Abstract
The paper presents life cycle energy analysis of a multifamily residential house situated in Allahabad (U.P), India. The study covers energy for construction, operation, maintenance and demolition phases of the building. The selected building is a 4-storey concrete structured multifamily residential house comprising 44 apartments with usable floor area of 2960 m2. The material used for the building structure is steel reinforced concrete and envelope is made up of burnt clay brick masonry. Embodied energy of the building is calculated based on the embodied energy coefficients of building materials applicable in Indian context. Operating energy of the building is estimated using e-Quest energy simulation software. Results show that operating energy (89%) of the building is the largest contributor to life cycle energy of the building, followed by embodied energy (11%). Steel, cement and bricks are most significant materials in terms of contribution to the initial embodied energy profile. The life cycle energy intensity of the building is found to be 75 GJ/m2 and energy index 288 kWh/m2 years (primary). Use of aerated concrete blocks in the construction of walls and for covering roof has been examined as energy saving strategy and it is found that total life cycle energy demand of the building reduces by 9.7%. In addition, building integrated photo voltaic (PV) panels are found most promising for reduction (37%) in life cycle energy (primary) use of the building.
Highlights
A large number of buildings are built for residential, commercial and office purposes every year all over the world
Results show that operating energy (89%) of the building is the largest contributor to life cycle energy of the building, followed by embodied energy (11%)
Use of aerated concrete blocks in the construction of walls and for covering roof has been examined as energy saving strategy and it is found that total life cycle energy demand of the building reduces by 9.7%
Summary
A large number of buildings are built for residential, commercial and office purposes every year all over the world. There is limited quantitative information about the environmental impacts of the production and manufacturing of construction materials, and the actual process of construction and demolition in developing countries like India. The authors have reported on life cycle energy analysis of single family residential houses [14,15]. In the present work an attempt is made to present life cycle energy profile of a multifamily residential building covering the embodied, operational and demolition energy aspects in the Indian context. A typical multifamily residential house (Figure 1) called as International House (I H), located in the campus of the Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology (MNNIT), Allahabad, India is selected for the study to gain insight into the life cycle energy use of the residential house in Indian context. Average maximum temperatures are around 22 ̊C and minimum around 10 ̊C
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