Multienzyme Composition Research Articles

Изучение процесса ферментативного гидролиза предобработанной биомассы мискантуса

Forests being mostly non-renewable, miscanthus seems to be a promising alternative energy resource. This study investigates the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated miscanthus biomass. The research featured Miscanthus sinensis Strictus biomass. The methods included raw material pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) of monosaccharide residues, and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectrometry of non-hydrolyzed lignin. A hammer mill with a particle size of 0.2–0.3 mm proved to be effective for preliminary mechanical processing of miscanthus. This type of treatment provided the maximal yield of carbohydrate-containing biomass (62.33 ± 1.87%). The optimal multi-enzyme composition included Cellulase Ultra obtained from Trichoderma reeseii, xylanase obtained from Thermomyces lanuginosus, and β-gluconase obtained from Myceliophtorafergusii. The fermentation temperature was 50 ± 1°C (72 ± 1 h). At these parameters, the conversion of holocellulose of miscanthus biomass was 96.0 ± 4.8%, and the yield of reducing substances was 97.00 ± 4.85%. The article introduces the optimal enzymatic hydrolysis parameters for pretreating Miscanthus sinensis Strictus biomass as a source of carbohydrate-containing substrates and describes their subsequent use for bacterial cellulose biosynthesis. The carbohydrate composition of hydrolysates included residual lignin, such polysaccharides as glucan and xylan, and various monosaccharides, namely arabinose, xylose, galactose, glucose, and uronic acids. Hydrolyzed miscanthus proved to be an effective renewable and environmentally friendly biodiesel.

Intensification of ethyl alcohol technology due to multienzyme composition

The effect of the complex enzyme preparation Bruzaym BGX on the viscosity of rye kneading was studied. The dynamics of glucose accumulation in the wort is shown, as well as the possibility of reducing the dosage of glucoamylase when using a multi-enzyme complex at the stage of water-heat treatment. The effect of the enzyme complex on the fermentation kinetics of rye wort was studied. It was found that the use of a multienzyme complex at the stage of water-heat treatment allows one to increase the glucose content in the wort by 34.7 %, compared with the control. This increases the yield of alcohol by 1.4 decalitres/t of conditional starch, reduces the duration of fermentation to 50 – 52 hours and reduces the total content of impurities in the mature brew by 10%.

A new method for determining of the effectiveness of feed enzymes

Recently, there is no single universally recognized and standard method for determining the activity of enzymes that destroy non-starchy polysaccharides (NPS). Each manufacturer of NPS enzymes uses its own approach, as well as its own analytical conditions (pH, temperature, substrate, etc.). In practice, the determination of enzyme activity shows the activity of a specific enzyme that is part of a commercial product. This creates difficulties for consumers in orienting and comparing this variety of available products on the market. In this paper Scientific and Research Center “Cherkizovo” proposed to use the concept of “enzyme efficiency” and developed a new method for its analysis. It has been demonstrated that the final product of the enzymatic reaction can act as a working indicator of the efficiency of the enzyme. As a result, it has been shown that different enzyme complexes contribute to the different release of free simple sugars in an aqueous colloidal solution of crushed grain incubated at a temperature of 39 °C with the efficiency of 6 to 160 % compare with control. For example, in wheat the increase in the release of sugars (i.e. efficiency of multi enzyme mixtures) it ranged from 22 to 76 %, in barley it was from 11 to 160 %, in corn it was from 6 to 74 %, in grain mixtures it was from 18 to 60 %. The authors demonstrate the simple way to evaluate the effectiveness of enzymes and suggest using it as a preliminary result when evaluating the possibility of selecting the effective multi enzyme composition for a specific diet and a specific feedstock, including non-traditional. This will allow a preliminary evaluation of the effectiveness of feed enzymes for specific raw materials and diets.

Optimization of protein quality and level in pigs’ diets to reduce nitrogen excretion in pork production

Livestock is a significant source of reactive nitrogen in the environment. It is estimated that of the total amount of NH3 and N2O released into the environment as a result of human activities, about 70 % and 30 %, respectively, are formed in the livestock industry. Reducing the protein content of the diet is an effective way to reduce the excretion of N in pig urine. This can be done by improving the amino acid balance, which leads to a reduction in excess protein in the diet. Without the right combination of amino acids in the diet is inconceivable efficient and cost-effective production of livestock products. Two physiological balance experiments were conducted on the basis of the physiological yard of the Institute of Pig Breeding and APV NAAS to optimize nitrogen emissions of pigs into the environment. The first study on the optimization of nitrogen emissions by pigs under the conditions of combined use of plant and animal resources of feed protein for this purpose was formed 2 research groups of 8 heads each. The first group received a normal diet, the second received feed using plant and animal sources of feed protein. The second investigated the optimization of nitrogen emissions by pigs under conditions of reduced protein levels in diets using balancing amino acids and multienzyme compositions. To conduct a physiological balance experiment, three groups of pigs of 6 heads each were formed. The first group received a standard diet, the second with a reduced protein content and the addition of balancing amino acids, the third the second with a reduced protein content and the addition of balancing amino acids and multi-enzyme complex. It was found that the use of experimental diets with low fiber and anti-nutritional factors that use combined sources of protein nitrogen excretion in animals is likely to decrease, and the efficiency of nitrogen use increases by 3.12 % (p≤0.05) and 2.88 % (p≤0.05) from digested. Nitrogen uptake rates by animals receiving feeds with low dietary protein content but with the addition of balancing amino acids and multi-enzyme complex were at the level of animals in the control group. Nitrogen was released using a low-protein diet with the addition of balancing amino acids and (or) multi-enzyme complex, and the environment was lower by 8.71 % in the first and 11.23 % in the second experimental group. Key words: pigs, nitrogen, excretion, protein, amino acids, digestibility, multienzyme composition, low-protein diet, balancing

Selecting multi-enzyme composition and preparation conditions for strong wort

Abstract: Development of sustainable biotechnologies for deep processing of grain raw materials requires effective mechanisms of obtaining strong wort for alcohol production. To provide qualitative characteristics of biochemical composition and rheological properties of strong wort, it is necessary to select optimal enzyme systems and conditions for deep conversion of high-molecular weight polymers of the grain. Previous research has proven the efficiency of carbohydrases for processing grain raw materials. However, there is little evidence on the catalytic effect of phytase, including in combination with other hydrolytic enzymes, on the degree of hydrolysis of polymers in grain raw materials when preparing strong wort. This paper demonstrates the effect of proteases and phytases in a multi-enzyme composition, as well as the conditions of enzymatic processing of raw materials, on the rheological and biochemical parameters of strong wort. Wheat, rye and corn were investigated. The synergism of the combined effect of studied hydrolases, including phytolytic and proteolytic enzymes, contributed to an increase in polymer conversion in this grain raw material and the concentration of soluble dry substances of the wort by 1.5 times. Using the proteases and phytases in the multienzyme composition allowed the concentration of the following components in the wort to be increased: glucose – by 1.2–1.3 times; amine nitrogen – by 1.5–2.2 times; phosphorus ions – by 1.4–4.3 times. Additionally, in the wort samples, the content of amino acids in the free form increased by over 4 times. It is shown that the pretreatment of grain raw materials at a temperature of 80–90ºС for 6 hours and saccharification for 1–2 hours using a complete complex of enzymes containing α-amylase, glucoamylase, xylanase, protease and phytase, allows a strong wort with a dry matter content of over 30% to be obtained. Moreover, a significant decrease in viscosity was noted (particularly for rye wort – by 1.3–1.9 times). Our results confirm the essential role of enzymes exhibiting substrate specificity to protein and phytic polymers in grain raw materials.

Environmentally-friendly enzyme compositions in animal feeding

The realization of the genetic potential of farm animals is first of all determined by the complete feeding, which is determined by its balance in accordance with the needs of animals with a certain physiological state and level of productivity. The study of enzyme compositions in the feeding of mammalian farm animals that promote better digestion of incoming nutrients is an urgent issue. Feed enzymes not only increase the digestibility of individual feed components, but also allow you to increase the rate of input of inexpensive raw materials “rich” in anti-nutritional factors without compromising the health and productivity of the animal. The purpose of the research was to study the use of enzyme compositions in the feeding of cattle and pigs. The results of the study of enzyme compositions in the rations of lactating cows during the period of increasing the milk yield and pigs during the period of rearing and fattening have been presented in the article. The input of enzyme additives with a cellulolytic effect in the rations of cows had the positive effect on the digestibility of nutrients in the feeding ration, milk productivity, and the composition of milk. During the first 100 days of lactation milk with natural fat content was produced from cows of the 1st experimental group by 5,5 % more and from cows of the 2nd experimental group by 13,8 % more than from animals of the control group. In terms of 4 % milk the animals of the 1st experimental group exceeded the control analogues by 7,32 % and in the 2nd group by 18,1 %. The input of 1 kg/t of feed in the diet of the multienzyme composition “Kemzaym W” animals allowed us to get 81,7 kg of additional gain, more profi t compared to the 1st experimental group, where the additional gain was 24,7 kg. The use of the multienzyme composition “Kemzaym W” in the amount of 1 kg/t in the diets of young pigs had the positive effect on the digestibility of raw nutrients, on the increase in live weight and average daily gains, on the yield of meat and the quality of carcasses.

Synthesis of Bioethanol from Oat Husk via Enzyme-Substrate Feeding

A promising way of utilizing oat husks is its bioconversion into technical bioethanol. Ways of increasing the concentration of bioethanol in the mash must be found to increase the economic efficiency of the process. A combination of enzymatic hydrolysis and alcoholic fermentation (combined biocatalytic stages, or CBS) can be used to obtain bioethanol. In addition, delayed introduction of the inoculum can be used when combining stages. In this work, a comparative study is performed of the CBS processes with an initial substrate concentration of 60 g/L (one-time substrate loading) and an increased substrate concentration of 120 g/L after enzyme–substrate feeding (loading the substrate at a concentration of 60 g/L at the beginning of the process and feeding 30 g/L of the substrate after 4 and 8 hours. The substrate is oat husks treated with 4 wt % nitric acid in a pilot plant; a multi-enzyme composition of industrial preparations Cellolux-A and Ultraflo Core is used for enzymatic hydrolysis. Alcohol is fermented using the yeast Saccharomyces сerevisiae Y-1693 (VKPM). The equipment is a fermenter with a capacity of 11 L. Feeding with a doubled concentration of the substrate raises the concentration of bioethanol by 1.7 times (from 2.4 to 4.0 vol %) but lowers its yield by 11.4%. Make-up regimes are being developed that ensure higher concentrations of bioethanol in the mash without reducing its yield.

A Multicomponent Biocatalyzer for Use in Processing Plant-Based Raw Materials

Results from a study of the efficiency of Glucanofoetidine (a domestic enzyme preparation with a wide spectrum of action obtained at the Institute of Food Biotechnology) when applied to grain and fruit and berry raw materials show a 7‒18% increase in the yield of extractive substances (amino acids, sugars, phenolic compounds, carotenoids), including biologically active components (tocopherols, anthocyanins, vitamins), along with improved quality and a 10–44% increase in the yield of target products (juices and extracts). The practical importance of using Glucanofoetidine lies in the more rational use of plant raw materials than in the traditional technology with no enzymatic processing, and in the considerable shortening of the technological process (by half). The multienzyme composition of Glucanofoetidine determines the prospects for its use in the juice and fruit drink, confectionery, brewing, oil and fat, and bakery industries.

A multicomponent biocatalyst for vegetable feedstock processing

he improvement of technologies for the production of foodstuffs and dietary supplements from vegetable feedstock using natural and efficient biocatalytic systems is a promising direction in the development of agroindustrial complex. At present, enzyme preparations produced in Russia are virtually absent at the market; therewith, high cost of their imported analogs increases the prime cost of products. A study on efficiency of the domestic broad-spectrum enzyme preparation Glucanofoetidin, which was developed at the Russian Scientific Research Institute of Food Biotechnology, toward fruit and berry feedstock and corn showed an increase in the yield of extractive substances (amino acids, sugars, phenol compounds, and carotenoids), particularly the biologically active components (tocopherols, anthocyanins, and vitamins), by 7–18 % as well as the quality improvement and an increase in the yield of target products (juices and extracts) by 10–44 %. Practical importance of Glucanofoetidin consists in a more rational use of vegetable feedstock as compared to conventional technology without enzymatic treatment, and also in a considerable (twofold) shortening of the process time. The multienzyme composition of Glucanofoetidin makes it promising for use in juice, confectionary, brewing, oil-and-fat and baking industries.

The production of bioethanol from oat hulls by enzyme-substrate replenishment

A promising way for oat hulls utilization is their bioconversion to industrial bioethanol. To improve economic efficiency of the process, it is necessary to increase the concentration of bioethanol in the wash. Here, bioethanol was produced using a combination of enzymatic hydrolysis and alcoholic fermentation, i.e. a combination of biocatalytic steps; in addition, a delayed introduction of inoculum was used. The aim of the work was a comparative study of the indicated processes at the initial concentration of substrate 60 g/l (single loading of the substrate) and upon its increase to 120 g/l by enzyme-substrate replenishment (loading of the substrate in the concentration 60 g/l at the beginning of the process, and replenishment after 4 and 8 h with 30 g/l of the substrate). The substrate was represented by oat hulls treated with 4 wt.% nitric acid on a pilot production plant; enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out using a multienzyme composition of commercial enzyme preparations Cellolux-A and Ultraflo Core; alcoholic fermentation was performed with the yeast Saccharomyces сerevisiae Y-1693 (Russian Collection of Industrial Microorganisms); equipment – a fermenter of volume 11 l. A twofold increase in the substrate concentration via the replenishment led to an increase in bioethanol concentration by a factor of 1.7 (from 2.4 to 4.0 vol.%) but decreased its yield by 11.4 %. The replenishment modes providing an increased concentration of bioethanol in the wash without a decrease in its yield are under development.

Влияние мультэнзимной композиции на степень черствости батонов нарезных из пшеничной хлебопекарной муки высшего сорта

Влияние мультэнзимной композиции на степень черствости батонов нарезных из пшеничной хлебопекарной муки высшего сорта

The influence of probiotic additives or multienzyme composition on blood biochemical parameters and milk quality of Lithuanian Black-and-White cattle

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to determine the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, multienzyme composition supplementation on milk yield, quality, blood biochemical parameters of Lithuanian-Black-and-White cows. For this reason 28 cows were divided into four groups (three experimental and one control) each with seven cows fed balanced ration (control group) and following experimental groups: addition of 40g supplement of live yeast with organic selenium (group A); 40g supplement of live yeast with aromatic additives (group B); and 0.2g supplement of multienzyme composition (group C) during a 90 days period. The study showed that milk yield was 2.64%, 1.75%, 1.4% higher in groups A, B, C respectively, comparing with the control group. The milk SCC in experimental groups were lower comparing to the control group. The percentage of milk fat was significantly higher in group A - 0.33%, B - 0.31% and C - 0.16% comparing with the control group. All used additives ensure positive dynamics of investigated biochemical parameters in cattle blood. The results indicated that probiotic additives and multienzyme composition supplementation to dairy cows increased cows productivity and milk fat as well. Probiotic additives supplementation decreased SCC values in milk.

Rational design of enzyme compositions for the production of functional hydrolysates of cow milk whey proteins

The design of enzyme compositions for the preparation of functional hydrolysates of whey proteins is studied. Analysis of the protein profiles of the whey from hard, semihard, and soft cheeses showed that the whey contains 50–63% β-lactoglobulin, 19–20% α-lactalbumin, and up to 11% κ-casein. According to the protein profile, the whey from Circassian cheese contains 76% casein (α-, β-, and κ-casein), 12% β-lactoglobulin, and 12% α-lactalbumin. Based on the in silico analysis, the rational design of a multienzyme composition was carried out for the hydrolysis of whey with a known protein composition taking into account the content of amino acid descriptors of biological activity and bitter taste. For the hydrolysis of whey from hard (Montazio), soft (Mozzarella and Gorgonzola), and semihard (Caciotta) cheeses, the determined optimum ratio of the Protamex and Alcalase enzymes was 3.0: 1.0% (90 min, 50°С). For soft pickled unripened cheese (Circassian), the optimum ratio of the Thermolysin and Alcalase enzymes was 2.0: 1.0% (60°С, 120 min). The use of the bioinformatics approach made it possible to obtain hydrolysates with acceptable organoleptic properties and predetermined antioxidant (400–500 μM TE/g protein) and antihypertensive (IC50 537–2500 mg protein/L) activities.

Investigation of the effect of preliminary treatment of cranberry berries with a multi-enzyme composition on the chemical composition of juice

The article presents the investigation results of red whortleberry chemical composition juices, obtained with using of pre-enzymatic treatment of red whortleberries and without enzymatic preparations. It was found that the application of a composition pectinase and glucanase enzyme preparations РесtinехХХL, Rapidaza CR, Bryuzzaym BGX, LаminехВG2 can significantly increase the yield in juice of natural ingredients and functional food ingredients – organic acids, sugars, proteins (1.2–1.3 times), vitamin C (1.5–1.6 times), bioactive polyphenolic compounds (1.2–1.3 times), including flavones and flavonols (5.4–5.9 times), anthocyanins (1.2–1.3 times), proanthocyanidins (1.3–2.0 times), catechin (1.7 times). The most effective is composition on the base Rapidaza CR andLаminехВG2.The application of thiscomposition leads to increased juice output on 26%. The food value description of red whortleberry juice, obtained with using of the composition on the base Rapidaza CR andLаminехВG2, have been represented. The dates of some organic acids content such as fruit acids (citric acid, malic acid) and phenolic acid (benzoicacid) have been obtained. It was found that the extraction of citric and malic acids increases in 1.3 times and 2.1 times respectively and benzoicacid – in 1.4 times. Themineral composition of red whortleberry juice have been investigated. Potassium is a leaderin the yield of macro elements, it is noticed the high quality content of phosphorus and calcium and the presence of magnesium and sodium.Аluminium, manganese, silicon, iron, zinc, silver and chromium have been determined in the yield of micro elements of red whortleberry juice.It is shown that a preliminary enzymatic treatment of red whortleberry can improve the juice mineral composition.The dates illustrate the efficiency of enzyme composition application for preliminary treatment of red whortleberry as demonstrated by significant improvement of juice chemical composition by the additional extraction of healthy components, natural antioxidants, preservatives, food coloringthat increase juice food valueand hence technological characteristics.

Effect of technological parameters the process of ethanol production in the saccharification of barley

Tenderized saccharification process is a mass of the cores in the production of ethanol from starch-containing raw materials. Saccharification of starchy raw materials needed because main production races alcohol yeast do not synthesize and amylolytic enzymes are not able to use in their metabolism Nepo-starch, facility and internalize only mono – and disaccharides. The main aim is to obtain a mash saccharification with a high content of fermentable carbohydrates. The main objective is to obtain a saccharification wort with a high con-zhaniem fermentable carbohydrates. From the course of the saccharification process, the quality of the alcohol depends on the completeness of the fermentation of starch raw materials and product yield. On saccharification sodden mass affected by temperature, pH, glucoamylase dosage and duration of the process. From these factors depend technical-economic production figures. Saccharification boiled barley weight carried glucoamylase enzyme preparation bios 800 A at the rate of 6.0 units per g starch SFS. Control is tenderized weight obtained using one enzyme preparation Alfaferm 3500 A at a dose of 1.0 units per g starch AS. Saccharification takes place at a temperature of 50–65 0 C and pH 4.0–5.5 for 120 minutes. pH was adjusted weight tenderized by making it in sulfuric acid. The saccharification process dynamics studied glucose accumulation in the barley wort in function of temperature, pH, and the dosage of glucoamylase. Samples for glucose determination were taken every 30 minutes. At a temperature of 65 0 C in the first 30 minutes of the accumulation of glucose goes fast, then suddenly slows down, it is possible due to the inactivation of glucoamylase due to changes in the structure of the enzyme molecule. The maximum amount of glucose stored at a temperature of 60 0 C and 11.1 g / cm3, which corresponds to the optimum action of glucoamylase enzyme preparation used. The concentration of hydrogen ions (pH) has a multifaceted effect on the process of saccharification. On the one hand alter H + ionization of the active site of glucoamylase conformational state and, on the other hand influence the stability of the tertiary structure of glucoamylase. Maximum glucose accumulation is observed at pH 4.5 and 11.9 g / cm3. With increasing the glucoamylase dosage increases the effective formation of enzyme-substrate complexes, and hence the rate of hydrolysis of starch. When applying multienzyme complex observed increase in the amount of glucose by 34.7%, compared with the control. The degree of starch hydrolysis increases as it becomes more accessible to the action of saccharifying enzymes by the hydrolysis of proteins and membranes barley containing hemicellulose. Application of multienzyme composition allows to reduce the consumption of glucoamylase to 4.0 units per g starch SFS, SFS instead of 6.0 units per gram of starch in control.

Kinetics of the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials at different concentrations of the substrate

The kinetics of the enzymatic hydrolysis of two substrates—lignocellulosic materials from Miscanthus and oat hulls—in an acetate buffer is studied at different concentrations of the substrates. The substrates are obtained via single-step treatment with a dilute solution of nitric acid. The content of a nonhydrolyzable component—acid-insoluble lignin—for Miscanthus and oat hulls was 11 and 14%, respectively. A multi-enzyme composition of commercially available enzyme preparations CelloLux-A and BrewZyme BGX was used as a catalyst. It is shown that treatment with the nitric acid solution produces reactive substrates for the enzymatic hydrolysis. The innovative science of the results is confirmed by Russian patent 2533921. Kinetics of the enzymatic hydrolysis of these substrates in an acetate buffer can be described by a mathematical model based on a modified Michaelis–Menten equation. The main kinetic constants for both substrates are determined from the experimental data. The equilibrium concentrations of reducing substances (RSes) for the substrates are calculated from the initial substrate concentrations. It is found that within the studied range of substrate concentrations (33.3–120.0 g/L), the initial rate of enzymatic hydrolysis for the lignocellulosic material from oat hulls is higher than that for the lignocellulosic material from Miscanthus by 1 g/(L h). It is shown that the yield of RS depends of the initial concentration of the substrates: as the concentration rises from 33.3 to 120 g/L, the yield of RS falls 1.5–2.0 times, due to substrate inhibition. At low initial concentrations, the yields of RS are similar for the substrates from Miscanthus and oat hulls. When the initial concentration of the substrate reaches 120 g/L, the yield of reducing substances for the lignocellulosic material from Miscanthus is approximately 20% higher than that for the lignocellulosic material from oat hulls. The established dependences and the proposed mathematical model allow us to optimize the initial concentration of the substrate for efficient enzymatic hydrolysis.

Biocatalytic conversion of poultry processing leftovers: Optimization of hydrolytic conditions and peptide hydrolysate characterization

Peptide hydrolysate (PH) was produced by deep controllable bioconversion of poultry processing leftovers (broiler necks), by means of a multienzyme composition, containing four commercially available enzyme preparations (Alcalase, Neutrase, Flavourzyme, Protamex). The design of multienzyme composition (MEC) was applied to yield a hydrolysate with adjusted properties, including minimized antigenicity and bitterness.The protein recovery was optimized using Box–Behnken response surface design. The individual and interactive effects of hydrolysis conditions (time, hydromodule and MEC dosage) were studied. The experimental data were analyzed by ANOVA method and a well-predictive, second order polynomial model was developed using multiple regression analysis. Optimal hydrolysis conditions were found to be: hydrolysis time 3h, hydromodule 2.25l/kg and dosage of MEC 0.25%. The corresponding predicted value for protein recovery was 75.34%, 2 times higher compared to traditional long-term heating hydrolysis. The PH obtained is a low allergenic product with high antioxidant capacity.

Enzymatic hydrolysis of celluloses obtained via the hydrothermal processing of Miscanthus and oat hulls

The enzymatic hydrolysis of celluloses obtained via the refinement of fibrous products after the hydro-thermobaric processing (with an explosion) of two types of feedstocks (Miscanthus and oat hulls) in a high-pressure reactor is studied. A multi-enzyme composition of such enzyme preparations as CelloLux-A, BrewZyme BGX, and Rapidase CR, is used as a catalyst. The celluloses obtained by refining fibrous products from the mentioned feedstocks at a pressure of 1.5 MPa are found to have close reactivities: the yield of reducing substances (RS) was 81% (relative to the substrate weight) and 87–91% (relative to the weight of hydrolyzable compounds). When the pressure of the hydro-thermobaric treatment processing of the feedstocks (Miscanthus) is raised from 1.5 to 2.5 MPa, the fermentability of celluloses diminishes: the RS yield was 53–57% (relative to the substrate weight) or 56–60% (relative to the weight of hydrolyzable compounds). The universality of the hydro-thermobaric processing of different non-wood feedstocks for the subsequent successive fermentolysis of substrates into RS solutions that predominantly contain cellulose is shown. The obtained glucose hydrolyzates are high-quality feedstocks for the biosynthesis not only of fuel alcohols, but also a wide spectrum of such microbiosynthesis products as aminoacids, organic acids, bacterial cellulose jelly films, and protein-vitamin concentrates.

Enzymatic hydrolysis of the products of hydro-thermobaric processing of Miscanthus and oat hulls

The purpose of this work was to study the enzymatic hydrolysis of the fibrous products obtained by the hydro-thermobaric processing (with an explosion) of two types of raw materials, Miscanthus and oat hulls, in a high-pressure reactor. Multi-enzyme composition of the enzyme preparations, such as BrewZyme BGX, CelloLux-A, and Rapidase CR was used as a catalyst. It was found that the fibrous products from oat hulls exhibit the higher reactivity to fermentation as compared to Miscanthus; hydrolysis of the oat hulls processing product in a high-pressure reactor leads to the maximum yield of reducing substances, 68% (relative to the substrate weight) or 95% (relative to the weight of hydrolyzed components) with the predominance of glucose hydrolyzate. In the case of the Miscanthus processing product obtained under the same conditions, the yield of reducing substances was 44% (relative to the substrate weight) or 56% (relative to the weight of hydrolyzed components). The mass fraction of hemicelluloses in the processing products decreased to 0.4% with increasing pressure in hydro-thermobaric processing of Miscanthus; the reactivity of the products to fermentation decreased, the yield of reducing substances was 37% (relative to the substrate weight) or 55% (relative to the weight of hydrolyzed components).