Multi-effect Distillation Desalination Research Articles

Sustainable and Self-Sufficient Fresh Water Through MED Desalination Powered by a CPV-T Solar Hybrid Collector: A Numerical and Experimental Study

The effects of global warming are severely recognizable and, according to the OECD, 47% of the world’s population will soon live in regions with insufficient drinking water. Already, many countries depend on desalination for fresh water supply, but such facilities are often powered by fossil fuels. This paper presents an energy self-sufficient desalination system that runs entirely on solar power. Sunlight is harvested using parabolic trough collectors with an effective aperture area of 1.5 m × 0.98 m and a theoretical concentration ratio of 150 suns, in which a concentrator photovoltaic thermal (CPV-T) hybrid-absorber converts the radiation to electricity and heat. This co-generated energy runs a multi-effect distillation (MED) plant, whereby the waste heat of multi-junction concentrator solar cells is used in the desalination process. This concept also takes advantage of synergy effects of optical elements (i.e., mirrors), resulting in a cost reduction of solar co-generation compared to the state of the art, while at the same time increasing the overall efficiency to ~75% (consisting of an electrical efficiency of 26.8% with a concurrent thermal efficiency of 48.8%). Key components such as the parabolic trough hybrid absorber were built and characterized by real-world tests. Finally, results of system simulations, including fresh water output depending on different weather conditions, degree of autonomy, required energy storage for off-grid operation etc. are presented. Simulation results revealed that it is possible to desalinate around 2,000,000 L of seawater per year with a 260 m2 plant and 75 m3 of thermal storage.

A new integrated system for carbon capture and clean hydrogen production for sustainable societal utilization

Both hydrogen production and carbon dioxide removal are considered in this study as two of the critical pieces to achieve the ultimate sustainability target. This study proposes and investigates a new variation of potassium hydroxide thermochemical cycle in order to combine hydrogen production and carbon dioxide removal synergistically. An alkali metal redox thermochemical cycle is developed to utilize the potassium hydroxide uniquely through a nonequilibrium reaction. Also, the multigeneration options are explored by employing two-stage steam Rankine cycle, multi-effect distillation desalination, and Li-Br absorption chiller, which is integrated with potassium hydroxide thermochemical cycle for hydrogen production, carbon capture, power generation, water desalination, and cooling purposes. A comparative assessment under different scenarios is carried out. The energy and exergy efficiencies of the hydrogen production thermochemical cycle are found to be 44.2 % and 67.66 % when the hydrogen generation reaction is carried out at 180 °C and the separation reactor temperature is set at 400 °C. Among the multigeneration scenarios considered, a trigeneration option for producing hydrogen, power and freshwater provides the highest energy efficiency as 66.02 %.

Review and Modeling of Integrated Energy Systems with Nuclear Reactor Coupled Desalination and District Heating

Detailed reviews of a past advanced nuclear reactor–based integrated energy system, as well as other nuclear reactor and fossil fuel–based integrated energy systems, have been performed for this work. A review of the utilization of heat from nuclear reactors for various applications and cogeneration has been done. The heat can be utilized by extracting the steam from the turbine while the steam is still at a desired temperature. While the use of nuclear process heat for district heating in countries like Finland, France, China, Poland, and elsewhere is discussed, more focus of the review has been given to nuclear desalination processes. Integrated energy systems (IESs), where distinct types of reactors like pressurized water reactors, boiling water reactors, sodium-cooled fast reactors, heavy water reactors, and other advanced reactors are coupled with various nuclear desalination processes, like multi-effect distillation (MED), multistage flashing, and reverse osmosis methods, are discussed. The nuclear desalination plant at Aktau is discussed in more detail due to its decades of successful operation. The IES of the Aktau plant coupled with a five-effect MED desalination plant was taken as a reference for modeling the Open Modelica (OM)–based IES in this work. The OM IES model shows good agreement with the MED plant output of Aktau and can be extended for future applications of IESs.

Solar parallel feed multi effect distillation plant: An experimental study

This paper discusses about the parametric studies carried out on 10 m3/day capacity multi effect distillation desalination plant. In the present work studies were performed to determine the effect of process parameters on the production capacity of the MED plant. GOR of plant is around 3.6. Effect of solar irradiation on the evaporation rate in each effect is determined and presented with respect to time. Influence of the operating pressure and temperature on the performance of each effect is measured during the experiment and presented in the current work. Influence of steam input on the system performance is discussed. It was observed that increase in solar irradiation influences the steam production. Increase in the steam production rate influences GOR. Increase in the solar irradiation by 24% maximum on a typical day resulted in increase of evaporation rate by 20.6%, 17.3%, 15.7% and 12.3% corresponding to the effect 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. It was also observed that the production rate is found to be higher after the mid noon compared to the forenoon even though the solar irradiation is measured to be comparatively higher in forenoon than after mid noon.

Cleaner production of energy and fuels from a renewable energy-based self-sufficient system with energy storage options

The present study investigates a newly developed solar and wind-driven integrated energy system to achieve self-sufficiency for communities in a sustainable fashion. In order to overcome the fluctuating nature of solar and wind sources, energy storage options are considered through reliable meteorological data and capacities. The non-thermal electricity, heat, and cooling demands of a community with 65,000 people are met by using a 340 MW wind farm and 1500 MWp linear Fresnel concentrated solar system coupled with thermal energy storage. The integrated system consists of a wind farm with 170 wind turbines, linear Fresnel concentrated solar plant, molten salt energy storage tanks, steam Rankine cycle, lithium-bromide absorption refrigeration cycle, anion exchange membrane electrolysis unit, multi-effect distillation desalination unit, district heating system. Both steady-state analysis for different operating conditions and time-dependent analysis with changing source and load data are carried out from energy and exergy aspects of thermodynamics. The proposed system was able to meet 100 % of 363,344.7 MWh of electricity, 544,468.2 MWh of heat, and 192,112.7 MWh of cooling loads in a year; moreover, it generated 24,142 kt of fresh water and 38,843 t of hydrogen in a year, in order to exploit the excess and waste energy. For the overall integrated system, the average energy and exergy efficiencies are found to be 37.69 % and 28.27 %, respectively. In order to benefit from the full potential of wind and solar-based systems in a combined, the current study provides a unique solution with energy storage option and generates multiple useful outputs for the targeted communities in a sustainable manner.

Thermo-Environ-Economic Optimization of an Integrated Combined-Cycle Power Plant Based on a Multi-objective Water Cycle Algorithm

The integration of power plants and desalination systems has attracted increasing attention over the past few years as an effective solution to tackle sustainable development and climate change issues. In this light, this paper introduces a novel modelling and optimization approach for a combined-cycle power plant (CCPP) integrated with reverse osmosis (RO) and multi-effect distillation (MED) desalination systems. The integrated CCPP and RO–MED desalination system is thermodynamically modelled utilizing MATLAB and EES software environments, and the results are validated via Thermoflex software simulations. Comprehensive energy, exergic, exergoeconomic, and exergoenvironmental (4E) analyses are performed to assess the performance of the integrated system. Furthermore, a new multi-objective water cycle algorithm (MOWCA) is implemented to optimize the main performance parameters of the integrated system. Finally, a real-world case study is performed based on Iran's Shahid Salimi Neka power plant. The results reveal that the system exergy efficiency is increased from 8.4 to 51.1% through the proposed MOWCA approach, and the energy and freshwater costs are reduced by 8.4% and 29.4%, respectively. The latter results correspond to an environmental impact reduction of 14.2% and 33.5%. Hence, the objective functions are improved from all exergic, exergoeconomic, and exergoenvironmental perspectives, proving the approach to be a valuable tool towards implementing more sustainable combined power plants and desalination systems.

Multi-objective optimisation of coupling a multi-effect distillation desalination with combined cycle power plant through evolutionary algorithms

This paper deals with the application of gray wolf optimiser (GWO) based on an artificial neural network (ANN) to optimise the coupling of the Kerman combined cycle power plant (KCCPP) with multi-effect distillation desalination (MED) unit. Thermodynamic simulation of the initial power plant has been performed in the GT Pro simulator, and an extracted steam from the steam turbine was used to supply the required energy for the desalination plant. A desalination economic evaluation program called DEEP has been applied to calculate the cost of power and freshwater production. To optimise the system, a multi-objective fitness function has been defined to reach the minimum production cost and maximum performance in the dual-purpose plant. The optimisation procedure has been performed by combining an artificial neural network along with gray wolf optimiser, and the multi-objective fitness function has been predicted by a neural network at each stage of optimisation. In this analysis, the best value of 2.286 has been found for the fitness function by the gray wolf optimiser based on an artificial neural network. This fitness value has been obtained from 89.69 US$/MWh for electric power cost, 40.78% for net electric efficiency, 1.22 US$/m3 for freshwater cost, and 14 for gain output ratio. Highlight Kerman combined cycle power plant with 1912 MWe nominal power has been modelled. A multi-effect distillation desalination plant has been coupled to the power plant to supply 50,000 m3/day of freshwater. To find the optimal design of the dual-purpose plant, an artificial neural network was connected to the gray wolf optimiser algorithm. Multi-objective optimisation has been applied to increase efficiency and reduce costs in the dual-purpose plant.

Assessment of a Geothermal Combined System with an Organic Rankine Cycle and Multi-effect Distillation Desalination

An analysis is reported of a geothermal-based electricity-freshwater system in which an organic Rankine cycle is integrated with a multi-effect distillation desalination unit. The system is driven by geothermal hot water extracted from the production well. Mass, energy, entropy, and exergy rate balances are written for all system components, as are energy and exergy efficiency expressions for each subsystem. The exergy destruction rate associated with the temperature and chemical disequilibrium of the freshwater and brine with the reference environment are taken into account to reveal accurate results for irreversibility sources within the desalination process. The developed thermodynamic model is simulated using thermodynamic properties of the working fluids (i.e., ammonia, seawater, distillate, and brine) at each state point. A sustainability analysis is performed that connects exergy and environmental impact concepts. That assessment expresses the extent of the contribution of the system to sustainable development and reduced environmental impact, using exergy methods. Results of the sustainability analysis indicate that, with an increase in the reference environment temperature from 20 to 35 ^circ{rm C}, the exergy destruction rate decreases for the multi-effect distillation and organic Rankine cycle systems respectively from 6474 to 4217 kW and from 16,270 to 13,459 kW. Also, the corresponding sustainability index for the multi-effect distillation and organic Rankine cycle systems increases from 1.16 to 1.2 and 1.5–1.6, respectively, for the same increase in reference environment temperature.

Techno-economic assessment of a hybrid RO-MED desalination plant integrated with a solar CHP system

In this study, an existing thermal multi-effect distillation (MED) plant was assumed to be integrated with reverse osmosis (RO) desalination system in a way that both heat and electricity demands of the hybrid RO-MED plant could be provided by a solar combined heat and power (CHP) system composed of parabolic trough concentrators (PTCs). For this purpose, the climatic conditions of Bushehr province (latitude 28.7621° N; longitude 51.5150° E), located in the south of Iran, was considered as the case study, and the water demand of 1,000 m3/day was assumed. In the first step, new algorithms were developed to integrate RO and MED desalination plants, and an incorporated thermal energy storage (TES) system was designed using the MATLAB program. Additionally, the whole system including the RO-MED plant and the solar CHP system was mathematically modeled and their performance was technically and economically evaluated. To perform this, four scenarios including recovery values for RO and MED as 50% and 30% (scenario 1), 50% and 35% (scenario 2), 55% and 30% (scenario 3), and 55% and 35% (scenario 4) were deemed. The results revealed that, first of all, the fourth scenario yields the highest total recovery amounts in all considered shares of freshwater production between two desalination plants. Secondly, under this scenario, the optimum total recovery can be obtained when each desalination plant produces 50% of the required freshwater, leading to a 15% rise in total recovery in hybrid mode, compared to the use of a single MED unit. Moreover, it was found that the integration of the TES unit can extend the working hours of the system by 30% under daylight irradiation. From calculations, the number of required PTCs in the solar field was calculated as 188 with a total aperture area of 17,869 m2. The economic evaluation of the designed system illustrated that the integration of a RO plant with an existing MED system could reduce the total cost of the produced freshwater for 6700 people from 2.08 US$/m3 for a single solar-powered MED plant to 1.918 US$/m3 for the solar-powered RO-MED plant.

Exergy optimization of nuclear-solar dual proposed power plant based on GWO algorithm

In this work, an innovative design of an optimized Nuclear-Solar hybrid power plant with a desalination system has been performed. The NuScale small modular reactor and Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) have been used for cogeneration of electricity and fresh water. Solar heat is used to increase the temperature of the steam and to utilize for multi-effect distillation desalination system with thermo vapour compressor (MED-PVC). Continuous solar superheating is provided by molten salt-based thermal energy storage (TES). In this analysis, the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), after comparison with other algorithms, has been applied to obtain optimal exergy destruction for a hybrid plant. During optimization, all effective parameters, such as turbine inlet temperature, net electric power, and total heat input, are calculated with Thermoflex. Using this optimized hybrid method, electrical efficiency has been increased from 27.03 % to 30.18 %, and fresh water is provided for the Makran population. The results prove that using solar energy to produce freshwater (82.11 kg/s) can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 779.1 tons/year. In addition to carbon dioxide, large amount of other pollutants such as SO2, NOx, and non-volatile organic compounds emitted by fossil fuels are removed.

Optimization of a multi-generation power, desalination, refrigeration and heating system

The optimization of a multi-generation system which represents the integrated dual-purpose desalination plant and a low-scale absorption refrigeration system is addressed. A nonlinear mathematical programming optimization model that integrates a natural gas combined-cycle, a multi-effect distillation desalination plant, a series flow double-effect water-lithium bromide absorption refrigeration system, and a water heater, is developed based on first-principle models. The model is implemented in General Algebraic Modelling System and a generalized gradient-based optimization algorithm is used.Given design specifications for electricity generation (around 37 MW), freshwater production (100 kg/s), refrigeration capacity (2 MW), and thermal load for heating (around 0.7 MW of hot water), the integrated system is optimized by minimizing two objective functions by single-objective optimization: total heat transfer area and total annual cost. As a result, minimum total heat transfer area values of 39148 m2, 36002 m2, and 35161 m2 are obtained when 4, 5, and 6 distillation effects were considered in the multi-effect distillation system, respectively. Also, a minimum annual cost of around 24 MM$/yr. is obtained for 5 distillation effects.The influence of the number of effects in the multi-effect distillation subsystem on the optimal solutions is analyzed. Cost-effective optimal solutions are developed for the studied multi-generation system.

Large scale synthesis of hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets and their use in thermally conductive polyethylene nanocomposites

Despite their isostructural similarity to graphene, large-scale preparation of hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (hBNNs) has been challenging, mainly due to their strong interlayer interactions initiated by the electronegativity difference in their elemental components. In this study, a large-scale synthesis of hBNNs via a ball milling (BM) technique is reported. The hBN exfoliation was optimized by analyzing the effect of the ball milling process parameters (ball to powder ratio, speed, and time) on the quality and yield of hBNNs. hBNNs prepared at the optimum milling conditions (10:1 ball to powder ratio, 250 rpm rotation speed, and 1.5 hours) were examined in terms of yield, stability, structure, and surface chemistry. The yield of hBNNs was significantly high and reached 38% and 60% at 30 minutes and 4.5 hours milling times, respectively. hBNNs prepared at the optimum milling conditions were utilized to fabricate thermally conductive linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) nanocomposites. The ultimate application of these nanocomposites is replacing metal evaporators in multi-effect distillation desalination. Therefore, it is a prerequisite to have high thermal conductivity and is essential to have enhanced mechanical durability, thermal stability, and wettability. Thus, the performance of these nanocomposites and conventional composites containing bulk hBN were analyzed in terms of processability, thermal conductivity (κ), and mechanical properties. Finally, a mitigation method to alleviate BM-induced defects and amorphizations was proposed and investigated. This treatment was essential in alleviating hBNNs defects and enhancing the thermo-mechanical properties of LLDPE nanocomposites, making them excellent candidates for heat exchanger applications.

Minimum motive steam consumption on full cycle optimization with cumulative fouling consideration for MED-TVC desalination system

Multi-effect distillation (MED) desalination system always faces the inevitable fouling problem, which leads to a decrease in fresh water production and restricts its long-term efficient operation. This study focuses on improving the system's operation benefits in the full cycle. Firstly, an asymptotic model for fouling accumulation is added to a MED-TVC model, which takes into account the influence of operating conditions on the fouling rate. Subsequently, the impact of fouling accumulation on the operating state of the system is analyzed in the whole cycle, indicating the decrease of operating benefits. Finally, the full cycle operation optimization method is applied for the purpose of reducing motive steam consumption as well as meeting fresh water demand using control vector parameterization strategy. The result shows a significant reduction in motive steam consumption while maintaining fresh water production capacity, which confirms that full cycle optimization has a considerable effect on dealing with fouling problem in MED desalination systems.

Sustainability Assessment and Techno-Economic Analysis of Thermally Enhanced Polymer Tube for Multi-Effect Distillation (MED) Technology.

Metal-alloys tubes are used in the falling-film evaporator of the multi-effect distillation (MED) that is the dominant and efficient thermal seawater desalination process. However, the harsh seawater environment (high salinity and high temperature) causes scale precipitation and corrosion of MED evaporators’ metal tubes, presenting a serious technical challenge to the process. Therefore, the metal/metal alloys used as the material of the MED evaporators’ tubes are expensive and require high energy and costly tube fabrication process. On the other hand, polymers are low-cost, easy to fabricate into tubes, and highly corrosion-resistant, but have low thermal conductivity. Nevertheless, thermally conductive fillers can enhance the thermal conductivity of polymers. In this article, we carried out a feasibility-study-based techno-economic and socioeconomic analysis, as well as a life-cycle assessment (LCA), of a conventional MED desalination plant that uses titanium tubes and a plant that used thermally enhanced polymer composites (i.e., polyethylene (PE)-expanded graphite (EG) composite) as the tubes’ material. Two different polymer composites containing 30% and 40% filler (expanded graphite/graphene) are considered. Our results indicate that the MED plant based on polymer composite tubes has favored economic and carbon emission metrics with the potential to reduce the cost of the MED evaporator (shell and tubes) by 40% below the cost of the titanium evaporator. Moreover, the equivalent carbon emissions associated with the composite polymer tubes’ evaporator is 35% lower than titanium tubes. On the other hand, the ozone depletion, acidification, and fossil fuel depletion for the polymer composite tubes are comparable with that of the titanium tubes. The recycling of thermally enhanced polymers is not considered in this LCA analysis; however, after the end of life, reusing the polymer material into other products would lower the overall environmental impacts. Moreover, the polymer composite tubes can be produced locally, which will not only reduce the environmental impacts due to transportation but also create jobs for local manufacturing.

Embodied water consumption between typical desalination projects: Reverse osmosis versus low-temperature multi-effect distillation

At present, there are more than 20 kinds of seawater desalination technologies utilized worldwide including Reverse Osmosis and Low-Temperature Multi-effect Distillation. To compare the embodied water consumption of the main seawater desalination technologies, this study assesses the water consumption of Reverse Osmosis and Low-Temperature Multi-effect Distillation desalination projects in China based on the system analysis method. Taking full account of the direct and indirect water consumption in the desalination projects, the embodied water consumption of the Reverse Osmosis desalination project is 3.96E+04 m3 in the construction stage, whereas that of the Low-Temperature Multi-effect Distillation project is 7.22E+05 m3 at the same daily water production capacity. In the operation stage, the Low-Temperature Multi-effect Distillation process has the potential to utilize waste heat generated by the thermal power plant for hydropower cogeneration, while the Reverse Osmosis process requires regular maintenance and replacement of reverse osmosis membranes. With respect to the embodied water consumption, the Reverse Osmosis desalination project presents more advantages than the Low-Temperature Multi-effect Distillation desalination project in terms of water savings and economic costs during the construction stage, but relevant departments should also take actual local requirements and water resources conditions into consideration. On the basis of providing comparisons between different projects, this study attempts to play a vital role in the rational allocation of desalination projects, the promotion of reasonable water-saving policies, and sustainable economic and social development from a macro perspective.

Dynamic modeling and simulation of the multi-effect distillation desalination process

Dynamic modeling and simulation of the multi-effect distillation desalination process

Integration of a Combined Cycle Power Plant with MED-RO Desalination Based on Conventional and Advanced Exergy, Exergoeconomic, and Exergoenvironmental Analyses

The ever-increasing world population, change in lifestyle, and limited natural water and energy resources have made industrial seawater desalination plants the leading contenders for cost-efficient freshwater production. In this study, the integration of a combined cycle power plant (CCPP) with multi-effect distillation (MED) and reverse osmosis (RO) desalination units is investigated through comprehensive conventional and advanced exergy, exergoeconomic, and exergoenvironmental analyses. Firstly, the thermodynamic modelling of the CCPP is performed by using a mathematical programming procedure. Then, a mathematical model is developed for the integration of the existing CCPP plant with MED and RO desalination units. Finally, conventional and advanced exergy, exergoeconomic, and exergoenvironmental analyses are carried out to assess the main performance parameters of the integrated CCPP and MED-RO desalination system, as well as to identify potential technical, economic, and environmental improvements. A case study is presented based on the Shahid Salimi Neka power plant located at the north of Iran along the Caspian Sea. The mathematical modelling approach for the integrated CCPP and MED-RO desalination system is solved in MATLAB, and the results are validated via Thermoflex software. The results reveal an increase of 3.79% in fuel consumption after the integration of the CCPP with the desalination units. The exergy efficiency of the integrated system is 42.7%, and the highest cost of exergy destruction of the combustion chamber is 1.09 US$ per second. Economic and environmental analyses of the integrated system also show that gas turbines present the highest investment cost of 0.047 US$ per second. At the same time, MED exhibits the highest environmental impact rate of 0.025 points per second.

Energy and exergy analysis of a spray-evaporation multi-effect distillation desalination system

The saline, thermal, and chemical pollution associated with the direct discharge of concentrated brine from various desalination processes are the main negative environmental impacts of seawater desalination. Thus, a novel spray-evaporation multi-effect distillation (SE-MED) desalination system is proposed to eliminate wastewater discharges and achieve zero liquid discharge, in which the spray evaporation technology was adopted for the recovery of freshwater and salts from the brine concentrate disposal. A three-level energy recovery process was adopted in the SE-MED desalination system to improve the thermal efficiency and freshwater productivity. A comprehensive thermodynamic study for the integrated system was carried out to investigate its parametric sensitivity. A three-effect SE-MED desalination system with effects temperature difference of 4.5 °C and heat source temperature of 500 °C was prove suitable for the integrated SE-MED system to balance the system performance, capital cost, and system reliability. Exergy analysis was also conducted for a better understanding of the SE-MED system. The highest exergy destruction (67.76%) occurred in the spray evaporation tank. The useful exergy efficiency was 1.13% and a large amount of surplus exergy is wasted in the process of achieving ZLD.

Effects of preheater arrangement on performance of MED desalination system

Preheating seawater before it flows into the evaporators in multi-effect distillation (MED) system could improve the system performance. The number and position of the preheaters play an important role in the thermal performance. A comparison of systems with different numbers and positions of preheaters was performed. On the premise of the constant distillate production, taking the 10-effect evaporation desalination system as an example, the effects of preheater arrangement on the gained output ratio (GOR) of the system and the total heat transfer area of the evaporators (Atotal) were analyzed. By adopting the equal temperature difference design method, a mathematical model was developed for the system performance analysis under different preheater arrangements. The results indicated that the GOR and Atotal are changed obeying some rules when the position of the preheater changes in one evaporator group or in different evaporator groups. In addition, with the increase in the number of preheaters, the mean GOR rises, the mean Atotal grows and the promotion space of system performance improves. The research provides a certain guiding direction for the optimization of desalination devices.

Techno-economic assessment of bifacial photovoltaic and geothermal based multigeneration system for cleaner communities

This study proposes an integrated renewable energy based multigeneration system for fresh water, heating, electricity and fuel requirements of a community with a greenhouse in Gokcebayir, Canakkale, Turkey. Solar and geothermal sources are used as renewable energy resources while sea source is employed in the desalination process to produce fresh water. The bifacial photovoltaic and hydrogen subsystems are integrated to transfer excess daytime photovoltaic electricity to hydrogen gas as an energy storage medium that is employed as hydrogen fuel for hydrogen vehicles and proton-exchange membrane fuel cell for electricity production during the lack of solar radiation. Geothermal energy system is integrated with photovoltaic subsystem and hydrogen subsystem to create more reliable energy system due to its continuous characteristic, and to provide various outputs such as heating via residential heat pump and fresh water via multi effect distillation desalination system. The bifacial photovoltaic modules are employed in two novel arrays which are the top of the greenhouse and an enhanced albedo field 1.3 MWp photovoltaic plant. The pitch distance and height determinations are made specifically for bifacial photovoltaic plant arrays in terms of solar electricity gain. The proposed bifacial photovoltaic plant is analyzed, modeled and integrated with hourly electric load, thermal load and hydrogen subsystem. The proposed system supplies electricity to a community with 150 households and a greenhouse. 1642 MWh annual electricity demand and 485 MWh annual thermal load is met at the 0.058$/kWh levelized cost of energy with 7938 kg annually produced hydrogen and 14551 kg daily fresh water. The proposed system poses 4.29% internal rate of return where 0.21% electricity could not meet due to the insufficient electricity availability especially during winter months at 39°47′N latitude, 26°15′E longitude.