Multidetector Computed Tomography Research Articles

Evaluation of Early Gastric Cancer at Multidetector CT with Multiplanar Reformation and Virtual Endoscopy

Background: The fourth most common cancer in the world, stomach cancer, is typically treated surgically. The 5-year survival rate for patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) ranges from 7 to 27%.

Three-dimensional Maxillofacial Morphology Measurements in Japanese Adults with Normal Occlusion.

Accurate orthodontic analysis and diagnosis based on anatomical landmarks is essential to the success of orthodontic treatment. Helical computed tomography (CT) has evolved markedly, and dentists can now quickly obtain 3-dimensional (3D) reconstruction data using this imaging modality. The planning of orthodontic treatment had traditionally been based on cephalometric analysis using 2D landmarks. This study aimed to collect 3D morphological data using CT images to establish new landmarks for analysis and diagnosis in orthodontic treatment. Twenty male and 20 female adult Japanese dry skulls with of normal occlusion were selected. The skulls were scanned using a multidetector helical CT system (SIEMENS, Volume Zoom Plus 4, Germany). Models were reconstructed using 3D measurement software (Simplant, Dentsply Sirona, Tokyo, Japan) and 45 landmarks determined. Three-dimensional measurement for a total of 30 items representing these landmarks was then performed. The results provided 3D standard values for maxillofacial morphology in adult Japanese individuals with normal occlusion. These measurement items should allow the disadvantages of 2D cephalometric analysis to be overcome.

Can Multidetector Computed Tomographic Angiography Replace Transesophageal Echocardiography for Preoperative Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Mitral Valve Repair Planning Purposes?

Can Multidetector Computed Tomographic Angiography Replace Transesophageal Echocardiography for Preoperative Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Mitral Valve Repair Planning Purposes?

Uloga konvencionalnog CT pregleda, CT perfuzije i analize teksture tumorskog tkiva u predikciji rizika gastrointestinalnih stromalnih tumora želuca

As the most common mesenchymal tumors of the digestive tract, gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) can have significant metastatic potential with a high rate of dissemination to the liver and peritoneal cavity. Based on the modified NIH (National Institutes of Health) classification, these tumors are classified into four stages: very low, low, intermediate and high-risk tumors. For low-risk tumors (LRG), minimally invasive surgery with R0 resection is the most common therapeutic option, while for high-risk tumors (HRG), imatinib adjuvant therapy is included post-surgically. Preoperative risk stratification is important for determining the therapeutic treatment and the patient's prognosis. With modern advances in diagnostic modalities, imaging analysis is no longer limited to visual assessment. As a modality of functional multidetector CT diagnostics, CT perfusion enables the quantification of tumor vascularization, while texture analysis provides a quantitative assessment of the degree of tumor heterogeneity, which overall can help in differentiating the metastatic potential of these tumors. The importance of morphological characteristics of tumors obtained by conventional CT examination in risk prediction has already been proven by numerous studies, and it is considered that, together with the advanced CT techniques mentioned above, it can provide a predictive model for the preoperative assessment of GIST risk stratification.

Distribution, determinants and normal reference values of aortic arch width: Thoracic aortic geometry in the Framingham Heart Study

Study objectiveAortic arch geometry changes with age, including an increase in aortic arch width (AAW). High AAW is a predictor of incident adverse cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, but its distribution and determinants are unknown. We hypothesized that traditional CVD risk factors, in addition to age, are associated with increased AAW in community-dwelling adults. Study designFramingham Offspring and Third Generation cohort participants (N = 3026, 52 % men) underwent thoracic multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). A referent group (733M, 738W) free of clinical CVD, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, and diabetes was used to generate sex and 10-year age-group specific upper 90th percentile (P90) cut-points for AAW. AAW was measured as the distance between the cross-sectional centroids of the ascending and descending thoracic aorta. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify clinical correlates of high AAW (≥referent P90) in the overall study group. ResultsAmong referent participants, AAW increased with greater age-group, p for trend <0.0001 in each sex. Overall and within each age group, AAW was greater in men than women, p < 0.0001 all comparisons. Across all participants, high AAW was associated with greater age (odds ratio, OR = 1.34/10 years; 95 % confidence interval 1.20–1.50), body surface area (OR = 1.97/SD; 1.62–2.40), diastolic blood pressure (OR = 1.59/10 mm Hg; 1.40–1.81), pack-years smoked (OR = 1.07; 1.02–1.13), and prevalent CVD (OR = 1.64; 1.08–2.49). ConclusionAAW increases with greater age, body size, diastolic blood pressure and burden of smoking. High AAW (≥referent P90) is also associated with prevalent (clinically apparent) CVD. AAW is often seen on and easily measured from tomographic thoracic images and has prognostic value.

An Exploratory Study of High Resolution Computed Tomography of Temporal Bone in Chronic Otitis Media

Introduction: Among various modalities used in the evaluation of chronic otitis media, HRCT of the temporal bone is the most reliable and valuable imaging modality as it provides excellent anatomic information. It can display minute anatomical and pathological details by providing a direct visual window into the temporal bone. Methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional study done at the department of Radiodiagnosis and imaging of Birat Medical College, Teaching hospital over 1 year with a total of 50 patients enrolled in the study. The findings were compared with the post-operative findings and data were entered. HRCT was done on 64 slices of multidetector CT scan. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of various parameters were calculated. Results: Out of 50 patients were enrolled in this study. Among them 52%(26) were females and 48%(24) were males. HRCT showed 100% sensitivity for the lateral semicircular canal and sigmoid plate erosion. The sensitivity and specificity of cholesteatoma were 79.06% and 42.85% respectively. It also offered a sensitivity of 75% and 95% for the erosion of the facial nerve canal and tegmen tympani respectively Conclusions: High-resolution computed tomography is a reliable diagnostic tool for the pre-operative evaluation of chronic otitis media. It helps the operating surgeon to evaluate the anatomical extent of the disease process and aids in the surgical approach that helps prevent probable complications during surgery

Role of Multidetector Computed Tomography in Diagnosis of Acquired Gastrointestinal Fistulas

Abstract Introduction Fistulas are abnormal communication between two epithelialized surfaces. Gastrointestinal fistulas are communication between the gut and another epithelialized surface. Fistulas are classified according to anatomic (internal or external), physiologic (output volume), and etiologic characteristics. In the case of clinical suspicion of a fistula, a multidisciplinary approach helps in diagnosing and management. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) has an advantage over other imaging modalities due to its ability to reconstruct high-resolution images in seconds, which limits motion or peristalsis artifacts, and is ideal for patients who are uncooperative or who are seriously ill. Aim Evaluation of MDCT as an initial tool in the diagnosis and characterization of gastrointestinal fistulas. Methods During this prospective observational study, MDCT was used to assess patients with clinical suspicion of gastrointestinal fistulas. When necessary, contrast agents were used to identify the enteric fistulous tract. The etiology and characterization of the fistulas were determined. Further, the gastrointestinal fistulas were confirmed via endoscopy, cystoscopy, or surgery. Results The most common type of gastrointestinal fistula is enterocutaneous fistula (ECF) (39%) and the most common cause of gastrointestinal fistulas is postoperative (47%). ECFs were classified according to their etiology, anatomy, and favorable characteristics (85% favorable) along with complexity (64% complex) to aid in the management process. In addition to pancreaticopleural fistulas (22%), biliary (11%), esophageal (8%), and pelvic fistulas (19%) were also observed. There were 19% of fistulas (esophageal and biliary) that were asymptomatic. Endoscopy confirmed such asymptomatic fistulas that were not convincingly detected on CT. Conclusion In this study, we concluded that with the appropriate clinical history, MDCT can accurately depict enteric fistulas. In addition to characterizing fistulas, MDCT is equally useful for detecting secondary complications like inflammation, obstruction, or abscesses.

Anatomic variation of celiac axis and hepatic artery as evidenced in multidetector computed tomography in patients at tertiary care center in Nepal

Introduction: There are many potential anatomic configurations of celiac axis and hepatic artery. Michel’s classified hepatic arterial variations in 10 categories. Knowledge about these variations in patient is invaluable before surgery. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) can accurately depict the vascular anatomy of celiac axis and hepatic artery non-invasively. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of different types of anatomical variation of celiac axis and hepatic artery in patients undergoing multiphase CT.&#x0D; Method: Cross-sectional, prospective study was done in Department of Radiology, Patan Hospital, Patan Academy of Health Sciences. MDCT of abdomen of 178 patients with arterial phase images done between December 2021 and March 2022 were evaluated for arterial anatomy of celiac axis and hepatic artery. Arterial anatomy was categorized according to Michel’s classification. Prevalence of each variant anatomy and gender wise prevalence were calculated.&#x0D; Results: CT scans of 178 patients were evaluated out of which 94 were male and 84 were female. Among these individuals 133 (74.7%) had normal anatomy (Type I) and 45 (25.3%) had some sort of variant anatomy. Type III was commonest type of variant anatomy seen in 18 (10.1%) individuals. We found 6(3.4%) individuals with the anatomy other than classified by Michel.&#x0D; Conclusion: There are multiple variation in of celiac axis and hepatic artery anatomy in our population. Knowledge of such anatomical variation will be of great importance for surgeon and interventional radiologist for planning of surgical or vascular procedures and to prevent vascular complication.

Added value of a chest multidetector computed tomography scoring system in the assessment of chronic lung disease among pediatric patients

BackgroundPediatric chronic lung disease (CLD) represents a heterogeneous group of several distinct clinical entities, with its prevalence increasing over the last decade. The current study aimed to identify the role of chest multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) using modified Bhalla scoring for the early diagnosis of CLD in pediatric patients and determine the most common chest MDCT findings. This prospective study involved 45 pediatric patients with chronic respiratory symptoms, all of whom underwent MDCT. Thereafter, data were analyzed using the modified Bhalla score.ResultsChronic lung diseases were classified according to their radiological and clinical criteria. The total CT score, which was the most significant factor for chronic inhalation and chronic recurrent inflammatory lung diseases, varied between 2 and 21 points, with those having autoimmune diseases exhibiting the largest value for the mean CT score. The clinical severity of symptoms was not correlated with CT score.ConclusionOur findings showed that MDCT was a useful tool for diagnosing pediatric CLD and assessing disease extent, severity, and superimposed complications. The modified Bhalla CT scoring system allowed for systematic primary and follow-up assessments of various lung lesions in cases with varying CLD etiologies.

Epicardial fat volume evaluated with multidetector computed tomography and other risk factors for prevalence of three-vessel coronary lesions

PurposeTo retrospectively investigate the epicardial fat volume with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and other risk factors for the prevalence of three-vessel coronary lesion.Materials and methodsMDCT was performed on 424 subjects with or without three-vessel coronary lesion. Blood was tested for triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), apolipoprotein A (ApoA), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lipoprotein a, and fasting blood glucose.ResultsAmong all the subjects, a significant (P < 0.05) negative linear correlation existed between age and ALT or ALT/AST. The epicardial fat had a significant (P < 0.05) negative linear correlation with HDL and Apo A but a positive correlation with age and ApoB/ApoA. The epicardial fat volume and the fasting blood glucose were significantly (P = 0.001) greater in the patients than in the control group, whereas HDL and Apo A were both significantly (P < 0.0001) smaller in the patients than in the control groups. A significant prediction value (P < 0.05) existed in age increase, male gender, epicardial fat increase, low HDL, high LDL, and elevated fasting blood glucose.ConclusionThree-vessel coronary lesions are more prevalent in subjects with greater volume of epicardial fat and in male gender.

Effect of Chest Computed Tomography Kernel Use on Emphysema Score in Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients Evaluated for Lung Volume Reduction

Background: Chest computed tomography (CT) emphysema quantification is a vital diagnostic tool in patient evaluation for bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR). Smooth kernels for CT image reconstruction are generally recommended for quantitative analyses. This recommendation is not always followed, which may affect quantification of emphysema extent and eventually, treatment decisions. Objective: The main goal is to demonstrate the influence of CT reconstruction kernels on emphysema quantification in patients with severe COPD, considered for BLVR. Methods: Chest CT scans were acquired with one multi-detector CT system and reconstructed using three different kernels: smooth, medium smooth, and sharp. Other parameters were kept constant. Emphysema scores (ESs), meaning the percentage of voxels below −950 Hounsfield units, were calculated and compared to the smooth reference kernel using paired t tests. Bland-Altman plots were made to assess the biases and limits of agreement between kernels. Results: Ninety-eight COPD patient CT scans were analyzed. The sharp kernel had a systematic bias of 6.2% and limits of agreement of 16.6% to −4.2% compared to the smooth kernel. The medium smooth kernel had a systematic bias of 5.7% and limits of agreement of 9.2% and 2.2% compared to the smooth kernel. The ES differed, for a single patient, up to 18% for different kernels. Conclusions: Chest CT kernel reconstruction can lead to a significant difference in emphysema severity quantification. This may cause invalid treatment selection in COPD patients evaluated for BLVR. Standardization of a smooth CT kernel setting and/or normalization to a standard kernel is strongly recommended.

Smart Visualization of Medical Images as a Tool in the Function of Education in Neuroradiology.

The smart visualization of medical images (SVMI) model is based on multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) data sets and can provide a clearer view of changes in the brain, such as tumors (expansive changes), bleeding, and ischemia on native imaging (i.e., a non-contrast MDCT scan). The new SVMI method provides a more precise representation of the brain image by hiding pixels that are not carrying information and rescaling and coloring the range of pixels essential for detecting and visualizing the disease. In addition, SVMI can be used to avoid the additional exposure of patients to ionizing radiation, which can lead to the occurrence of allergic reactions due to the contrast media administration. Results of the SVMI model were compared with the final diagnosis of the disease after additional diagnostics and confirmation by neuroradiologists, who are highly trained physicians with many years of experience. The application of the realized and presented SVMI model can optimize the engagement of material, medical, and human resources and has the potential for general application in medical training, education, and clinical research.

Role of multidetector computed tomography angiography in non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: A comprehensive review.

Non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) is a common gastroenterological emergency associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is currently recommended as the gold standard modality for both diagnosis and treatment, with computed tomography traditionally playing a limited role in the diagnosis of acute NVUGIB. Following the introduction of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), this modality is emerging as a promising tool in the diagnosis of NVUGIB. However, to date, evidence concerning the role of MDCT in the NVUGIB diagnosis is still lacking. The aim of our study was to review the current evidence concerning the role of MDCT in the diagnosis of acute NVUGIB.

701 LEFT ATRIAL APPENDAGE CONGENITAL ABSENCE AND ATRIAL FIBRILLATION

Abstract Introduction Left atrial appendage (LAA) is a finger-like muscular extension of the left atrium (LA). It acts as blood reservoir, modulates LA pressure and elicits adaptive responses to stress. Several LAA shapes and variants have been described. We report a case of congenital absence of LAA diagnosed by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and confirmed by computed tomography (CT). Case report A 55-year-old male patient with history of hypertension was admitted to our hospital for an episode of atrial fibrillation (AF). TEE was performed and showed normal LA volume, absence of thrombi and spontaneous echo contrast in the LA, but, despite acquiring three-dimensional (3D) en-face views, we were unable to identify LAA. Congenital absence of LAA was suspected and multidetector cardiac CT confirmed the abnormality. Discussion Congenital absence of LAA is an extremely rare condition: only eighteen cases were described on a review of the literature published in 2020. Associations with other congenital abnormalities or with atrial fibrillation have been reported, but a causal relationship cannot be established. Multiple imaging modalities can be used to define the anatomy and function of LAA, to detect or rule out in situ thrombosis and to guide catheter-based therapies, but the most widely used technique is TEE. Among intracardiac thrombi in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation, more than 90% are identified in the LAA, meaning that the remaining 10% may develop in other sites of the LA. The congenital absence of LAA could be considered similar to LAA percutaneous occlusion or surgical exclusion; because of the few published randomized controlled trials, the current ESC guidelines on atrial fibrillation are unclear about the true thrombotic risk in these cases. Since LAA percutaneous occlusion is actually indicated only in cases of contraindications for long-term anticoagulant treatment, in our opinion in patients with non-valvular AF, LAA congenital absence, high stroke risk and low bleeding risk, anticoagulant therapy should be considered. Conclusion Congenital absence of LAA is an extremely rare condition and its pathophysiological role, especially with regard to antithrombotic therapy in patients with AF, is still not well defined.

Impact of observer experience on multi-detector computed tomography aortic valve morphology assessment and valve size selection for transcatheter aortic valve replacement

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become the standard treatment for aortic stenosis in older patients. It increasingly relies on accurate pre-procedural planning using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Since little is known about the required competence levels for MDCT analyses, we comprehensively assessed MDCT TAVR planning reproducibility and accuracy with regard to valve selection in various healthcare workers. 20 randomly selected MDCT of TAVR patients were analyzed using dedicated software by healthcare professionals with varying backgrounds and experience (two structural interventionalists, one imaging specialist, one cardiac surgeon, one general physician, and one medical student). Following the analysis, the most appropriate Edwards SAPIEN 3™ and Medtronic CoreValve valve size was selected. Intra- and inter-observer variability were assessed. The first structural interventionalist was considered as reference standard for inter-observer comparison. Excellent intra- and inter-observer variability was found for the entire group in regard to the MDCT measurements. The best intra-observer agreement and reproducibility were found for the structural interventionalist, while the medical student had the lowest reproducibility. The highest inter-observer agreement was between both structural interventionalists, followed by the imaging specialist. As to valve size selection, the structural interventionalist showed the highest intra-observer reproducibility, independent of the brand of valve used. Compared to the reference structural interventionalist, the second structural interventionalist showed the highest inter-observer agreement for valve size selection [ICC 0.984, 95% CI 0.969–0.991] followed by the cardiac surgeon [ICC 0.947, 95%CI 0.900–0.972]. The lowest inter-observer agreement was found for the medical student [ICC 0.507, 95%CI 0.067–0.739]. While current state-of-the-art MDCT analysis software provides excellent reproducibility for anatomical measurements, the highest levels of confidence in terms of valve size selection were achieved by the performing interventional physicians. This was most likely attributable to observer experience.

Three-Dimensional Multi-detector Computed Tomography (3D-MDCT) Gastric Volumetry in Patients with obesity and Normal-Weight Individuals

Obesity is a widely prevalent medical and socioeconomic problem. Bariatric surgery is indicated for patients with clinically severe obesity. Reduction of gastric volume is an important factor that contributes to weight loss after laparscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). The impact of the gastric volume on weight after LSG has been studied. This study was designed to assess the gastric volume in patients with obesity prior to LSG and in the normal-weight patients, using three-dimensional multi-detector computer tomography (3D-MDCT), and to evaluate the potential correlation of the gastric volume with body mass index (BMI). A total of 100 patients were equally enrolled in two groups: one group for patients with obesity scheduled for LSG and another one for normal-weight patients scheduled for non-bariatric surgery. The study patients underwent 3D-MDCT gastric volumetry. The gastric volume ranged from 525 to 1170mL in patients with obesity and from 312 to 676mL in the normal-weight group. Statistically significant difference was found between the two groups. Age, weight, and BMI were found to be predictors for the gastric volume in normal-weight patients only. MDCT gastric volumetry is a feasible method to assess the stomach volume. Higher volumes were evident in patients with obesity. Age, weight, and BMI are predictors for the gastric volume in normal-weight patients with linear regression equations that could help during the preoperative planning of bariatric surgeries.

The role of the Computerized Tomography versus laboratory micro-excavation in the study of ancient cineraria. Ancillary or complementary?

Cremation is one of the most common treatments of a dead body in the prehistoric and ancient historic societies and it represents a challenge for physical anthropologists. The cinerary urn is a complex artifact that is the result of a series of funerary rites that includes the cremation ceremony, the selection of cremated remains, their position in the urn and the presence of funerary goods. Currently micro-excavation is considered a very precise method in the study of ancient cineraria. However, the Multi-Detector Computerized Tomography (MDCT) analysis allows a non-destructive archaeological and anthropological assessment of the urn. This technique appears to be, in a certain way, very similar to the traditional laboratory procedures of micro-excavation. This procedure allows for the possibility of a morphological study of the urn and of the funerary goods. The internal stratigraphy, the consistency of the ossilegium, the spatial arrangement of the cremated bone fragments, the metric and the morphological study of the bone fragments, and the paleopathological aspects can also be analyzed. Hereby we present our methodological experience with MDCT on several urns of different age, culture and geographical origin, comparing the MDCT data with the micro-excavation results.

Anatomic predictor of severe prosthesis malposition following transcatheter aortic valve replacement with self- expandable Venus-A Valve among pure aortic regurgitation: A multicenter retrospective study.

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in the treatment of patients with pure native aortic valve regurgitation (NAVR) has been based on the "off-label" indications, while the absence of aortic valve calcification and difficulty in anchoring was found to significantly increase the risk of prosthesis malposition. The aim of this study was to explore the anatomical predictors of severe prosthesis malposition following TAVR with the self-expandable Venus-A Valve among patients with NAVR. A total of 62 patients with NAVR who underwent TAVR with Venus-A Valve at four Chinese clinical centers were retrospectively observed. The clinical features, aortic multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) data, and clinical outcomes were compared between non-/mild malposition and severe malposition groups. Univariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors of severe prosthesis malposition, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to explore the predictive value of the risk factors. Valve migration to ascending aortic direction occurred in 1 patient, and the remaining 61 patients (including 19 severe malposition cases and 42 non-/mild malposition cases) were included in the analysis. The diameter and height of the sinotubular junction (STJ) and STJ cover index (STJCI, calculated as 100%*STJ diameter/nominal prosthesis crown diameter) were all greater in the severe malposition group (all p < 0.05). Logistic regression showed that STJ diameter (OR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.04-1.47, p = 0.017), STJ height (OR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.04-1.47, p = 0.017), and STJCI (OR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.01-1.16, p = 0.032) were potential predictors for severe prosthesis malposition. The area under the ROC curve was 0.72 (95% CI 0.58-0.85, p = 0.008) for STJ diameter, 0.70 (95% CI 0.55-0.86, p = 0.012) for STJ height, and 0.69 (95% CI 0.55-0.83, p = 0.017) for STJCI, respectively. The cutoff value was 33.2 mm for STJ diameter (sensitivity was 84.2% and specificity was 65.8%), 24.1 mm for STJ height (sensitivity was 57.9% and specificity was 87.8%), and 81.0% for STJCI (sensitivity was 68.4% and specificity was 68.3%), respectively. Larger and higher STJ, as well as greater STJ to valve crown diameter ratio, may help identify patients at high risk for severe prosthesis malposition among patients with NAVR undergoing TAVR with Venus-A prosthesis valve.

Evaluations of Paranasal Sinus Disease Using Multidetector Computed Tomography in Taif City, Saudi Arabia

Background: This study aimed to evaluate paranasal sinusitis disease and determine if there is a relationship between the anatomical variation of sinusitis based on the age and gender of the patient and, if so, to identify the most affected demographic group. Methods and Results: This study included 130 patients (76 men and 54 women with ages ranging from 18 years to 75 years) diagnosed with PNS disease and was conducted in the Radiology Department of King Abdelaziz Specialist Hospital and King Faisal Hospital (Taif city, Saudi Arabia) from January 1 2021 to January 31 2022. The evaluation of sinusitis was conducted using multidetector computed tomography. The clinical symptoms included 70% cases of nasal obstruction, 53% cases of headache, 28.5% cases of nasal discharge, 17.7% cases of facial pain, and 3.1% cases of general malaise. The types of sinusitis included maxillary sinusitis (88.5%), sphenoid sinusitis (28.5%), ethmoid sinusitis (43.8%), and frontal sinusitis (23.5%). The study found no significant anatomical variation of sinuses based on age and gender (P&gt;0.05). Conclusion: An evaluation of paranasal sinusitis disease using an MDCT scan shows that there are no gender or age-related differences in the prevalence of the disease. Moreover, the study demonstrates that there is no significant anatomical variation of sinuses based on age and gender.

Comparative Evaluation of Multidetector Computed Tomography and Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Findings in Gastrointestinal Tuberculosis.

To compare multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) imaging findings in gastrointestinal (GI) tuberculosis. To study imaging findings of MDCT and DECT in GI tuberculosis. All the patients falling in the sampling frame and fulfilling the eligibility criteria were clinically examined and demographic details, presenting complaints, medical history, history of anti-tubercular treatment (ATT) intake, personal habits,and family history of tuberculosis were noted. All the patients underwent sputum acid-fast bacilli (AFB) assessment. Outcomes of investigations like bronchoscopy and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC)/biopsy were also noted wherever available. Ascitic fluid AFB and culture assessments were also performed wherever feasible. All CT scans were performed on a 384-slice dual-energy CT scanner (Somaton Force, Siemens Healthcare) and all the images were post-processed on a workstation using syngo.via software that allows the analysis of images using three material decompositions. Features like peritonitis, lymph node involvement, GI wall thickening, and solid organ involvement were focused on. Subjective assessment of images of both MDCT and DECT were assessed by two experienced radiologists to prepare the CT diagnosis. The mutual agreement of the two observers was considered final. The findings of the study showed that both MDCT, as well as DECT, were useful in the diagnosis of GI tuberculosis. On the basis of these findings, DECT could be considered to have an edge over MDCT in the diagnosis of GI tuberculosis. Keeping in view the small sample size and high prevalence, further studies on a larger sample size with relaxed sampling criteria are recommended to validate the findings of the present study.