Multi-ethnic Area Research Articles

Exploration and Research on the Development of Higher Vocational English Education in Guangxi

With the acceleration of economic development and globalization and the rapid development of China’s foreign economy, the position of English education in higher vocational education has become increasingly prominent. Particularly in the multi-ethnic and multi-cultural areas of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, higher vocational education undertakes the responsibility of talent export for the construction of the China-ASEAN foreign trade exchange platform. However, the current phenomena and problems existing in higher vocational English education in Guangxi need to be deeply discussed and solved. Therefore, this paper discusses the development ideas of English education mode in Guangxi higher vocational education and studies the feasibility suggestions, in order to provide a reference for the future development of higher vocational English education in Guangxi.

Suburbanization in Multi-ethnic Area – Conflicts and Local Strategies

The effects of suburbanization can be examined from several aspects, but beyond the individual decisions that initiated it, the real estate market aspects, or the transformation of land use, the effects on local communities and their reactions are rarely highlighted in professional circles. In our work within the agglomeration of Bratislava, the Slovak capital, we researched individual and collective opinions on suburbanization, as well as the questions and potential conflict situations arising among members of the “host community.” A striking element of the study area is that migration also means a change in the linguistic environment, as the newcomers often arrive from a predominantly Slovakspeaking city to an area mostly inhabited by the Hungarian minority. This adds additional dimensions to suburbanization and the responses it generates. Experiences show that the municipalities affected by the process use independent, yet in certain respects similar, strategies to manage it, and as part of these strategies, the ethnic factor also appears prominently in some topics.

Effect of Customized Nutritious Breakfast and Nutrition Education on Nutritional Status of Preschool Children in Economically Underdeveloped Multi-Ethnic Areas: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial in Linxia, China.

The nutritional status of preschool children in economically underdeveloped multi-ethnic areas is a global concern. This study aimed to examine the effect of a 2.2-year cluster randomized clinical trial that provided customized nutritious breakfast and nutrition education to preschool children in Linxia County, China. A total of 578 children aged 3 to 6 years were enrolled. After the intervention, the incidence of undernourishment was significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control group (8.73% vs. 9.92%, OR = 0.01 [95%CI 0.00, 0.39], p = 0.014). Additionally, children with non-Muslim dietary habits had a lower incidence of undernourishment compared to those with Muslim dietary habits (OR = 0.05 [95%CI 0.00, 0.88]; p = 0.010). The intervention group also had a lower prevalence rate of wasting (OR = 0.02 [95%CI 0.00, 0.40]; p = 0.011) and a higher mean BMI-for-age Z-score (β = 1.05 [95%CI 0.32, 1.77]; p = 0.005) compared to the control group. These findings suggest that providing nutritious breakfast and nutrition education is an effective strategy to improve the nutrition and health of preschool children, particularly in economically disadvantaged regions and among children with Muslim dietary habits.

Collective fishing with representatives of indigenous peoples of the North as a legalization of fishing for non-indigenous rural residents in the Primorsky Krai

Rural population who lives in the same natural and cultural landscape, and sometimes within the same vil-lage, are differentiated in their rights to access natural resources. People classified as indigenous population of the North, Siberia and the Far East (KMNS), unlike officially non-indigenous population, receive legal access to various biological resources. Positive discrimination of particular groups, for various reasons attributed to ‘more’ indigenous, has been causing controversy among anthropologists and sociologists for several decades, espe-cially regarding the situation of non-indigenous residents of multi-ethnic rural areas who do not have the right of access to natural resources, while living in the same environment. In Russia, this problem is specifically relevant for the coastal regions of the Far East, where fish and salmon roe have been historically the most important re-source of self-sustainment for both indigenous residents and resettlers. Using the example of one of the coastal areas of Primorsky Krai, where representatives of indigenous and non-indigenous peoples live alongside each other, we show how unequal distribution of rights to extract natural resources affects communication between them. Based on semi-structured interviews, informal conversations and observations collected during the field research, we have found that individual salmon fishing quotas are becoming a way to partially legalize informal fishing. Villagers go out fishing with their fellow villagers, and in case of the appearance of law enforcement agen-cies, fishermen from among KMNS take full responsibility for the catch and fishing gear on themselves. Regard-less of nationality, rural residents consider it unfair that non-indigenous peoples, who live in the same natural and climatic conditions, and have similar to KMNS economy, have no rights to catch salmonids. Thus, against the background of allocation of quotas for salmonid catching only to indigenous fishermen, new practices of reproduc-tion of solidarity and reciprocity are emerging in multiethnic rural communities.

Social network dynamics in rural public spaces of multi-ethnic settlements: A case study from Tongren, China

In multi-ethnic rural settlements, a diversity of social relationships gives rise to various public spaces. The integration of cultures, propelled by urbanization, poses challenges to the unique characteristics of these rural public spaces. This process leads to issues such as the loss of cultural diversity, increased homogeneity of spaces, uneven distribution of public services, and low efficiency in space utilization, which seriously interfere with the healthy and sustainable development of rural social systems in multi-ethnic rural areas. This study, focusing on the rural public spaces in Tongren's multi-ethnic settlements, employs a social network analysis approach to investigate the implications of these spaces for the stability of rural community life and the preservation of cultural identities. A model for analyzing social networks in rural public spaces was developed, emphasizing overlapping patterns of user groups, activities, and spatial entities. Analysis of the social networks was conducted in three domains: emotional support, material exchange, and information dissemination. A semantic model was also constructed to understand the usage and structural networks within these public spaces. Comparative analyses between the usage and structural networks of rural public spaces were conducted to develop a comprehensive structural analysis system for these areas. Application of this system in analyzing the rural public spaces of Tongren revealed distinct findings. The connectivity of the structural network in Dongganmu Village's public spaces was found to be lower than that of the usage network, indicating that social factors heavily influence villagers' interactions. Furthermore, the number of small groups within the usage network was fewer than in the structural network, reflecting a lack of hierarchy in public space organization. Villagers’ preferences for public spaces were primarily influenced by cultural beliefs rather than spatial accessibility. The insights garnered from this study not only contribute to the understanding of social network structures in rural public spaces within multi-ethnic settlements but also provide a foundation for informed decision-making regarding the sustainable development of these areas.

Knowledge of ethnic minorities in the central highlands region of Vietnam – viewed from development resources

Over the last few decades, when researching ethnic minority communities, researchers have increasingly focused on the local knowledge assets that the community has amassed through productive labour and life organisation. The Central Highlands is a multi-ethnic area that still retains various and distinct sources of traditional knowledge, which play a crucial role in the community's long-term development. Based on the materials gathered, the paper primarily examines the function of indigenous knowledge as a development resource in the Central Highlands region.

Alcohol Consumption Patterns for Excessive Drinkers in a Multi-Ethnic Society Short Running Title: Drinking Patterns and Health Education.

Culture and eating habits, which vary greatly across different ethnic groups, have a substantial impact on drinking behavior. This study aimed to examine whether the drinking patterns and reasons differ by ethnic groups, and provide useful insights for multi-ethnic areas that seek to cut down alcohol intake. We recruited excessive drinkers and collected the drinking patterns and motivations by questionnaire in a multi-ethnic society. Multiple linear regressions were used to evaluate the variations in drinking characteristics among different ethnic groups. We recruited 1287 participants through convenience sampling (a non-probability sampling technique used in research where the researcher selects participants or units for a study based on their accessibility and proximity), among whom 439 excessive drinkers were eligible. The mean age was 38 years for the 439 participants, 92.9% were men, 36.0% were Han, and 64.0% were minorities mainly composed of the Yi. The majority of the participants were married (75.9%) and did physical work (58.1%). Ethnic minorities consumed more alcohol on a single occasion than Han people did (47.3 vs 41.8g/session) while drinking less frequently. For the minority and Han participants, 67% and 42% were not used to drinking with food, respectively. Peer pressure and fostering a good atmosphere were the most common drinking reasons for the minority and Han, respectively. We found substantial differences in drinking patterns and reasons between ethnic minorities and Han ethnicity, attributable to their culture and customs. Findings highlight the importance of drinking habits and motivations in exploring alcohol control education strategies in the context of ethnic integration and population immigration.

The Acehnese Language Use in South Aceh Regency: A Sociolinguistic Analysis

PurposeThis study aimed to find out how the Acehnese language is used by residents in the South Aceh Regency.MethodThis research used a qualitative approach with documentary studies, meta-ethnographic research, field studies, focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. The instruments used comprised data analysis forms, observation forms, focus group discussion guidelines, and in-depth interview guidelines. Data were analyzed qualitatively using the theory and concept of sociolinguistics Results/findingsThis study demonstrated that speakers of the Acehnese language in the South Aceh Regency came from distinct places than those in other Aceh regencies. The performance comprised performances in Acehnese language with and without acculturation of other languages, performances in Acehnese language with acculturation of the Aneuk Jamee language, performances in Acehnese language with acculturation of the Kluet language, performances in Acehnese language with acculturation of the Aneuk Jamee and Kluet languages, and performances in Acehnese language with acculturation of the Indonesian language. Conclusion The performance resulted from the presence of Acehnese speakers in multiethnic areas (Aneuk Jamee and Kluet tribes). Acehnese speakers have been encouraged to integrate with these tribes by their living conditions. Seeking a language that enables them to communicate with one another was the outward manifestation of these adaptation efforts.

Innovation in Developing Indonesian Language Learning Media Based on Problems to Enhance Critical Thinking Skills of Students in Multi-Ethnic Primary Schools

This research aimed to explore the effectiveness of innovation in developing Indonesian language learning media based on problems to enhance the critical thinking skills of elementary school students in multi-ethnic areas. The research method used was an experiment with a pre-test and post-test design on the same subjects, involving one group of students who use problem-based learning media. This research was conducted in South Jakarta, which has a population of students from diverse ethnic backgrounds. The number of respondents was 27 from various ethnic groups. During the research period, data on critical thinking skills were collected through validated assessment instruments, taking into account the multi-ethnic context. Data analysis indicated that students who used problem-based learning media experienced a significant improvement in their critical thinking skills compared to the control group. This improvement was reflected in students' abilities to analyze information, evaluate arguments, and produce vital and reflective thinking in the context of the diverse Indonesian language.

Teacher perceptions of parent collaboration in multi-ethnic ECEC settings

IntroductionFor teachers working in multi-ethnic early childhood education and care settings, a strong collaboration with parents may be an important mechanism for supporting young children's language development. However, little research has investigated how teachers perceive their communication with parents from diverse backgrounds and what centre-level factors predict the quality of teacher-parent collaboration.MethodsThis study sought to explore teacher-parent collaboration within early childhood education and care in urban multi-ethnic areas of Norway, using survey data from 266 teachers across 56 centres and 198 classrooms. We examined whether teacher characteristics (education, experience and self-efficacy) and centre linguistic diversity were related to teacher perceived communication with parents regarding ways of supporting children's dual language development and teacher experienced challenges in parent collaboration.ResultsResults revealed that teachers with higher self-efficacy communicated more with parents and experienced less challenges in collaboration with them. Furthermore, more experienced teachers working in more linguistically diverse centres identified more challenges in parent collaboration, while these characteristics were not related to communication. Teacher education was not associated with communication nor challenges in parent collaboration.DiscussionOur results indicate that professional development measures targeted at strengthening teacher self-efficacy might be an important mechanism to promote parent collaboration, particularly in multi-ethnic education settings.

Image of Gorizia’s Healthy Environment and of Gorizia as the “Austrian Nice” between Enlightenment and Nationalisms

Carl von Czörnig’s image of Gorizia and its surroundings as the “Austrian Nice” or, more precisely, his work Görz Oesterreich’s Nizza; nebst einer Darstellung des Landes Görz und Gradisca (1873–1874) contributed to the development of the climatic health resort in Gorizia. The belief in the healthy climate and clean waters of the Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca was already present and also attracted some respectable, albeit few, visitors. The scientific basis of this belief very likely comes from the work Clima Goritiense (1781), written by Anton Muznik, chief provincial physician of the Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca. Czörnig’s work, which connects several historiographical traditions of the wider area, belongs to the period of increasing national conflicts. In the context of Central European multi-ethnic areas of the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, national relations should also be taken into consideration when researching the tourist development of a certain destination or, better yet, its stagnation.

Identifikasi Faktor-faktor Kerukunan dalam Masyarakat Multietnis

The development of ethnic diversity in Indonesia poses challenges in social interactions. This study aims to identify the factors influencing inter-ethnic harmony in the Jalan Gajah Mada area, Denpasar. Using a qualitative approach, data were obtained through observations and interviews. The results show that intense inter-ethnic interactions support cultural acculturation, reduce conflicts, and enhance harmony. Factors such as tolerance, cultural exchange, and economic harmonization play crucial roles in creating a harmonious environment. In conclusion, understanding these factors is important for maintaining progress and harmony in multi-ethnic areas like Jalan Gajah Mada, Denpasar, and can be applied in other regions facing similar conflicts. The research findings indicate two factors in each dimension, with the general cooperation factor being the most dominant at 49.176%, followed by non-religious tolerance at 42.351%, freedom of religion at 41.858%, support for inter-ethnic humanitarianism at 26.290%, inter-ethnic cooperation at 20.838%, and finally inter-religious tolerance at 20.107%.

Ethnic differentiation in the internal spatial configuration of vernacular dwellings in the multi-ethnic region in Xiangxi, China from the perspective of cultural diffusion

Understanding the cultural characteristics and evolution of traditional dwellings in the context of ethnic integration is of great significance for protecting the diversity of residential cultural heritage of ethnic minorities. This article compares the ethnic differences in the internal spatial configuration of vernacular dwellings in Xiangxi region, China, a typical multi-ethnic area where “line-shaped” dwellings are prevalent among the Miao, Dong, Yao, Tujia, and Han groups. This study found that the spatial sequence, ritual axis, importance of fireplace, spatial hierarchy, and privacy of bedrooms of each ethnic group's dwellings present a trend towards Han’s dwelling culture in the order of "Western Miao, Southern Dong, Northern Dong, Yao, Eastern Miao, Tujia". Based on the analysis of the lifestyles, ethnic customs, and historical development processes of ethnic minorities, this study identifies that the main reasons for the formation of the aforementioned sequence lie in the differences in the historical diffusion patterns and paths of Han culture in Xiangxi. This article analyses the ethnicity of minority residential culture in Xiangxi and its spatial configuration formation process, revealing the relationship between the spatial effect of Han cultural diffusion pattern and the spatial difference pattern of each ethnic group's vernacular dwelling space configuration, and expanding the connotation of "cultural genotypes" in multi-ethnic areas.

Exploring the Cross-cultural Journey of Tibetan Medicine in Modern China: A Case Study in Rebgong

Tibetan medicine, also known as Sowa Rigpa (the science of healing) is the traditional medicine indigenous to Tibetan peoples across the Himalayas and the Tibetan plateau. Historically, its aetiology, nosology, treatments, and training have been closely connected to Tibetan Buddhism, language, and environments. The last three or four decades of standardisation and commercialisation in China and beyond have brought Tibetan medicine, ideas, experts, and institutions to new patient groups and new markets. This study investigates the ways in which Tibetan medicine has moved out of Tibetan communities to transcend cultural and ethnic boundaries in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) today. Focusing on users of Tibetan medicine in Rebgong, a multiethnic border area known to Tibetans as Amdo and located in the PRC’s Qinghai Province, the study explores and analyses how Tibetan medicine is perceived and used by diverse groups. Based on ethnographic fieldwork that combines formal and informal interviews with Tibetan doctors and both Tibetan and non-Tibetan patients (including Hui Muslims and Han Chinese), it investigates the motivations and experiences of users, their perceptions and assessments of its efficacy, and the nature of clinical encounters.

Motto Hen Tecahi Yo Onomi T’mar Ni Hanased: Contextualization Religious Moderation in Port Numbay (Jayapura City)

Hen Tecahi Yo Onomi T'mar Ni Hanased is a motto that describes Port Numbay (Jayapura City). The contextualization of the motto is not only a symbol of writing, but also has implications for the values of religious moderation in Jayapura City. The purpose of this study is to provide an analysis of the implications of the contextualization of the Jayapura city motto on the values of religious moderation. The qualitative content analysis method is used as an approach in this study. The results showed that the motto Hen Tecahi Yo Onomi T'mar Ni Hanased is a form of representation of local wisdom of Port Numbay. The motto has been attached to the community in Jayapura City, even textually the motto is written in many office agencies, government agencies, road balio, and school agencies. The contextualization of the motto contains religious moderation values that describe the life of the people of Jayapura City. The values of religious moderation reflected in the motto are the values of tolerance, unity, accommodating local culture, and creating religious harmony. Given that Jayapura City is known as a multi-ethnic area. So that the strengthening of the contextualization of the motto makes Port Numbay a peaceful city.

UKRAINIAN-BULGARIAN MUTUAL INFLUENCE IN THE MULTIETHNIC AREA OF THE DANUBE-DNIESTER INTERFLUVE

The article deals with the study of the Ukrainian-Bulgarian interdialectal and interlingual influence in the multiethnic and multilingual area in the south of Ukraine, in the interfluve of Dniester and Danube. Polylingualism, dialectal diversity, the state and functioning of the South Bessarabian Ukrainian and Bulgarian dialects have been actively studied since the mid-twentieth century, but no comparative studies and comprehensive analysis of the linguistic situation and modern interference have been conducted, so work in this area is relevant and necessary. The dialects of different languages of the studied area have been unevenly studied descriptively and linguogeographically. Descriptive studies describe the structure of individual dialect systems, analyze certain structural levels, mainly in comparison with the literary language and within the principles of national dialectological schools, but practically ignore the territorially adjacent and mixed dialects belonging to different languages and the processes of interference. The purpose of this paper is to study two types of Ukrainian-Bulgarian mutual influence: at the interdialectal level and the influence of the Ukrainian literary language on the Bulgarian dialects of the Odesa region. The task is to systematize and generalize the phenomena of interference between two contacting languages and their dialects. The material of the study was based on authors’ own observations during field dialectological expeditions to the region, as well as material selected from the corpus of already published descriptions of individual dialect systems of South Bessarabian Ukrainian and Bulgarian dialects. It is noted that some Turkisms in Ukrainian dialects are borrowed through the mediation of Bulgarian diasystems and, moreover, constitute a corpus of regional integratisms. Two types of the latest borrowings from the Ukrainian literary language have been documented: a) officialese vocabulary which replaces previously used similar units of Russian-language origin; b) precedent statements and expressive vocabulary. It is stated that today there is no systemic Ukrainian-Bulgarian interference, but instead numerous borrowings are documented, the source of which is television and school.

Research on the Inheritance and Development of Traditional Sports and Cultural Resources of Ganzi Minority Ethnic Groups

Ganzi region, located in Sichuan Province of China, is a multi-ethnic area with rich and diverse traditional sports and cultural resources of ethnic minorities. The purpose of this paper is to study the inheritance and development of traditional sports and cultural resources of ethnic minorities in Ganzi region. Through field research and literature study in Ganzi region, this paper explores the traditional sports and cultural resources in Ganzi region, including Tibetan chess, Tibetan equestrianism, and Tibetan archery, as well as their roles in the local society and university education. The paper also analyzes the challenges and opportunities for the development of the heritage of traditional sports and cultural resources, and makes some suggestions to promote the heritage and development of these valuable cultural resources. The inheritance and development of traditional sports culture of ethnic minorities in the Ganzi region is of great significance for the preservation of cultural heritage, the promotion of national identity, physical and mental health and social development.

Ethnic differences in prostate cancer presentation: a time for testing advocacy.

It is recognised that there are ethnic variations in prostate cancer (PCa) epidemiology, affecting outcomes. South Asians (SA) are less likely to be diagnosed with PCa than others, although recent evidence shows PCa is rising amongst SA. This study examines the differences between ethnicities in PCa presentation, progression risk and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing use. This retrospective study is on biopsy-diagnosed PCa patients from a multi-ethnic area in London. We grouped ethnicities as SA, White, Black and others, compared presenting symptoms, PSA, Gleason score (GS), and clinical stage, and estimated the D'Amico risk across ethnicities. We also evaluated if the presentation was due to symptoms or an elevated PSA. We studied 1176 patients with biopsy-proven PCa. Black patients were diagnosed about 3years before others (65 ± 8.8years, p = < 0.001). There was no significant difference between ethnicities in presenting PSAs. At presentation, 65-71% were in the high-risk D'Amico category across all ethnicities. SA were least likely to have PSA test-detected cancers (38%, p = 0.001) and had the highest proportion with advanced GS (30.6%). There was no significant difference in the risk of disease progression between groups. Black men were diagnosed youngest. SA had the highest proportion with advanced GS. Most ethnicities had a high risk of progression. SA had the least PSA test-detected cases. The significance of the study lies in understanding ethnic variations in PCa, which could direct targeted prevention and management. We recommend further ethnicity studies and interventions encouraging SA men to embrace PSA testing.

The Influence of Language Contact on the Usages of xən35 in Duyun Dialect

Duyun has been a multi-ethnic area since ancient times, and its grammar has been influenced by both Chinese and local minority languages. This paper is intended to compare the usages of the hen-family in Duyun dialect, Mandarin, and minority languages from the perspective of language contact, and to trace the origin of xən35 in Duyun dialect by examining the evolution of hen in Chinese. It is proposed that the prepositive usage of xən35 is a historical continuation of hen in Chinese during the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, while the postpositive usage of xən35 is influenced by the local minority languages. The distinctive usages of xən35 in Duyun dialect are due to language contact.

Social and clinical risk factors associated with hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Brussels's deprived and multiethnic areas.

In Belgium, the Brussels-Capital region was severely affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. Various hypotheses were mentioned in order to explain Brussels' excess disease spreading and mortality rate, but socioeconomic risk factors are increasingly recognized. This study's objective was to analyze clinical and social profiles of patients hospitalized for COVID-19, by nationality groups, in two hospitals located in Brussels's deprived and multiethnic areas. Data covered hospitalized COVID-19 patients from two Brussels hospitals (n = 787) between the 1st of March 2020 and the 31st of June 2020. Social data was collected using hospital records, and clinical data was extracted from hospitals' COVID-19 databases. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) of the association between two outcomes (Intensive Care Unit admission and mortality) and risk factors (social and clinical). Patients from Sub-Saharan Africa were younger, had a higher prevalence of obesity, lacked health insurance, and had the highest proportion of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission (27.7%) but the lowest mortality rates than other nationality groups. Patients from North Africa had a higher prevalence of diabetes compared to other nationality groups and a high proportion of European patients came from nursing homes. Patients deprived of health insurance had a higher risk of ICU admission compared to those who had insurance (OR IC95%; 1,9 1.1-3.6, p = 0.03). Other risk factors as sex and obesity were significantly associated to ICU admission and, age and hypertension were significantly associated to mortality. Social and clinical profile of the patients differs between the nationality groups, and some risk factors for Intensive Care Unit admission and mortality were linked to more patients' precarious situation as the availability of health insurance. This study underlines the role of selected social health determinants and the importance of routinely collecting social along with clinical data.