Multidestination Trips Research Articles

Reference-dependence in multi-destination choice: A heterogeneous reference point perspective

Destination choice in multi-destination trips is crucial for understanding tourists' preferences, predicting tourism demand and flow, and fostering collaborative opportunities between destinations. This study utilises prospect theory to examine how tourists select a stop within a multi-destination trip and to explore the role of other chosen stops' attributes as a reference point when tourists plan their itinerary. The results reveal dynamic perceptions of gains and losses relative to reference points that vary across individual characteristics and destination attributes. Additionally, heterogeneity is revealed in tourists' reference-dependent patterns, which can be categorised as immediate- and delayed-gratification reference dependencies. These findings contribute to the destination choice discourse by proposing new directions for comprehending tourists' heterogeneous reference dependencies and attitudes in sequential destination choices.

Estimating the value of self‐drive recreation in the remote Kimberley: Sensitivity to multi‐destination trips

AbstractThe remote and iconic Kimberley region, in northern Western Australia, is a contested landscape with growing pressure for different types of land use and development. The region has high biodiversity values and impressive scenery that provide attractive recreation experiences for visitors. We estimate the value of domestic recreation to the region using a travel cost model. Analysis includes two approaches for accounting for multi‐destination trips (MDTs) given travel to remote sites are more likely to include these than shorter trips, and four specifications for the value of travel time. We estimate a total consumer surplus of A$110.34 million annually and find that adjusting travel costs for MDTs using stated survey information produces a better fitting model than using revealed travel information. These findings highlight both the importance of estimating recreation values for use in land use planning in the Kimberley and for improving the travel cost method for remote sites where per‐trip travel costs are high.

Tourist Flows and Multi-Destination Trips: A Network Analysis

ABSTRACT Conventional approaches to modeling multi-destination trips are either based on trade-offs between one single destination and multiple destinations or on a sequence of destinations in a linear manner. These approaches are inadequate to capture the manifestation of multi-destination trips as a network at the aggregate level. Hence, built upon network analytical frameworks, this study adopted a directed network to model multi-destination trips. Using a visitor profile survey of Hong Kong, we found that the networks of multi-destination trips for both leisure and business travelers have several interesting properties, such as high densities, high clustering coefficients, and short diameters. High-degree nodes represent either destinations or origins in the leisure network, but they have a dual role as both destinations and origins in the business network. Network sparsity has a significant impact on the topology of the leisure network, but the impact is negligible on the business network.

How accessibility to neighborhood grocery stores is related to older people's walking behavior: A study of Yokohama, Japan

IntroductionPromoting a walkable environment is a prime concern for aging societies, including Japan. This study focuses on the daily shopping environment of older adults in Yokohama City and analyzes the association between their daily step counts and spatial accessibility to grocery stores. We aim to discover a reasonable distance to and the spatial configuration of fundamental amenities that enhances the physical activity of older people. MethodsThe accessibility of grocery stores was measured by two factors: the shortest-path distance on a street network to the nearest supermarkets from participants’ dwellings and the proximity to specialized food shops from supermarkets. The former is treated as accessibility to anchor stores, and the latter reflects the diversity of destinations. We compare the differences in daily step counts among various groups using two-way ANOVA based on the two factors. ResultsLiving at a middle distance (500 m) from the nearest supermarkets and high destination diversity would help to increase older women's daily walking, whereas these factors are not related to men's daily walking. The map of the distance to the nearest supermarket disclosed the disadvantaged area with respect to the accessibility of grocery stores. ConclusionsThe association between women's walking and shopping environment can be attributed to multidestination trips and the increased attractiveness of locations near supermarkets. Our research findings partially contribute to promoting a walkable city.

Order does matter: recency effects in tourist satisfaction after multi-destination trips

ABSTRACT Whereas the drivers of tourist satisfaction with a destination have been largely studied, we know little about whether the serial order of the destination in multi-destination trips plays a role in explaining satisfaction. Based on a large longitudinal data set and using ordered probit models, we show that tourists are systematically highly satisfied with those destinations visited later within a multi-destination trip. This finding is conditional on a large set of controls and individual random effects. Interestingly, length of stay at each destination, age and travel party size are found to be significant mediators of the relationship between the serial order of the trip and satisfaction, partially counterbalancing recall bias. The results provide evidence of recency effects in tourist satisfaction recall and have important implications for the interpretation of tourist satisfaction studies.

En-Route Planning of Multi-Destination Public-Transport Trips Using Smartphones

Public transport travelers require well-integrated, real-time information systems to use a network. The objective of this study was twofold: (1) to develop a model to determine the effect of personalized information provision through smartphones on user ability to plan multi-destination trips, and (2) to understand user perception of riding public transport aided by real-time, multi-destination trip-planning smartphone applications. Auckland Pioneer was developed for multi-destination trip planning and integrates real-time public transport services with search functions for places of interest. A test trial was conducted in Auckland, New Zealand, and the findings show the effects of the application on multi-destination trip planning in comparison to traditional information sources such as Google Transit. This research contributes to existing literature by demonstrating the importance of personalized information en-route for user multi-destination trip planning. With information to assist trip planning and provide step-by-step guidance en-route, users tend to feel more confident to ride public transport.

Estimating the Value of Self-Drive Recreation in the Remote Kimberley: Sensitivity to Multi-Destination Trips and the Value of Travel Time

Estimating the Value of Self-Drive Recreation in the Remote Kimberley: Sensitivity to Multi-Destination Trips and the Value of Travel Time

The recreational value of a peri-urban forest in Morocco

Peri-urban forests provide a range of important benefits to urban dwellers, such as, for example, nature-based recreation. This cultural ecosystem service is of significant importance in the developing world: It helps to increase urban resilience and stress recovery, which, in turn, can help mitigate many urban-life-related psychological and physical health issues, and socio-cultural problems caused by rapid urbanization and population growth. However, in developing countries such as, for example, Morocco, the heavy use of peri-urban forests for recreation and the limited management funds that do not keep up with the growing need for development and conservation result in anthropogenic pressures that lead to the degradation of these valuable natural sites. Non-market valuation of peri-urban forest recreation can help inform decision-making, conceive more effective management of these natural areas and increase funding for their conservation. This study estimates the recreational benefits of Val d’Ifrane, a broad peri-urban forest within Ifrane National Park in Morocco, to its domestic visitors, thereby filling a research gap in the non-market valuation of nature-based recreation in developing countries in general, and the geographic region of Morocco specifically. The study uses the individual single site Travel Cost Method with a correction for zero-truncation and endogenous stratification to estimate the recreational use-value of Val d’Ifrane. Results suggest an annual recreational value of 159.59 million DH (€ 14.71 million) or an average of 1,063.94 DH (€ 98.08) per visit per year (confidence intervals of 12.78 million DH (€ 1.17 million) to 306.40 million DH (€ 28.24 million) per annum, or 85.21 DH (€ 7.86) to 2,042.68 DH (€ 188.30) per visit per year). Robustness of the results is tested with regard to the operationalization of the travel cost and the opportunity cost of time, as well as the consideration of multi-site and multi-destination trips. The total annual recreational value is found to be 35 times higher than the cost for the last management and investment carried out by local environmental authorities in more than ten years. This information can assist decision-makers in their deliberations on funding for Val d’Ifrane restoration and development to maintain its recreational value while minimizing the negative impacts on natural capital and preserving the site for future generations.

Determinants of multi-destination travel in Vietnam: a rational choice perspective

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the factors affecting travelers’ decision to select more than one destination in their trips. Drawn from the rational choice theory, this study posits that the selection of multi-destination tours, as a rational choice, is determined by the travelers’ perception of costs and benefits associated with that choice.Design/methodology/approachThe conceptual model was developed from both an exploratory research with in-depth interview and the literature. A logistic regression model linking four explanatory variables representing perceived benefits and costs of multi-destination option with travelers’ choice of multi-destination trips. The conceptual model is controlled for diversity of travel purposes; tour group size; type of travel arrangement and travelers’ demographic characteristics while the research context of multi-destination travel within Phu Yen – Dak Lak – Gia Lai – Binh Dinh helps control for the characteristics of the destination set (spatial proximity and traffic convenience). The conceptual model was tested based on data collected from 1,361 Vietnamese travelers who have ever visited at least one of the four provinces.FindingsThis study finds that perceived benefits in terms of diversifying tourism experiences and perceived costs of traveling in multiple places compared to taking single trips represent the most significant drivers for tourists’ selection of multi-destination tours. In addition, the diversity of travel purposes and tour group size have a positive and significant impact on the demand for traveling more than one destination in a trip. Moreover, the richer, older and married travelers have a significantly higher tendency to select multi-destination packages.Practical implicationsThe research findings provide important strategic implications for promoting multi-destination trips, thereby, maximizing economic benefits from tourism.Originality/valueWhile multi-destination travel patterns have been examined empirically in individual studies sporadically without a common theoretical background, this research makes some progress on this front by using the rational choice theory to connect the relative contributions of those factors to the travelers’ choice of multi-destination trips. Specifically, this study provides a new perspective in explaining the selection of multi-destination trips – from tourists’ perceptions about costs and benefits associated with that choice.

Multidestination travel of the Slovenian population

Abstract This paper focuses on the multidestination travel of the Slovenian population. It presents the results of a questionnaire survey that aimed to gain insight into some relevant characteristics of the travel behaviour of the Slovenian population and its links to factors that were found in previous research to be related to the incidence of multidestination travel. A destination was defined within this research as any location where an overnight stop is made. Single-destination trips prevailed. Still, a considerable percentage of respondents’ most recent trips had been multidestination trips. The greater part of them was directed to just one country within which they visited several overnight destinations. The results indicate that duration of trip, distance of destination from tourists’ residential location, familiarity of destination, travel-group size and tourists’ activities are associated with the likelihood of multidestination travel.

Discovering the Graph-Based Flow Patterns of Car Tourists Using License Plate Data: A Case Study in Shenzhen, China

Identifying flow patterns from massive trajectories of car tourists is considered a promising way to improve the management of tourism traffic. Previous researches have mainly focused on tourist movements at the macro-scale, such as inbound, domestic, and urban tourism using flow maps. Compared with modeling the flow patterns of tourists at the macro-scale, modeling tourist flow at the microscale is more complicated. This paper takes Dapeng Island located in Shenzhen as the study area and uses the car recognition devices to collect traffic flow. Firstly, car tourists are separated from the mixed traffic flow after analyzing the spatial-temporal characteristics of tourists and residents. Next, daily graphs of tourist movements between road segments and tourist attractions are constructed. Finally, a frequent subgraph mining algorithm is used to extract the flow patterns of car tourists. The experimental results show that (1) car tourists have obvious preferences in the selection of trip time and tourist attractions; (2) the intercity tourists tend to take multidestination trips rather than a single destination trip in the same type of attractions; (3) car tourists are inclined to park their cars in an easy-to-access place, even if the attractions visited are changed. The main contribution of this paper is to present a new method for discovering the flow patterns of car tourists hidden in massive amounts of license plate data.

Challenges for Older Drivers in Urban, Suburban, and Rural Settings.

Along with age-related factors, geographical settings—urban, suburban, and rural areas—also contribute to the differences in fatal crashes among older drivers. These differences in crash outcomes might be attributed to the various driving challenges faced by older drivers residing in different locations. To understand these challenges from the perspective of the older driver, a focus group study was conducted with drivers 65 and older from urban, suburban, and rural settings. Guided-group interviews were used to assess driving challenges, mobility options, opportunities for driver support systems (DSS), and alternate transportation needs. Content analysis of the interview responses resulted in four categories representing common challenges faced by older drivers across the settings: behavior of other drivers on the road, placement of road signs, reduced visibility of road signs due to age-related decline, and difficulties using in-vehicle technologies. Six categories involved location-specific challenges such as heavy traffic situations for urban and suburban drivers, and multi-destination trips for rural drivers. Countermeasures implemented by older drivers to address these challenges primarily involved route selection and avoidance. Technological advances of DSS systems provide a unique opportunity to support the information needs for route selection and avoidance preferences of drivers. Using the content analysis results, a framework was built to determine additional and modified DSS features to meet the specific challenges of older drivers in urban, suburban, and rural settings. These findings suggest that there is heterogeneity in the driving challenges and preferences of older drivers based on their location. Consequently, DSS technologies and vehicle automation need to be tailored to not only meet the driving safety and mobility needs of older drivers as a population, but also to their driving environment.

여행비용법을 이용한 평창 산지축산 체험관광의 수요와 편익 추정 :단일 및 다목적지 여행 비교

여행비용법을 이용한 평창 산지축산 체험관광의 수요와 편익 추정 :단일 및 다목적지 여행 비교

Proposition of a Benefit Estimation Method for Quality Improvement in Multi-Destination Recreation Trips

This study proposes a recreation benefit estimation method for multi-destination trips when every visitor passes through a single gateway. Using the proposed method, the benefit of quality improvements in the nth site of a multi-destination trip can be measured by considering only the demand function of trips from the origin to the gateway. The demand function to the gateway, however, should take account of qualities in all the relevant sites. As a case study, we demonstrate the procedure and the usefulness of the proposed method by analyzing data of visits to Hong Kong and Macau. We compare the estimated benefit of this model with that of the approach proposed by Mendelsohn et al. (1992), yielding a ratio of 1.09. The empirical results demonstrate that the proposed model generates useful estimates and offers advantages over previous models in terms of convenience in data collection. Finally, we extend the model to incorporate multiple gateways.

P.1.g.020 - Neuronal and peripheral markers of plasticity dynamics, change concomitantly after sub-anesthetic dose of ketamine in humans

Multi-destination trips are interesting for research in order to see which destinations are combined into one leisure trip. The aim of this study is to classify multi-destination trips in Austria based on geotagged photos on Flickr. The study sample includes tourists in Austria who visited at least two different cities based on the geolocations of their photos. The results revealed three types of multi-destination trips: (1) single destination trips (57%); (2) base camp trips (30%); and (3) regional tour trips (13%). Furthermore, cluster analysis was conducted to categorize the cities. The first cluster covers the eastern part of the country, which includes larger cities such as Vienna and Graz, and the second cluster refers to the western part of Austria. Practical implications includes creating joint marketing campaigns and new tourism products such as hiking trails between cities in the same cluster.

Understanding Chinese Domestic Travelers’ Trip Patterns to Mount Fanjing

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to identify Chinese domestic travelers’ trip patterns to Mount Fanjing. Data analysis is based on 200 questionnaires completed by travelers to the destination. Consistent with the LCF model, the researchers recognize five trip patterns: the single destination pattern, en-route pattern, base-camp pattern, regional tour pattern, and trip-chaining pattern. In addition, the researchers examine factors that influence Chinese travelers’ decisions on single-destination and multi-destination trips. Time constraints and destination familiarity have significant impacts on Chinese travelers’ destination choice. The research findings have implications for researchers to understand Chinese domestic travelers’ behavior and for local governments to develop their destination marketing strategies.

Graphical models for estimating network determinants of multi-destination trips in Sicily

This paper proposes a two-step approach for analysing the main determinants of multi-destination trip behaviour. It is based on a combination of graphical models and of a multinomial logistic regression model; the aim is to analyse direct and indirect effects of a wide set of tourist- and trip-related characteristics on multi-destination trip behaviour. Empirical data have been derived from a frontier survey of approximately 4000 incoming tourists in Sicily (Italy) at the end of their trip. Results suggest that multi-destination trips depend directly on the length of stay, the number of previous visits and motivation for the trip, and only indirectly on the interview month, travel party, organization of the trip, and country of origin. The role of other socio-demographic characteristics, such as age or gender is confirmed to be marginal or even irrelevant.

Classifying multi-destination trips in Austria with big data

Multi-destination trips are interesting for research in order to see which destinations are combined into one leisure trip. The aim of this study is to classify multi-destination trips in Austria based on geotagged photos on Flickr. The study sample includes tourists in Austria who visited at least two different cities based on the geolocations of their photos. The results revealed three types of multi-destination trips: (1) single destination trips (57%); (2) base camp trips (30%); and (3) regional tour trips (13%). Furthermore, cluster analysis was conducted to categorize the cities. The first cluster covers the eastern part of the country, which includes larger cities such as Vienna and Graz, and the second cluster refers to the western part of Austria. Practical implications includes creating joint marketing campaigns and new tourism products such as hiking trails between cities in the same cluster.

Designing a Tourism Spillover Index Based on Multidestination Travel

The proliferation of multidestination trips provides valuable opportunities for regions to benefit from spillover effects generated by other regions nearby. To better understand the spatial patterns of multidestination travel, we propose a two-stage distance-based model. Results suggest that long-haul tourists (i.e., those who travel far from home) tend to choose a subsequent destination that is closer to the previous destination but farther away from their residences. In addition to sociodemographic and tripographic factors, we recognize the importance of spatial structure effects in determining the travel distance for a multidestination trip. Based on the model estimates, we propose a tourism spillover index to reflect a region’s potential to receive spillover benefits from multidestination tourists leaving a particular region. Finally, we discuss implications for marketing strategies to enhance the attraction potential of specific destinations.

Length of Stay at Multiple Destinations of Tourism Trips in Brazil

This study applied a shared heterogeneity duration model to tourists’ length of stay at different locations of multidestination trips. This analysis helps to understand tourists’ behaviors and to predict their length of stay according to relevant variables. Such information can be applied to the development of efficient marketing strategies aiming to push the average length of stay to the desired direction, and to develop “on the fly” service provision and revenue management strategies. The focus on multiple destination trips offers an innovative analytical perspective. A large data set of 309,000 visits to Brazilian destinations was analyzed. Several empirical findings regarding determinants of tourists’ length of stay were obtained. Positively skewed distributions for duration and hazard functions were found to best fit observed data. Shared heterogeneity was found to statistically improve the explanatory capacity of duration models when multidestination tourism trips data are analyzed.