Multi-family Residential Housing Research Articles

Real-time model for unit-level heating and cooling energy prediction in multi-family residential housing

In this paper, we introduce a real-time modelling approach to predict the heating and cooling energy consumption of each housing unit in multi-family residential buildings. We first present measured yearly heating and cooling energy use data from an actual building and introduce the eco-feedback design and associated modelling challenges. Subsequently, we present a real-time parameter learning-based modelling approach. The model has a state-space structure while state filtering and parameter estimation are simultaneously executed through particle filter with sequential Bayesian update. The housing unit-level model is coupled with a probabilistic model of the heating and cooling system by using thermostat, power metre, and mechanical system catalogue data through a Bayesian approach. The results show that the median power prediction of the model deviates less than 3.1% from measurements while the model learns seasonal parameters such as the cooling efficiency coefficient through sequential Bayesian update.

ВІД ПРАКТИК НЕОЛІБЕРАЛІЗМУ ДО ПАРТИСИПАТИВНОЇ ДЕМОКРАТІЇ ІНТЕГРОВАНОГО МІСЬКОГО РОЗВИТКУ: ШЛЯХ МІКРОРАЙОНУ ЖК “ЛІКО-ГРАД”, КИЇВ

Most major cities in Ukraine are experiencing widespread use of neoliberal approaches in urban planning and governance. These approaches are focused on economic priorities and the accumulation of capital by individual government-private coalitions both for new urban projects and practices of modifying urban space in areas of existing development. They ignore the needs of the local people, who, in turn, do not have a deep awareness of their importance and role in making management decisions regarding urban development. Simultaneously with the application of neoliberal urban practices, some integrated urban development projects are being implemented in a number of cities or districts of cities of Ukraine within the framework of international technical assistance and exchange programs. They provide opportunities for all segments of society to understand the consequences of decision-making in a particular area. These efforts increase the importance of this research task which aims to analyze the processes of public participation in urban decision-making and the formation of integration in new local and multi-family residential housing development in Kyiv where there is no involvement in international cooperation in integrated urban development. The authors consider these issues using the example of the new “Liko-Grad” residential development. Our working hypothesis examines the dominance of neoliberal urban practices prevailing in such areas. The results of a survey of residents, conducted in 2018 and 2020, raises issues related to integrated development, the inclusiveness of urban space and the extent of involvement of residents in decision-making related to housing and urban landscape. These results as well as expert analysis of open-source data about the development, help to understand that the residential complex “Liko-Grad” which was built by a developer based on neoliberal management decisions. The potential residents were unable to participate in the decision-making process on building and planning the infrastructure. Today, in the process of community formation, residents reveal they are somewhat satisfied with the level of landscaping and are taking the first steps to address certain issues as evidenced by their active participation in social networks and some non-systematic landscaping activities and other small projects within the public budget. The survey also revealed low levels of job opportunities, social infrastructure, poor street infrastructure, and public transport needs as well as a low level of urban inclusion. These results, together with the lack of business activities and function, do not enable the residents of “Liko-Grad” to become a multifunctional urban space according to the integrated approaches designed for this space. We conclude that the path of Ukrainian cities to participatory democracy is just emerging; it requires a deep awareness of local communities of its importance of such efforts and also incorporating management decisions which affect the interests of all residents.

An investigation on energy consumption in residential building with different orientation: a BIM approach

The present work targets to provide a simplified energy analysis to assess the influence of the orientation of the buildings. The energy savings mostly depends on the solar heat gain and more often local factors including social lifestyle. A multi-storied, multifamily residential house in Afghanistan is considered as case study. The first step in this analysis is to develop a 3D model of the building. The second step is to study the energy scenarios for different orientations through simulations. Then the energy analysis is performed. In this study taking the whole building as a unit for energy analysis, 24 test scenarios are considered by changing the building orientation 15° rotation each time including the actual orientation. It is observed from the analysis of data collected that a saving of $1393 from the best orientation (+ 315° clockwise) to the worst orientation (+ 165° clockwise). The simulated electricity demand is validated by taking the original bills of the actual orientation and it is observed the values are 2.65% greater than the simulated values.

Forced Emergence of Title to Land Lots as a Phenomenon of Russian Law

The paper studies the legal enforced emergence of private and public title of compulsory origin to land plots in the Russian Federation which is not typical for the European legal practice. The authors examine the causes and consequences of its appearance and note that this is due to the national specifics of Russia's transition to a market economy and a rule-of-law state. The article analyzes legal procedures for the forced reissuance of the right of permanent (unlimited) property use, the emergence of the right of common share ownership of citizens who are the owners of a premises (apartments) in multi-family residential house, the forced transfer to public property of heirless estate, redistribution of landed property among different levels of public authority, transfer of a land lot which cannot by law belong to a citizen or a legal entity to public property, as well as a number of others issues.
 
 The authors believe that the legal practice of the compulsory emergency of the right to own land plots is in many respects a necessary condi-tion for securing important public interests which is inadmissibility of the existence of an ownerless estate where condition may threaten life, health and other legally protected goods, the invasion of land in civil circulation, attraction of additional financial resources to the Federal, regional and municipal budgets through the collection of land tax (or rent payment in the case of forcing the owner of the property to include a joint leasehold agreement).

Laminated gypsum wallboard in mid-rise wood construction

Mid-rise wood construction is a cost-effective and sustainable choice to achieve high performance in commercial and multi-family residential housing. It is gaining popularity in the industry as several building codes, including IBC (2009) and NBCC (2015), now allow five- and six-story constructions, respectively. Acoustic comfort in such buildings is important to attract and retain occupants. Because of its lightweight construction nature, the new code changes the requirements for airborne sound insulation between dwellings from a Sound Transmission Class (STC) rating which only describes the sound insulation of the common partition between rooms to an ASTC rating, which includes contributions from all of the flanking paths. This paper shows laminated SilentFX/QC gypsum wall board is a fast, economical, space-saving, and code-compliant solution in meeting the ASTC requirement of the new building codes with examples. The test methodology is based on ISO 15712 and ISO 10848 standard, and follows the procedure outlined in NRC-331 publication. It consists of testing STC and radiation efficiency of wall partitions and measuring the vibration reduction index of various conjunctions between the partitions and different flanking paths. The ASTC predictions were validated with prior results obtained from the NRC Flanking Facility.

세대변화에 따른 주택자가소유의 공간적 분포 특성 - 수도권을 중심으로 -

This study analyzes spatial distribution change of the housing-type and homeownership through the generation change. Until now studies have been carried out mainly cross sectional analysis with changing the life cycle. These studies didn't reflect time series changes like generation changes. This study utilized the concept of "generation" that share a social experience. Age effect, period effect, a cohort effect were considered comprehensively. I examined the spatial distribution of housing types and homeownership changes by longitudinal sectional analysis. The Main housing-type have been changed over time. Apartments, detached house, multi-family residential housing types are leading to a certain generation. The old people own and live in the detached house, younger people own and live in the apartment. Homeownership rate is influenced by the income. Income has been increased according to life cycle until 50s. However, as time passes, younger generation's homeownership getting decreased rapidly. That phenomenon reflects increasing the rates of unemployment, irregular job for young people. In the south of seoul metropolitan, people live and have homeownership separated by age. 30s who have homeownership live in outside of the south of seoul metropolitan, 40s who have house ownership live more inside than 30s and 50s who have house ownership live more inside than 40s. That makes multi ring. Spatial distribution of homeownership is extended to outside. Because the newtown had been developed in south seoul metropolitan from near seoul. Mostly people buy house at 30s and live longer than lent resident. So, the residential multi-ring depends on newtown developing time and age of households who have homeownership.

Life Cycle Energy Analysis of a Multifamily Residential House: A Case Study in Indian Context

The paper presents life cycle energy analysis of a multifamily residential house situated in Allahabad (U.P), India. The study covers energy for construction, operation, maintenance and demolition phases of the building. The selected building is a 4-storey concrete structured multifamily residential house comprising 44 apartments with usable floor area of 2960 m2. The material used for the building structure is steel reinforced concrete and envelope is made up of burnt clay brick masonry. Embodied energy of the building is calculated based on the embodied energy coefficients of building materials applicable in Indian context. Operating energy of the building is estimated using e-Quest energy simulation software. Results show that operating energy (89%) of the building is the largest contributor to life cycle energy of the building, followed by embodied energy (11%). Steel, cement and bricks are most significant materials in terms of contribution to the initial embodied energy profile. The life cycle energy intensity of the building is found to be 75 GJ/m2 and energy index 288 kWh/m2 years (primary). Use of aerated concrete blocks in the construction of walls and for covering roof has been examined as energy saving strategy and it is found that total life cycle energy demand of the building reduces by 9.7%. In addition, building integrated photo voltaic (PV) panels are found most promising for reduction (37%) in life cycle energy (primary) use of the building.

An Energy and Water Resource Demand Estimation Model for Multi-Family Housing Complexes in Korea

This paper proposes and develops a residential energy and resource consumption estimation model in the context of multi-family residential housing in Korea using a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network. Eight indicators are introduced which affect the energy and water resource usage characteristics of Korean residential complexes. The proposed model precisely estimated the electricity, gas energy and water consumption for each examined residential complex. In terms of validation, the results showed the highest level of agreement with actually collected datasets. The model shows promising prospects in providing necessary estimations, not only for optimally scaling and sizing energy- and water-related infrastructures, but also to promote reliable energy and resource savings through greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction planning in multi-family housing complexes. The model could also be of use in framing guidelines for the better planning of national or regional energy and resource policies and for forming a foundation of decision-making with definite references regarding the facility management of each apartment complex to enhance the energy and resource use efficiency at these locations.

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: MANAGEMENT OF RELIABLE WATER CONSUMPTION

Corporate social responsibility is a modern approach to company management, which takes into account such important aspects as environment and society. The concept of social responsibility goes beyond the regulatory act requirements, putting more emphasis on human resources, the surrounding environments and relationships with the stakeholders. To ensure the availability of water resources at present as well as for future generations, water supply and consumption recording management process should be organized in a responsible manner. At the same time it must be economical, environmentally-friendly and oriented towards the public interest. This process is adversely affected by water pollution, process management shortcomings, irresponsible use of water and problems with water consumption recording. The article aims to explain how to ensure quality, responsible and reliable water consumption recording management process in a multi-family residential house, involving all stakeholders in the process. During the study, qualitative research methods have been used, assessment of water meter installation and performance has been done, principles of responsibility have been analysed. The authors have elaborated proposals that can help in improving the existing water consumption recording management processes in multi-family residential houses and develop public awareness of responsible water consumption recording. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.em.17.3.2136

How can a successful multi-family residential recycling programme be initiated within Baltimore City, Maryland?

Baltimore City formally began recycling in 1989 with all neighbourhoods having residential collection by 1992. Although the city of 637 000 has recycled for approximately 20 years, almost all residents in multi-family residential (MFR) housing have been and are still barred from participating at their residences. Discussions with City officials and residents have verified this antiquated policy of exclusion within MFR housing. Yet, the policy is still observed by the Department of Public Works even though the updated single-stream Code states that the 'Director of Public Works must collect all. . .recyclable materials. . .from all dwellings, including multiple-family dwellings'. The purpose of this study's is to provide policies, regulations, and recommendations for implementing requisite MFR recycling within Baltimore City. The study's methodology follows a case study approach by examining three cities in the United States that currently mandate MFR recycling: Chicago, Illinois; Boston, Massachusetts; and Arlington, Virginia. Post-analysis suggests that while some cities' MFR programmes perform poorly, each city's strengths aid in creating specific proposals that can produce a successful MFR recycling program in Baltimore City. These tenets of a future MFR recycling program form the basis of a successful MFR recycling program that will allow all city residents to participate via initiatives in the categories of both programme, accessibility, and informing and self-review.

URBAN DEVELOPMENT EFFECT ON PASSIVE HOUSE ENERGY CONSUMPTION / MIESTO PLĖTROS ĮTAKA PASYVAUS NAMO ENERGIJOS VARTOJIMUI

The paper describes one of the energy-efficient building concepts – a passive house. In the course of the work, a multifamily residential house was simulated in order to determine its constructive and spatial parameters that would ensure a passive house with energy efficiency in compliance with the fixed standards. The climatic data of the Latvian capital, Riga, were applied to this building simulation. Initially, an optimal orientation and maximum theoretical insulation of the building were chosen. At the second stage, the external factors – the shade caused by the surrounding buildings and effect of the building orientation dictated by the existing urban conditions – were studied based on the previously achieved energy efficiency rating. The results evidenced that the layout of window apertures and change of orientation, as well as shading caused by the surrounding buildings, plaid a significant role in the rating of the building energy efficiency nonetheless it did not interfere with achieving the passive house standards.