Multicultural Society Research Articles

Multicultural Literacy Development Strategy in Basic Education Curriculum in Indonesia


 
 
 Multicultural literacy is becoming increasingly important in today's globalized world, particularly in diverse societies like Indonesia. This paper explores strategies for developing multicultural literacy in the basic education curriculum of Indonesia. Employing qualitative methods, this study conducts a comprehensive literature review and library research to examine existing frameworks, policies, and practices related to multicultural education in Indonesia's basic education system. The research identifies key challenges and gaps in the current curriculum and proposes strategies to enhance multicultural literacy among students. The study underscores the significance of incorporating diverse cultural perspectives, histories, and values into the curriculum to foster empathy, respect, and understanding among students from different ethnic, religious, and socio-economic backgrounds. Furthermore, the paper highlights the need for teacher training programs to equip educators with the necessary knowledge, skills, and pedagogical approaches to effectively implement multicultural education in the classroom. The findings suggest the importance of integrating multicultural literacy across various subjects and learning activities to promote inclusive learning environments and prepare students for active citizenship in a multicultural society. The proposed strategies aim to address the complexities of cultural diversity and promote social cohesion and harmony in Indonesian schools. Overall, this research contributes to the ongoing discourse on multicultural education and offers practical insights for policymakers, educators, and curriculum developers in Indonesia and other diverse societies.
 
 

Reasonable accommodations and security agendas in multicultural societies: Secular and faith-based approaches to citizenship education in Canada, France and England

In liberal democracies citizenship education is a form of secular worldviews education that focuses on politics and promotes human rights as universal principles. Canada, a bilingual federal state with connections to both Britain and France, illustrates both a liberal nationalist approach, comparable to Britain, in the Anglophone provinces, and radically secularist policies, comparable to France, in the province of Quebec. In a context of global migration and demographic diversity, Canada was a notable pioneer in developing educational responses to its state policies of multiculturalism and human rights. Canadian scholars Charles Taylor and Will Kymlicka developed theories of recognition and reasonable accommodation that accepted religion as both a marker of identity and a set of principles to inform behaviour and decisions. However, national security agendas have also driven education policy in Canada and Europe in response to terrorism motivated by ideological interpretations of religion. Security concerns curtail freedom of religious expression in secularist traditions but also in liberal traditions that recognise the salience of religion. The article argues that education for cosmopolitan citizenship challenges security agendas based on promoting nationalism and that recognition and reasonable accommodation are more likely to promote social cohesion and preserve traditions of democracy and human rights.

Cross-cultural differences through subjective cognition: illustration in translatology with the SSTIC-E in the UAE.

The development of appropriate and valid multicultural and multilingual instruments research is necessary due to a growing multicultural and multilingual society in the 21st century. We explored the use of a cognitive scale related to subjective complaints, focusing on the first step: a cross-cultural and semantic validation. This study presents the translation and cross-validation process of the "Subjective Scale to Investigate Cognition in Schizophrenia" (SSTICS) for the United Arab Emirates (UAE) region via different languages used in Dubaï/Abu Dhabi. This scale measures cognitive complaints and has been validated with psychosis and used in 20 clinical trials worldwide. It evaluates areas of the illness related to self-awareness focusing on memory dysfunction and deficits of attention, language, and praxis. We described the method of cross-cultural validation, with back-translation, semantic steps, and societal contexts. The use of the Subjective Scale to Investigate Cognition in Emirates (SSTIC-E) was explored with different samples of UAE Arabic-speaking subjects. First, a pilot sample mean SSTICS total score was 16.5 (SD:16.9); (p < 0.001). The SSTIC-E was then administered to 126 patients and 84 healthy control participants. The healthy group has a lower mean score of 22.55 (SD = 12.04) vs. 34.06 (SD = 15.19). The method was extended to nine other languages, namely, Pakistani/Urdu, Hindi, Marathi, Lithuanian, Serbian, German, Romanian, Sinhala, and Russian. The scales are provided in the article. The overall aim of the translation process should be to stay close to the original version of the instrument so that it is meaningful and easily understood by the target language population. However, for construct validity, some items must be adapted at the time of translation to ensure that the questioned cognitive domain is respected. For example, cooking, an executive function, does not have the same occurrence for an Emirati male, or remembering a prime minister's name, semantic memory, requires an electoral system to appoint the leader of a country. Translation methods and processes present many challenges but applying relevant and creative strategies to reduce errors is essential to achieve semantic validation. This study aims to measure personally experienced knowledge or attitudes; such language effects can be a thorny problem.

Exploring cultural identity and perspectives of bicultural immigrants: a study on 1.5 and second generations of Koreans in Australia

ABSTRACT This study focused on the perceived cultural identity of Korean Australians, with the objective of explaining the factors that shape their perceptions and how they are perceived in both Australia and their country of origin, Korea. A total of 142 participants representing the 1.5 and second generations of Korean Australians completed an online survey. The survey results showed that this group of Korean Australians demonstrated a bicultural identity, which is widely regarded as the optimal cultural identity for second-generation immigrants in a multicultural society (Hamers, J., and M. Blanc. 1993. Bilinguality and Bilingualism. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.). It was observed that self-rated language proficiency exhibited significant correlations with both the Korean and Australian cultural identities. The age at immigration (AI) was significantly correlated only with their cultural identity as Australian. Responses concerning Australians' views toward Koreans and the attitudes of Koreans in Korea toward themselves or Korean Australians exhibited varied themes including both positive and negative sentiments, and ambivalence. These findings not only uniquely contribute to the understanding of Korean Australians but also emphasise the broader relevance of such dynamics within immigrant communities, showcasing the study’s potential impact on a wider spectrum of socio-cultural contexts and diverse immigrant populations.

استراتيجيات اللامركزية والتهجين عند شعب يوليو عند نادين جورديمر

The dichotomy of centre vs periphery is a central idea in postcolonial theory and an important model to describe the relationship between colonizer and colonized. The aim of this paper is to examine the dichotomy of centre and periphery in postcolonial theory and how this dialectic is manifested in July's People by the South African prolific writer Nadine Gordimer. The African novel is an important off shoot of postcolonial novel since it documents the native`s struggle to restore their lost identities. South African novel written by white authors is a unique version of this trend of fiction since it dramatizes the awkward ambivalent experience of white authors being torn between two opposing traditions : the European and the indigenous. The dichotomy of centre and periphery becomes subject to modification and revision in the newly born multicultural society especially after the apartheid.

The attitudes of Poles from Lithuania towards original spelling of personal names

The article aims at analysing the attitudes and motivations of a group of 100 Lithuanian Poles, mainly from culturally homogeneous Polish families, regarding the evaluaƟtion of the spelling and the changes in the spelling of personal names. The quantitative study is based on the analysis of an awareness questionnaire conducted among Lithuanian Poles aged 34–70. This article not only outlines the existing legal framework on this issue, but also explains the dominant attitudes of the Polish minority towards the prospect of transcribing the surnames and first names of Lithuanian national minoriƟ es according to the original phonetic sound, albeit without the inclusion of diacritical marks. The analysis of the questionnaires showed that 57% of the respondents expressed their willingness to take advantage of the opportunities offered by the proposed legislative changes, while 25% were against the changes. Among the motivations for change, the desire to preserve and cultivate the Polish language dominated. This article contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamics of identity change in multi cultural societies with respect to attitudes towards language issues. Keywords: spelling of names and surnames – Polish minority – Lithuania – language policy.

Surrealism, Counter-Mapping and COVID: Confluences in Contemporary Asian Australian Art

Abstract: COVID-19 originating in China was all it took to destabilize Australia's claim to a proud, multicultural society, and with it, the sense of place and belonging felt by much of the Asian Australian community. Living and working in Melbourne, the most locked-down city in the world during the COVID period, the Asian Australian multimedia and performance artists Eugenia Lim and James Nguyen witnessed firsthand the resurgence of sinophobia, which exposed the ongoing resilience of the government's former White Australia Policy in the national imagination. Working approximately one hundred years after André Breton's Dada excursion (1921), and the surrealist survey on "Irrational Embellishments" of Parisian monuments (1933), Lim and Nguyen's counter-mapping practices echo these reorientations of site that seek to dismantle ideological codifications of space and reestablish them as imaginative and inclusive. As a strategy of spatial contestation and world building, Lim and Nguyen counter-map several historical and culturally significant sites across Australia, offering a decolonial inflexion of the more iconoclastic gestures of their European progenitors. Refracted through the lens of COVID, these Asian-Australian interventions bring the underlying cultural and racial tensions in Australian society into sharp relief. Their work resists reductive narratives of nationhood and renders the Australian landscape permeable to an interplay of hybrid stories and identities.

Colonial City, Global Entanglements: Intra-and Trans-Imperial Networks in George Town, 1786–1937

Abstract: The city of George Town, Penang has always been enmeshed in complex circulations of trade, people, and ideas. By the end of the nineteenth century, George Town developed a multicultural and polyglot society that included a kaleidoscopic mix of ethnic groups. This article investigates the role played by George Town’s cosmopolitan population in developing the port-city into a global hub for commercial, intellectual, and physical interchange. In particular, this article argues that the city’s success depended on intricate webs of personal and professional connections developed by George Town’s residents across Southeast Asia and beyond. It hones in on how one community, the Peranakan Chinese, built and leveraged networks across the British, Dutch, and Japanese Empires. By exploring these intra-and trans-imperial networks, this article makes the case for studying colonial cities like George Town not as passive nodes of empire but as active sites within overlapping imperial networks.

France’s Identity Crisis

While many other democracies in the world celebrate or simply tolerate public expressions of difference, France has traditionally remained hostile toward them in the name of republican universalism. The rise of identity politics in recent decades, however, has posed a serious challenge to this position. Today, France is torn between republican values that do not reflect the complexity of a multicultural society, and a global culture war that has supercharged local disagreements and polemics.

Assimilation of Tung Chung Shu’s Philosophy and the Development of Multiculturalism

The purpose of this article is to explore the thoughts of the philosopher Tung Chung Shu who is a figure in Chinese philosophy. Tung Chung Shu managed to compile several aspects of philosophy and culture that developed in China during the Han dynasty. Tung Chung Shu's thought has relevance to the development of multiculturalism, especially in Indonesia amid globalization today. The condition of the Chinese nation has a different cultural background and has succeeded in reformulating the unifying ideology of the country so that it can improve the condition of a society that is experiencing chaos. The philosophy and culture of the Chinese nation that developed when in this condition was the Han Dynasty which was dominated by Taoism, Legalism, and Confucianism. A Chinese philosopher, Tung Chung Shu, combined the three schools with the core teachings of jen, yi, l, chi, and hsin with the main goal of realizing a happy, prosperous, and safe society. The situation of differences that exist in people's lives gave birth to multiculturalism which offers a cultural paradigm to understand and interpret the differences that develop in people's lives. This research uses the abstraction analysis method and then analyzes it through a comparative interpretative approach that begins with description and historical continuity. The results showed that (1) the condition of differences in society can be avoided from conflict if the government can implement multiculturalism policies in regulating the order of government as in Tung Chung Shu's thinking about good governance (2) the condition of a country depends on the attitude of the country's leaders so that the condition of multicultural society can be safe, harmonious, peaceful, prosperous cannot be separated from the role of state leaders (3) in addressing differences need the attitude of wisdom, humanity, courage, wisdom and virtue as the philosophical thought of Tung Chung Shu. In line with the conditions of the multicultural Indonesian nation, Tung Chung Shu's thoughts can be a reference in efforts to develop multiculturalism in Indonesia. This argument is supported by the situation and conditions of the Indonesian nation which has a diversity of ethnicities, cultures, religions, regions, and different cultural traditions.

Fenomena Tubuh Perempuan dalam Anime Kimi no Na Wa

Indonesia, with its multicultural society, has many traditions/ Kimi no Na Wa (Your Name) is an anime displaying the reality of gender and women in a complex way. This complexity can be seen in the narrative displayed, namely the exchange of bodies between female and male characters. This article questions the phenomenon of women and their bodies in this anime. The analysis used phenomenological theory of perception with a descriptive analysis method. The result shows that the phenomenon of body exchange between men and women confirms gender issues that are not tied to sex. The exchange of bodies also indicates women's endeavor to change them from what were previously associated with rural and traditional into modern ones. In addition, the phenomenon of body exchange also emphasizes that the body is an essential element of human existence.

Portrait Of Political Culture In A Multicultural Society In Padang City: A Case Study: Change Of "Kampung Jao" To "Kampung Jawa" In Padang Barat District, Padang City

Portrait Of Political Culture In A Multicultural Society In Padang City: A Case Study: Change Of "Kampung Jao" To "Kampung Jawa" In Padang Barat District, Padang City

Implementasi Pendidikan Multikultural dalam Pembentukan Karakter Siswa Kelas IX di Sekolah Multikultural SMPS Sultan Iskandar Muda

Multiculturalism is an understanding that emphasizes the equality and equality of local cultures without ignoring the rights and existence of other cultures, which is important for us to understand together in the life of a multicultural society like Indonesia. Multicultural education can be formulated as a form of awareness about cultural diversity, human rights as well as reducing or eliminating all types of prejudice or prejudice to build a just and advanced society. Multicultural education can also be interpreted as a strategy to develop awareness of a person's pride in their nation. The aims of this research are: (1) To determine the implementation of multicultural education at the SMPS Sultan Iskandar Muda Multicultural School; (2) To determine multicultural education in shaping the character of class IX students at the SMPS Sultan Iskandar Muda Multicultural School, and (3) To determine the impact of multicultural learning on the attitudes of class IX students at the multicultural school SMPS Sultan Iskandar Muda. In this research, the research method used is a qualitative approach and analytical descriptive methods. Data collection was carried out in 3 ways, namely, observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this research show that: (1) The implementation of multicultural education is carried out in various ways, the first is learning procedures, namely: Praying, seating arrangements for children, dividing groups, inserting multicultural values ​​in each subject, and teachers participating in emulating multicultural education, the second is a joint religion class program, and the third is a diversity chatbot program (2) With multicultural education, it can shape students' character starting by providing lessons about politeness and humanity, mutual respect, cooperation and tolerance, not discriminating, etc. -other. (3) The existence of multicultural learning has a very positive impact on yaoti by being disciplined, maintaining manners, not discriminating against ethnicity, race and characteristics. Students can appreciate differences so that there is no gap between one child and another, especially students at SMPS Sultan Iskandar Muda who have diversity.

Exploring Vaginal Birth After Cesarean: Success Rates and Cultural Decisions in the United Arab Emirates.

This study explores the success rates and cultural influences on the decision-making process for vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). An observational cohort study was conducted at a hospital in the UAE accredited by Joint Commission International, enrolling 263 women eligible for VBAC from March 1, 2018, to February 28, 2019. The study focused on maternal-fetal outcomes, the proportions of women opting for trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) versus elective repeat cesarean section (ERCS), and the impact of cultural backgrounds on these decisions. The study found significant cultural variations in VBAC acceptance and success rates. Among local Emirati/Omani women, 86% (152 out of 177) opted for TOLAC, with an 83% success rate (126 out of 152). In contrast, lower TOLAC uptake and success rates were observed among other nationalities, such as Egyptian and other Arab women. The study also noted higher VBAC success rates in women with prior vaginal deliveries and those who experienced spontaneous labor. NICU admissions and maternal readmissions were lower in the TOLAC group (1% NICU admissions and 2% maternal readmissions) compared to the ERCS group (8.2% NICU admissions). The study underscores the influence of cultural factors in VBAC decision-making and outcomes, highlighting the need for culturally tailored counseling and care. It also confirms the safety and efficacy of VBAC in appropriately selected cases, advocating for more research into counseling practices and long-term outcomes in culturally diverse populations. Impact statement: This research adds to the understanding of how cultural and ethnic backgrounds influence VBAC decisions and outcomes, offering critical insights for clinical practice, especially in multicultural societies like the UAE. It emphasizes the role of tailored counseling and suggests avenues for future research in this domain.

Столкновение дикости и цивилизации в фэнтези-вестерне Джо Аберкромби «Красная страна»

In the novel Red Country the famous British author Joe Abercrombie carries out a genre experiment combining in one book the features of such distant and incongruous genres as fantasy and Western. He constructs in his imaginary world a territory with all specific characteristics of a Western chronotopos and actively uses typical plot devices of the Western. But on the level of ideas the plot of Red Country comes into a conflict with the basic values of the Western, instilling the clichés borrowed from this genre with a unique author’s meaning. A good example of this is Abercrombie’s unexpected development of the subject of savageness and civilization. A conflict with savage Indians who must give way to the white man and his civilization is an obligatory part of Western ideology. The attitude to savages in Westerns has undergone some changes, but the opposition of savages and the civilized society remains unchanged. In Red Country Abercrombie uses traditional episodes of Indian attacks etc. according to the Western genre conventions, but afterwards he shows the relativity of the ideas of civilization and savageness themselves; since attributing these characteristics to one or the other group of characters depends exclusively on one’s point of view. The problems of the civilization of the Western kind are also highlighted: its coming leads to the destruction of the indigenous ways of life and brings about the reign of unscrupulous greed. Characters, portrayed as traditional savages in the beginning of the novel, are seen later already as bearers of dying ancient cultures. The fact that they are becoming extinct under the pressure of modern civilization does not bring any satisfaction, as a victory over savageness in a Western should do. This is achieved by actualizing the understanding of dying ancient cultures inherent to fantasy. Therefore, the novel Red Country reconsiders the genres of Western and fantasy and supports values of the modern multicultural and post-colonial society.

Intercultural Design Approach. Narrative Design for a Multicultural Society

As part of an increasingly multicultural society issues concerning integration and relationships between ethnic groups and different communities are receiving a great deal of attention in the social and scientific debate. The skills of design can be made available as a tool to systematise this multiplicity, promoting an innovation respectful of diversity, comparison, and interaction between people and cultures. This article concerns practical product design applications, that explore the relationship between multi-cultural society and cultural accessibility. Moreover, this contribution aims to reflect on which and how methodological strategies could be implemented within a design process that focuses on an intercultural approach. A series of case studies of narrative artifacts capable of bringing different cultures together and making them recognizable to different users will be analysed with the lens proposed in the methodological overview.

Identity politics, conflict, and national integration in Nigeria: the youths’ perspective

ABSTRACT Nigeria is a youthful country and a classic example of a multicultural society. The youth population in Nigeria is approximately 95 million (i.e. 45% of the total population). Rather than hold a place in the development of the country, the cohort has been excluded from governance and used to promote ethnic and religious conflicts. Ordinarily, having multiple identities should not be anathema to national integration. Experience, however, shows that the various identity groups in Nigeria have a penchant for identity politics; the result of which has been group conflicts and weak national cohesion. This study surveys the opinion of youths on the relationship between identity politics, group conflict and national integration. The result, representing the opinion of the youth, presents evidence that there is a significant positive correlation between identity politics and group conflict and between identity politics and national integration in Nigeria. It is therefore recommended – among other things – that the Federal Government of Nigeria should create an Identity Mobilization Commission and a National Integration Commission to promote the narratives of oneness, particularly among the youths.

The role of citizenship education management in facing the challenges of multiculturalism

Multiculturalism is a complex reality that requires a careful approach in managing citizenship education. This study will focus on how civic education management can effectively manage the challenges that arise due to cultural, ethnic and religious diversity in the educational context. This research aims to investigate the role of civic education management in facing the challenges of multiculturalism in the educational environment. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. The results of this research reveal that the implementation of Citizenship Education Management (PPKn) has a positive impact in facing the challenges of multiculturalism. Inclusive curriculum design, teacher training to manage heterogeneous classes, establishing an inclusive school environment, facilitating intercultural dialogue, and ongoing program evaluation have been proven to make significant contributions in shaping student character that is responsive to cultural diversity. The research results show that PPKn is not only a vehicle for conveying civic information, but is also effective as a tool for forming inclusive attitudes, a deep understanding of differences, and adaptability skills in a multicultural society. In conclusion, the holistic implementation of PPKn can have a positive impact on the formation of a generation that has a sense of nationality, love of the country, and is able to become an agent of positive change in an increasingly complex society.

Transcultural nursing: a qualitative analysis of nursing students’ experiences in a multicultural context in North-Eastern Namibia

BackgroundCulture is a fundamental concept in healthcare settings due to the reason that care provided to patients is holistic and encompasses their perspectives on health, which are greatly influenced by the patients’ cultures. To prepare culturally competent nursing graduates, it is important to understand the experiences of students on transcultural nursing during clinical practice. However, there are limited studies that have explored experiences of students on transcultural nursing, specifically those located in multicultural societies. In addition, studies focus on experiences of international students who visit with student - exchange programme. Nevertheless, their experiences of transcultural nursing may differ since they are not residents and have limited exposure to transcultural nursing, and therefore cannot be generalized to undergraduate resident students. This study aimed to explore and describe transcultural nursing experiences of nursing students during clinical practice at an intermediate hospital in north-eastern Namibia.MethodsDescriptive and explorative qualitative designs were used, data were collected via individual interviews from 16 final year nursing students, who were sampled using maximum variation purposive and snowballing sampling. During data collection, an interview guide was used together with audiotape and field notes. Data analysis followed Tesch’s eight steps in qualitative coding process. Trustworthiness was ensured using four principles of Lincoln and Guba, Moreover, ethical clearance and permission were granted by research ethics committees from two institutions.FindingsFour main themes emerged as findings of the study are: nursing students’ exposure to different cultural practices and beliefs; personal feelings experienced by nursing students during transcultural nursing; challenges experienced by students during transcultural nursing; and nursing students coping mechanisms.ConclusionsNursing students had mixed experiences on transcultural nursing which touch on aspects such as exposure to cultural aspects, personal feelings, challenges, and coping mechanisms. These findings are useful in helping nurse educators, clinical mentors, students, and future researchers to understand experiences of students on transcultural nursing. Consequently, assist in enriching transcultural nursing issues in curricula and for adequate preparation of graduates to become culturally competent when providing nursing care.

1998-2021년간의 유아다문화교육 국내 학술 연구동향

Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the current research trends of multicutural(MC) education(ED) for young children during 1998-2021, and to collect basic data to predict research directions for Early Childhood Education(ECE) in multicultural perspective in the future.&#x0D; Methods 610 final academic journal articles were selected and analyzed after 3 step filtering process were made for 909 original data collected by key words 'early childhood multicultural education' from RISS(Research Information Sharing Service). 299 data was excluded for its’ duplication, irrelevance, and no full texts provided. Most frequently used analytic criteria for searching research trends were adapted from preliminary studies in EC multicultural(MC) education(ED) research trends. Data analysis was made by research publication year &amp; 4-year-term, research object, research method, research topic, and researcher's academic area.&#x0D; Results As a result of multicultural education research for young children in the 4th(2010-2013), 5th(2014-2017), 6th(2018-2021), 3rd(2006-2009), 1st(1998-2001), and 2nd term(2002-2005) in order. There was an increase from the 1st term(1998-2001) to the 4th term(2010-2013), and a decrease from the 5th term(2014-2017) with a steady trend of many studies since then. According to research objects, the most studies were conducted for in-service teachers for young children, infants, parents, materual resources, education resources, education re-lated workers, According to research method, quantitative research showed the highest frequency, followed by qualitative research, literature reviews, and mixed research in research trend. The most popular reserch topics were contents of multicultural education, followed by multicultural families, multicultural teaching goals, multi-cultural educational programs, multicultural teachers, multicultural education environment, multicultural educaion institutions, multicultural policies, and curricula. As analytic results by researcher’ academic area, social sciences with education mostly occupy the result persentage, and followed by humanities, inter-disciplinary sciences, nat-ural sciences, arts and physical education, and engineering.&#x0D; Conclusions This study show that the resarch trend on early childhood multicultural education over the past 24 years has been on a continuous increase since the third quarter of 2006, and has been on a downward trend since the fifth quarter of 2014. however, research on basic early childhood multicultural education since 2006 has been conducted. it was receiving continuous attention. Not only is there a need for high-quality qualitative research that can complement quantitative reserch as a research method, and greater interest in research targeting young chil-dren is needed, but it is also necessary to go beyond the current research trend that mainly focuses on pedagogy for children in a rapidly changing multicultural society. It suggests the need for national policy support and atten-tion to peripheral disciplines such as socio-cultural, humanities, and complex studies.