Multi-factor Evaluation Method Research Articles

Multifactor evaluation method of smart meter

As an important terminal of smart grid, smart meter has the functions of equipment health monitoring and power metering. However, it is difficult to quantify the impact of factors such as ex-factory parameters, historical failure rates, electromagnetic interference when conducting an operational condition assessment. Therefore, in view of the large number of influencing factors and the difficulty in quantifying the degree of influence, an improved multifactor evaluation model for the operating status of smart meters is constructed. Firstly, a multifactor index system for evaluating the operating state of smart meters is constructed by analyzing the working mechanism and operating characteristics of smart meters. Then, an improved combinatorial weighting method is proposed by combining the subjective weight and the objective weight. The combinatorial weighting method is used to estimate the weight of factors in the health status evaluation of smart meters, and the improved multifactor evaluation method is presented to evaluate the health status of smart meters. Finally, an example is given to verify and analyze the proposed method. Compared with the other three methods, this method can provide effective evaluation results, and help guide targeted maintenance or replacement to improve the efficiency of smart meter detection.

Available target evaluation of underground gas storage based on AHP-FCE methods

Underground gas storage (UGS) is one of the feasible technologies to achieve carbon emission reduction and reach the carbon peak target. The scientific evaluation of available UGS targets is still challenging due to uncertainty of caprock, reservoir, fracture, etc. To fill this gap, this work develops an efficient evaluation method to determine the available UGS targets based on oil or gas reservoirs by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation (FCE) method. An integrated evaluation system for potential UGS is formed, including the evaluation indicators, scoring criteria, and the workflow of available target applicability evaluation. Field application is performed to validate the proposed model. The selection of target blocks is performed by a multi-factor evaluation method (AHP-FCE), and an evaluation index system and the evaluation criteria are proposed. The indicators are more completed, including 6 indicators and 44 sub-indicators. The assessment matrix has passed the consistency check because of CR < 0.1. The factors of caprock and reservoir yield greater impact on the UGS siting. Field case shows that the excellent membership degree of Block # A and #B are 0.315 and 0.574, suitable for potential UGS. The average membership degree of Block #C and #E are 0.591 and 0.386. The poor membership degree of Block #D is 0.422. The evaluation model can provide accurate and objective technical support for UGS target evaluation.

GIS-Based Ecological Restoration Planning for Densely Populated Areas of Hangjiahu River Network in the Context of the Internet of Things

Abstract In order to better protect the ecosystem of Hangjia Lake, repair ecological problems, and improve biodiversity, this article takes the ecosystem of Hangjia Lake area as the research object and proposes a geographic information system (GIS)-based ecological restoration planning method under the Internet of Things. The ArcGIS software was used to analyze the rainfall, soil pollution, water pollution, and land use in Hangjiahu area, and evaluate the current status of ecosystem. Moreover, the weight of the influencing factors of ecosystem was calculated. In addition, the ecological restoration was planned from the perspective of optimizing resources and reasonable allocation. Furthermore, Hangjiahu area was planned reasonably based on land suitability and vegetation spatial pattern. The potential and limitation of dense waterway net region of Hangjiahu were analyzed by the multi-factor evaluation method. Finally, the planning was carried out from the aspects of soil and water conservation, biodiversity, and vegetation selection. Experimental results show that the proposed method has good effect on soil and water conservation and many biological species, so it can realize the efficient restoration for the ecosystem in Hangjiahu area.

Numerical Analysis and Calculation for Urban Street Landscape Spatial Pattern

In recent years, there are many problems in the construction of street landscape spatial pattern, such as emphasizing the surface, ignoring the substance, focusing on construction, and ignoring protection. The reason is closely related to the lack of visual evaluation of streetscape for guidance. This research mainly discusses the numerical analysis and calculation for the spatial pattern of urban streetscape. This study clarifies the related concepts of visual evaluation of urban streetscape and discusses the formation process, overall characteristics, and constituent elements of streetscape. It emphasizes the importance of two subjective and objective factors of “landscape” and “vision” for evaluation. This paper studies this spatial composition relationship from the perspective of street space and the building itself. In the research process, it selects the pedestrian street in the northwest of the city as the object and uses the questionnaire survey method and the multifactor evaluation method to carry out the visual evaluation of the streetscape. It deeply discusses the application of evaluation methods in practice and counts the relevant evaluation results. In the urban street space proportion curve and the corresponding comparative analysis, it is found that most of the street space proportion is between 0.6 and 3.0. This kind of space composition has mutual inclusive symmetry, which enhances the order and communication of urban architecture. This somewhat improves this alienated spatial morphological pattern. This research is helpful to promote the development of streetscape visual evaluation.

How Is Construction Land Transition Related to Rural Transformation? Evidence from a Plain County in China Based on the Grey Correlation Model

Under the background of urban-rural integration, the frequent flow of urban and rural elements has promoted the close connection between rural transformation (RT) and construction land transition (CLT). How is CLT related to RT? By taking the plain area Linqing County in China as the study area, basing the study on the RT and CLT coupling framework of relevance theory, building an RT and CLT evaluation index system, using the multi-factor evaluation method for the evaluation of RT and CLT from 2010 to 2018, and using the grey correlation model to measure the RT and CLT coupling relationship, the results showed that the level of RT was from 0.04 to 97.42, and the level of CLT was from 14.89 to 82.47, showing the trends of gradual increase and fluctuating increase, respectively. Taking 2013 and 2016 as the time point, RT could be divided into the initial stage, growth stage I, and growth stage II, corresponding to the initial stage, high growth stage, and stable development stage of CLT. The coupling degree between the two was in the range of 0.6–0.8 and was in the stage of a medium to high coupling degree. The correlation degree between the subsystem of RT and CLT was over 0.65. In the subsystem of CLT, the correlation degrees between quantitative structure transition and RT and efficiency transition and RT were both lower than 0.65, which were relatively low. Controlling the scale of construction land and taking efficiency transition are the effective methods to guide the deep exploration of potential and are the inevitable way to strengthen the relationship between CLT and RT and promote urban-rural integration development.

Evaluation of the Engineering Geology Practice Route Based on Multifactor Reliability Analysis

Engineering geological practice and investigation are important measures for geological fluid and engineering geological research; the practice route has an important impact on the achievement of research objectives. In this study, the practice route is mainly affected by four primary indicators: abundance of geological resources, rationality of the practice route, effect of practice, and the accommodation conditions. The four primary indicators include 13 secondary indicators, and each secondary indicator can be divided into positive and negative random variables, which is the specific content of the evaluation. In order to collect the feedback data of participants on the practice route, a questionnaire was constructed based on indicators at all levels. According to the results of the questionnaire, the mean and standard deviation of each random variable are counted and the distribution law of probability density is fitted. A performance function is constructed to represent the approval status of participants for each indicator. Considering the influence of 26 random variables, a multifactor evaluation method for the engineering geology practice route is proposed based on the reliability analysis method. This method can be used to analyze the approval status of random factors, search for the shortcomings of the route, and provide an effective method to improve the rationality of the route. The conclusion shows that this study provides a solution to evaluate fuzzy problems in engineering geological practice, especially if the problems are difficult to be quantified through experiment or measurement.

Influence of vapor generator design on thermodynamic and techno-economic performances of transcritical organic Rankine cycle

Transcritical organic Rankine cycle is of great potential in converting low-grade heat into electricity. Due to sharp variations in fluid thermophysical properties, accurate design of vapor generator in transcritical cycle remains challenging. This work aims to investigate the influence of vapor generator design on both component and system levels. Vapor generator employing supercritical R134a or R1234yf was designed by two models. One is more accurate and the other is more commonly used but may be less accurate. A multi-factor evaluation method was developed to comprehensively analyze the system thermo-economic performance. Results show that two design models led to a difference up to 36% in the size of vapor generator Avapor, but only 1% change in system electricity production cost (EPC). The increase of turbine inlet temperature caused a 10% change in Avapor, while the change with operating pressure was only 1%. In the case of multi-objective optimization, two designs gave 16%∼36% deviation in Avapor and less than 2.5% changes in four performance indicators, but differences in their optimal operating conditions caused 2%∼8% deviations between design condition and the assumed real condition. Quite consistent results were obtained for two working fluids, and a linear correlation was found between uncertainties in Avapor and EPC.

A multi-factor evaluation method for the thermal runaway risk of lithium-ion batteries

To systematically and quantitatively establish a multi-factor evaluation method for the thermal runaway risk of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process was adopted in this paper. The own hazardous factor of battery, hazardous factor of vented gases, jet fire and high-temperature mixture (JFHM), ejected powder and their corresponding sub-factors were evaluated and analyzed. Combined with literature, the model of multi-factor evaluation method was established and the index system was determined. The pair-wise comparison matrixes for the thermal runaway risk were drawn, the triangular fuzzy method was used to calculate and the evaluation weight was obtained. The factors' ranges of the criteria risk grades were quantitatively determined. The risk of thermal runaway consequences under the selected abuse condition was analyzed with a case study. The result shows that the thermal runaway risk from LIBs under the selected abuse condition is level III: the LIB is more dangerous after thermal runaway. Meanwhile, in this method, the lower explosion limit of gas and the maximum height/ length of the JFHM are the two factors with the greatest weights. In the actual design and use process, people should pay attention to the protection of the runaway gas explosion and the harm of JFHM.

A new dynamic capillary-number-recovery evaluation method for tight gas reservoirs

Currently, it is difficult to accurately evaluate the recovery of tight gas reservoirs owing to its poor physical properties, strong heterogeneity, high water saturation, complex percolation laws. Conventional evaluation methods are often employed to use to calculate the gas recovery and the calculated results are frequently inaccurate in tight gas reservoirs. There is no unified recovery evaluation method for tight gas reservoirs. In this paper, a new dynamic capillary-number-recovery model was established to calculate the tight gas recovery. By using fuzzy mathematics, eight macroscopic factors that have a significant impact on recovery were selected to develop a multi-factor evaluation method for calculating the initial gas recovery. Combined with the microscopic seepage phenomenon and theoretical analysis, a matrix-fracture tight gas reservoir seepage model considering slippage effect, threshold pressure gradient and stress sensitivity effects was established. A new dynamic capillary-number-recovery model was developed to evaluate the initial gas recovery based on the seepage model and the multi-factor evaluation method. This model is more applicable to calculate gas recovery due to the consideration of macroscopic factors and microscopic seepage mechanism in tight gas reservoirs. Meanwhile, the new method was applied to evaluate the gas recovery of A block, which is a typical tight gas reservoir in Changqing gas field, China. The results indicate that the new established method is a feasible means to evaluate the gas recovery in tight gas reservoirs.

Evaluation method for lightning damage of carbon fiber reinforced polymers subjected to multiple lightning strikes with different combinations of current components

The aircraft lightning environment consists of four lightning current components with different parameters, which are known as lightning components A, B, C and D. The lightning damage of aeronautic carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminates subjected to multiple continuous sequential lightning current components with different timing combinations was experimentally evaluated. The experimental results indicated that the carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminates suffered serious lightning damage, including carbon fiber fracture, resin pyrolysis and delamination. Through an analysis of the lightning damage properties of carbon fiber reinforced polymers, the influential factors and evaluation methods of the lightning damage in carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminates were studied. Because the lightning damage evaluation method under a single lightning impulse was found to be inapplicable for the multiple continuous lightning strikes, a multi-factor evaluation method was proposed. In the multiple continuous lightning strike test, the damage depth was found to be closely related to lightning components A, B and D and could be estimated based on the amplitudes and rise rates of the applied lightning components. Increases in the damaged area after a lightning strike were driven by lightning component C due to its substantial thermal effects. The damaged area was evaluated on the basis of the parameters of the electrical action integral and the transfer charge. The research on the evaluation methods for carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminate lightning damage presented herein may provide experimental support and a theoretical basis for studying the lightning effect mechanism and optimizing material formulations, manufacturing processes and structural designs to achieve performance improvements for carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminates in the future.

Multi-factor evaluation method for the assessment of trans-critical organic Rankine cycle with low GWP fluids

In this work, a multi-factor evaluation indicator method for the feasibility assessment of trans-critical organic Rankine cycles with low GWP fluids R134a, propane and R1234yf is developed. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used for the selection and weight allocation of multi-indicator. Moreover, the trans-critical ORC with R134a is analyzed and compared with the ones with propane and R1234yf in given heat source temperature of 150°C. The analysis takes into account inevitable irreversibility, investment cost, emissions of CO2 equivalent based on life-cycle in the heat exchangers, turbine and pump, and for working fluids. The results show that R134a has the optimal thermo-economic performances but the worst environmental impact. The net power output, thermal efficiency, exergy efficiency of system reaches 90.16kW, 12.71%, 52.34%, respectively, and the cycle irreversibility of 108.09kW, EPC of 0.0698$/kWh, PPD of 6.27 years and ECE of 22.46 tons CO2,eq are attainable for propane. Operation phase produces the maximal emissions of CO2 equivalent (ECE) for R134a, while construction phase produces the maximal ECE for propane and R1234yf. According to the multi-factor evaluation indicator, R1234yf is feasible only when environmental impact is paid high attention to, and propane is more feasible than R1234yf to be as a substitute of R134a thanks to its better thermo-economic performances close to those of R134a, and the minimal environmental impact.

Energetic, exergetic, economic and environmental (4E) analysis and multi-factor evaluation method of low GWP fluids in trans-critical organic Rankine cycles

Environmentally-friendly working fluid selection and multi-objective evaluation have been paid a great attention in organic Rankine cycle (ORC). Based on a modified analytic hierarchy process, a multi-factor evaluation method for trans-critical ORC (TORC) is developed first. The multi-factor indicator consists of eight indicators including energetic, exergetic, economic and environmental criteria (4E). The net power output, system efficiency, total exergy loss, exergy efficiency, cost per unit of time, electricity production cost, dynamic payback period, and emissions of CO2 equivalent (ECE) during life-time are considered. R134a, R32, R1270, R290 and R1234yf are selected as potential working fluids. The results show that the performance of R134a is the best followed by R32, R290, R1270 and R1234yf when only thermo-economic performances are considered. R290 shows the maximum comprehensive emission reduction of 8019 tons CO2, eq during life-time followed by R1270 being 7529 tons CO2, eq. The primary source of ECE from R134a, R32, R1270 and R290 is fluid leakage, accounting for over 68–83%. In multi-factor evaluation, R290 and R1270 exhibit higher feasibility level than R134a when the environmental impact is paid great attention. The multi-factor evaluation method is effective and valid to conduct comprehensive feasibility evaluation for decision-making.

Multi-factor evaluation indicator method for the risk assessment of atmospheric and oceanic hazard group due to the attack of tropical cyclones

China's southeast coastal areas frequently suffer from storm surge due to the attack of tropical cyclones (TCs) every year. Hazards induced by TCs are complex, such as strong wind, huge waves, storm surge, heavy rain, floods, and so on. The atmospheric and oceanic hazards cause serious disasters and substantial economic losses. This paper, from the perspective of hazard group, sets up a multi-factor evaluation method for the risk assessment of TC hazards using historical extreme data of concerned atmospheric and oceanic elements. Based on the natural hazard dynamic process, the multi-factor indicator system is composed of nine natural hazard factors representing intensity and frequency, respectively. Contributing to the indicator system, in order of importance, are maximum wind speed by TCs, attack frequency of TCs, maximum surge height, maximum wave height, frequency of gusts ≥ Scale 8, rainstorm intensity, maximum tidal range, rainstorm frequency, then sea-level rising rate. The first four factors are the most important, whose weights exceed 10% in the indicator system. With normalization processing, all the single-hazard factors are superposed by multiplying their weights to generate a superposed TC hazard. The multi-factor evaluation indicator method was applied to the risk assessment of typhoon-induced atmospheric and oceanic hazard group in typhoon-prone southeast coastal cities of China.

Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Penerimaan dan Pengelompokan Kelas Peserta Didik Baru di SMP Islam Parlaungan Waru Sidoarjo U

Abstract- Decision Support System Acceptance and Grouping of Students New Class in SMP Islam Parlaungan Waru Sidoarjo, developed to assist the process of selecting the reception and grouping class of new students in SMP Islam Parlaungan Waru Sidoarjo based on predetermined criteria. These criteria form of Value Average National Exam (UN), Value of Academic Ability Test, test scores diniyah / Koran and the achievement of learners. Decision Support System Acceptance and Grouping Class Students New constructed using Multi-Factor Evaluation Method of Process and Web-based. We make this system can help the committee Admission of new students (PPDB) in SMP Islam Parlaungan in selecting and classifying new learner classes.

Evaluation method for pedestrian level of service on sidewalks based on fuzzy neural network model

For the purpose of creating excellent walking environment, increasing the proportion of pedestrians and providing a planning and designing basis for the newly-built and rebuilt sidewalks, this paper proposed a comprehensive multi-factor evaluation method for pedestrian level of service on sidewalks based on the quantification of environmental factors. Firstly, pedestrians' satisfaction questionnaires survey was conducted with intercept survey method on 87 typical sidewalks covering different regions, road grades, road facility and environmental conditions. The rating scale form of the questionnaires was 10 grades and 4300 valid questionnaires were obtained. Then, the factors of traffic conditions, road facility conditions and environmental conditions which affected pedestrians' satisfaction were analyzed in detail. Image recognition and edge detection methods were used to quantify the environmental factors. Combined with Spearman rank correlation method, the 10 significant influencing factors obtained were verified. The more comprehensive and quantified multi-factors evaluation index system for pedestrian level of service on sidewalks could be proposed. Finally, aiming at the characteristics that pedestrian level of service on sidewalks and its influencing factors were multi-type variables, the fuzzy neural network method was used to establish the comprehensive evaluation model for pedestrian level of service on sidewalks. The error result showed that the accuracy of the model in this research was 0.94 which had a significant improvement compared with the existing linear regression models.

Evaluation of Land Saving Effect for Highway Construction Based on Composite Index Model

In order to realize a comprehensive effect assessment of highway construction of different levels, the thesis builds up a system of evaluating indicators in a meso-level, which consists of three criteria—land saving amount, function and service level and comprehensive return of land usage. Moreover, it nails down the standard value of the land saving index, and determines practical value of each index by taking the actual situation of HengShui-DaMing section in DaQing-GuangZhou expressway into consideration, then carries out non-dimensional treatment to the index and builds a comprehensive index model by employing the multi-factor evaluation method based on entropy method empowerment. Multi-factor composite index model is a feasible approach to assess the land saving effect of a certain highway construction project, thus realizing the definition and comparative evaluation of land saving level.