% gelatin (based on water). The optimized film presented excellent properties with TS of 4.47 MPa, E% of 109.91%, WS of 43.64%, and T% of 41.21% at 500 nm, and the comprehensive evaluation score of the composite film was 28.68. Moreover, a model verification experiment was further conducted, which proved that the predicted value highly matched experimental values, indicting the credibility and accuracy of the model. The resulting films were further characterized on the basis of rheological measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The rheological measurements proved that the film-forming solution exhibited low shear viscosity and non-Newtonian fluid behavior. FTIR and SEM revealed excellent compatibility among starch, glycerol, and gelatin. Hence, the resulting optimized film may be expected to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the food packing industry.

RETRACTED: Recognition and zoning optimization of geographical spatial conflict in Wuhan metropolitan area based on multi-functional perspective

Identifying geographical spatial conflicts and optimizing development patterns are important prerequisites for eliminating the conflicts of geographical spatial conflict. The paper takes the Wuhan Metropolitan Area as an example. Using grid-scale data, we construct a multi-functional suitability evaluation index system for geographical space, starting from three dimensions: ecological protection, agricultural production and urban construction. The multi-index comprehensive evaluation method is used to measure the geographical spatial suitability level and identify the characteristics of geographical spatial conflict patterns. Three-dimensional Rubik's cube model is used to divide the space conflict types and optimize the partition. We found that the areas with suitable ecological protection functions and more suitable areas are mainly distributed near the waters and the Dabie Mountains and Mufu Mountains with relatively high altitude in Wuhan Metropolitan Area. Suitable areas for agricultural production functions are concentrated in the Jianghan Plain. Suitable areas for urban construction functions are concentrated around urban areas, established towns, and major transportation routes. Regions with high intensity of land and space conflicts are mainly located in the central and northwestern parts of the Wuhan Metropolitan Area. Regions with low levels of conflict are concentrated in the west, northeast, and southeast regions of the Wuhan Metropolitan Area. The degree of geographical spatial conflict in Wuhan Metropolitan Area can be divided into three primary zones and 12 secondary zones, which are intense conflict zone, general conflict zone, and weak conflict zone. Based on multi-functional perspective, identifying and analyzing the types of geographical spatial conflict will help locate the development direction of different conflict areas and provide theoretical and technical support for the optimization of geographical space.

Assessing the resilience of the belt and road countries and its spatial heterogeneity: A comprehensive approach.

Regional resilience refers to the resilience of a country or region against the ecological environment, social economy, and other internal and external natural factors and human factors in the process of development. When this resilience is lower than a certain critical threshold, the country or region will be in a fragile state. The comprehensive embodiment of ecological resilience, social resilience, and economic resilience of a country or region is regional resilience. Due to the wide range of countries along “the Belt and Road”, differences in natural background conditions and stages of economic and social development among different countries lead to different degrees of vulnerability, and the improvement of resilience is conducive to reducing vulnerability. At the same time, the research on the measurement and differentiation characteristics of regional resilience is of considerable significance to solve the weak foundation of environmental management and the lack of ability to deal with climate change of “the Belt and Road” countries. In this study, by using entropy weighting method and multi-index comprehensive evaluation method, 24 specific indicators are selected from three different dimensions: ecology, economy, and society, to construct a comprehensive evaluation index system about “the Belt and Road” countries resilience, and to evaluate the comprehensive resilience and spatial heterogeneity characteristics of China and 64 countries along “the Belt and Road”, and use multiple linear regression analysis to identify the main influencing factors of comprehensive resilience and analyze its influencing mechanism. According to the research, the overall resilience level of “the Belt and Road” countries shows prominent differentiation characteristics of “extreme difference”, the countries with low and low recovery status account for the vast majority; and the spatial differentiation characteristics of the levels of ecological resilience, economic resilience, and social resilience of countries along “the Belt and Road” are quite different. In countries with high levels of economic development, their comprehensive resilience is significantly higher than that of countries with low levels of economic development. There is no inevitable connection between a country’s economic growth rate and its comprehensive resilience level. At the same time, the relationship between resource richness and comprehensive resilience of countries is not apparent, but for those countries that are over-dependent on resources, the level of resilience is generally below. There is a certain degree of correspondence between urbanization rate and comprehensive resilience, that is, the comprehensive resilience will increase with the increase of urbanization rate. When the urbanization rate rises to a certain level, the level of comprehensive resilience does not change much. In this study, it provides scientific guidance for enriching regional resilience and national sustainable development theory, solving the fragile ecological environment foundation of “the Belt and Road” countries, speeding up the transformation of economic growth mode and dealing with a series of social problems.

Additive integer-valued data envelopment analysis with missing data: A multi-criteria evaluation approach.

Traditional data envelopment analysis (DEA) models assume that all the inputs and outputs data are available. However, missing data is a common problem in data analysis. Although several scholars have developed techniques to conduct DEA with missing data, these techniques have some disadvantages. A multi-criteria evaluation approach is proposed to measure the efficiency of decision making units (DMUs) with missing data. In this approach, analysts first estimate the upper and lower bounds of DMUs’ efficiency using the proposed I-addIDEA-U models (interval additive integer-valued DEA models with undesirable outputs) that can be applied to address integer-valued variables and undesirable outputs. Then, DMUs’ “relative” efficiency is evaluated using the proposed “Halo + Hot deck” DEA method (if there is no correlation between variables) or regression DEA techniques (if there is a correlation between variables). Finally, the multi-index comprehensive evaluation method is applied to determine which scenario (the lower bound of efficiency, the “relative” efficiency, or the upper bound of efficiency) should be selected. With a case study, it is shown that the proposed multi-criteria evaluation approach is more effective than traditional approaches such as the mean imputation DEA method, the deletion DEA method, and the dummy entries DEA method.

Groundwater assessment based on analytic hierarchy process and the normal cloud model in Weinan, China

Groundwater quality is facing a grim challenge due to the development of Weinan city. A multi-index comprehensive evaluation method—analytic hierarchy process and normal cloud model are proposed to evaluate the groundwater quality of Weinan city. Seven parameters including TH (total hardness), TDS (total dissolved solids), SO4 2-, Cl−, COD, NO2 −, Mn were selected to characterize the groundwater quality. The results show that the groundwater quality level of W6 and B557 are excellent water quality (I), H32, W15, W23, and W14 are good water quality (II), only B24 is medium or average water quality (III). Compared with other methods, the results obtained by the proposed method are in good agreement with the NI method but far from SFI method. This study confirms the suitability of the Analytic hierarchy process and Normal cloud model method in groundwater quality evaluation in Weinan city, and provides a reasonable basis for decision-makers of groundwater protection and utilization in Weinan city.

Some results of evaluating the level of sustainable development of agricultural production in Mongolia

In this research work, we evaluated the level of the sustainable agricultural development of Mongolia by a criteria consisting of 3 sub-systems and 14 indicators with a multi-index comprehensive evaluation method by using the data of 2005-2017. According to the research, the sustainable agricultural development level has reached 55.53%, where the economic sub-system has the highest impact and the social sub-system has the lowest impact but the development tendency of the environmental sub-system is at the same level as the general level and the level of sustainable agricultural development strongly depends on the environmental and climatic conditions.

FAHP Based Evaluation of real-time operating system performance in Aerospace

The real-time operating system has been gradually applied to China’s aerospace industry. Due to the lack of effective evaluation methods for real-time operating system performance, this paper proposes a multi-index comprehensive performance evaluation method— the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process, possibility calculation method. This method can comprehensively evaluate and analyse the performance of embedded RTOS, and provide a reliable basis for the selection of embedded operating systems for aerospace systems.

Construction Quality Residential Project Based on Artificial Neural Network

Engineering quality evaluation is an important part of engineering quality management. However, China has not yet formed a systematic engineering quality evaluation system. Aiming at such problems, a comprehensive evalua-tion method based on artificial neural network for residential project construc-tion quality is proposed. Based on the analysis of the quality influencing factors in the construction process of residential projects, a construction quality grade index system was established. Based on the index system, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze various factors, combined with expert scoring. The method obtains quantitative decision-making results; the multi-index comprehensive evaluation method using artificial neural network and AHP method simulates the expert to evaluate the construction quality of residential buildings and compares the model evaluation results of construction quality with the evaluation results of experts, and analyzes artificial nerves. The case analysis of a residential project was carried out to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the method, and the superiority of the artificial neural network in comprehensive evaluation is demonstrated.

Backfill support’s backfill and operation properties and evaluation

To ensure compacted backfilling, it is essential to ensure the reliability of the performance of a solid backfill support, key equipment for integrating backfilling and mining. To evaluate the backfilling performance of a backfill support, the concept of backfill and operation properties is proposed in this study. Moreover, it is elaborated in terms of five aspects, namely, structural property, supporting property, tamping property, mechanical response property, and geological adaptation property, which are specifically reflected by 14 indexes including the supporting intensity and vertical roof gap. Seven separate evaluation indexes are selected to build a backfill and operation properties based system for evaluating the design schemes of the backfill support via a multi-index comprehensive evaluation method; then, the evaluation method and process together with measures to control the backfill and operation properties are proposed. By using this system, 11 schemes for optimizing the ZC5200/14.5/3 backfill support at Zhaizhen Coal Mine are evaluated, and scheme #10 is found to show superior vertical roof gap and other backfill and operation properties, thus demonstrating the reasonability of the evaluation system. On this basis, the backfill support research framework of designing initial scheme, optimizing design scheme, selecting the best evaluation indexes, evaluating optimizing scheme, and evaluating operation properties is built; this should serve as an important reference for further studies on the roof controlling performance of a backfill support.