Multicultural Influences Research Articles

교사가 지각한 학교장의 다문화 교육 인식이 교사의 다문화 교수효능감에 미치는 영향

교사가 지각한 학교장의 다문화 교육 인식이 교사의 다문화 교수효능감에 미치는 영향

Towards a value-based perspective of consumer multicultural orientation

With the increasing importance of multicultural marketplaces, characterised by dynamic and intersecting cultural flows, we draw attention towards the ways in which individual consumers may co-evolve with these markets. Specifically, we draw upon interdisciplinary studies of cultural competences and the theory of basic human values to conceptualise an individual's ‘multiculturality’ as a value reprioritisation process towards a multicultural orientation. In this endeavour, we offer two distinct contributions to extant discussions about multicultural marketplaces and consumers. First, we conceptualise the relationship between experiences occurring in multicultural marketplaces and basic human values, positing multicultural influences on consumers as a value reprioritisation process. Secondly, we draw on this perspective to develop a consumer-centric concept of multicultural orientation – consisting of cultural awareness, cultural openness, cultural knowledge, and cultural competence. The paper discusses the usefulness of these concepts for better understanding how the conditions of a multicultural marketplace shape consumer values, attitudes and behaviours, and offers several managerial implications for engaging with multicultural consumers.

Circle of Care: Extending Beyond Primary Caregivers to Examine Collaborative Caretaking in Adolescent Development.

In the contemporary family, which is increasingly shaped by multicultural influences, parents rarely are the sole caretakers of their children. To improve understanding of family dynamics, researchers must redefine caregiving networks to include multiple caregivers, such as extended family members. This study explored the influences of caregiving networks on youth depression by examining who youths perceived as caretakers, how many caretakers were in their networks, the youths' connectedness with adults in their network, and harmony of relationships among adults within the network. Data from an ethnically diverse, urban sample of 180 middle school youths revealed participation of multiple caregivers for all groups, but ethnic differences existed in network composition. These differences in network composition are discussed within a socio-cultural context, considering how positive relationships with specific caregivers may buffer future depression. Longitudinal analyses confirmed the importance of positive relationships with caregiving networks for youth of color when predicting future depression.

Environmental Justice 2.0: new Latino environmentalism in Los Angeles

This paper presents the results of ethnographic research conducted with several environmental justice (EJ) organisations in Latino communities of Los Angeles, California. Traditional EJ politics revolves around research and advocacy to reduce discriminatory environmental exposures, risks, and impacts. However, I argue that in recent years there has been a qualitative change in EJ politics, characterised by four main elements: (1) a move away from the reaction to urban environmental “bads” (e.g. polluting industries) in the city towards a focus on the production of nature in the city; (2) strategies that are less dependent on the legal, bureaucratic, and technical “regulatory route”; (3) the formation of a distinctive “Latino environmental ethic” that offers a more complex consideration of the place of race in EJ organising; and (4) a spatial organisation of EJ politics that moves away from hyperlocal, vertical organisation towards diversified city-wide networks that include EJ organisations, mainstream environmental groups, nonprofits, foundations, and entrepreneurs. This shift in EJ movement politics is shaped by broader political-economic changes, including the shift from post-Fordist to neoliberal and now green economy models of urban development; the influence of neoliberal multiculturalism in urban politics; and the increasingly prominent role of Latinos in city, state, and national politics. New spaces of Latino EJ also reflect the ambitions of Los Angeles as a global city, with urban growth increasingly framed in an international discourse of sustainability that combines quality of life, environmental, and economic development rationales.

Review: Aesthetic Pleasure in Twentieth-Century Women’s Food Writing, by Alice L. McLean

Review: <i>Aesthetic Pleasure in Twentieth-Century Women’s Food Writing</i>, by Alice L. McLean

Look Here Upon This Picture, and On This

Roberto Chavez: Paintings and Drawings (January 23–February 23, 2013) at Notre Dame de Namur University's Wiegand Gallery in Belmont presented a varied collection of multicultural influences and styles. Chavez's work is impressively universal and compelling and, as such, exhibits many of the ways that the images of the collective unconscious are experienced through personal perception and projection. His subject matter ranges from the delightfully attractive to the horrifically explicit. His styles range from Realism to Surrealism, combining Asian with European with Chicano motifs. The archetypes of the persona, the shadow, and their synthesis in the alchemical process is discussed in terms of Jung's own writings about the philosophical “egg,” a powerful symbol of the wholeness reached through the “detached consciousness” of the individuation process.

Knowledge sharing in a multicultural environment: challenges and opportunities

The article underscores the process of knowledge sharing in a multicultural organisational environment. Generally, multiculturalism emanates from being influenced by different contexts that provide the potential for human diversity. It results in disparate behavioural patterns and bodies of knowledge which lead to variance in terms of racial, sexual, age and cultural orientations. The process of sharing knowledge is complex and is susceptible to multicultural variances. Considering that knowledge sharing processes and probable multicultural influences are contextual, the purpose of the article is to establish the extent of knowledge flows in the Department of Information Science at the University of South Africa. In particular the article seeks to give an overall view on how knowledge is shared across intergenerational, cultural and interracial lines in the Department. The qualitative approach was considered appropriate for this study because it focuses on observing events from the perspectives of those who are involved and is aimed at understanding the attitude, behaviour and opinions of those individuals (Powell & Connaway 2004). A basic interpretive qualitative research design was used for this study. Data was collected through interviews and document analysis. The data were inductively analysed and the findings are presented and discussed using references to the literature that informed the study.

Media Revolution on 14th Street: Immigration, Vaudeville and the Nascence of Electronic Media in New York City at the Turn of the 20th Century

O alicerce da indústria do entretenimento foi lançado pelo nascimento do vaudeville na Rua 14 na cidade de Nova York no início dos anos 1880. Criado, em grande medida, por imigrantes e seus filhos, o vaudeville dominou o show business nos Estados Unidos durante cinco décadas, dos anos 1880 aos anos 1930. Por meio&#x0D; da integração de artistas, empresários e formas culturais imigrantes, o vaudeville criou uma síntese que foi muito necessária em uma época de imigração em massa e caos cultural. Com a rápida evolução das mídias eletrônicas durante o século XX – publicação musical, gravação sonora, rádio, cinema e televisão – o vaudeville ampliou sua influência multicultural ao tornar-se o modelo dominante para uma indústria do entretenimento em expansão.&#x0D; &#x0D; Palavras-chave&#x0D; Vaudeville. Tin Pan Alley. Imigração.

Measuring pre-service master’s of school administrator’s candidates’ social capital as a predictor of culturally responsive leadership

This study measured Pre-Service Masters of School Administrators’ candidates’ social capital as a predictor of culturally responsive leadership. The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between the MSA Pre-service candidates’ social capital and their propensity to become culturally responsive leaders. The 23 participants in this study were pre-service Master of School Administration students.A cross-sectional design with the regression analysis procedure is useful in determining the predictor’s variables for the influence of multiculturalism and student experiences. Summaries of correlations, means, and standard deviations were reported, along with F-ratio, R-square, and confidence intervals for resulting predictors. Educational leadership programs need to redefine their roles in terms of how they are preparing twenty-first century leaders for twenty-first century schools. Now, more than ever, there is an increasing phenomenon of poor educational outcomes for students despite the efforts of educational leaders. This study explores the theoretical construct of culturally responsive leadership and social capital as a framework for educational leaders to follow in order to close the opportunity gap for students. More specifically, the study explored the social capital of pre-service Master of School Administrations students and their propensity toward becoming culturally responsive leaders. The study revealed that a correlation could be made between a student’s social capital index and their propensity toward becoming culturally responsive leaders. Key words: Social capital, culturally responsive leadership, social networks

Australia’s 1988 Bicentennial: national history and multiculturalism in the primary school curriculum

As in many countries, such as Germany, Turkey, the United States and Japan the history/culture wars of the past two decades have increased public interest in what is taught in schools. This has resulted in rigorous debates in the general community, encouraged and sustained through regular media coverage. Partly as a response to this, History has been designated as a separate subject in the first wave of planning and implementation of the Australian National Curriculum. Two of the reasons for this include first, to recognise the importance of teaching historical skills as a distinct subject; and second there is an ongoing bipartisan political interest in privileging history disciplinary knowledge and content to ensure that national history narratives are taught to students. To contribute meaningfully towards the development and implementation of a National Curriculum, it is important to understand past curriculum constructions, so that the disciplinary knowledge and content of history remains independent, and not subsumed within current (or future) political trends. Based on examples of national history from the Queensland Social Studies syllabus and government endorsed sourcebooks in the lead-up to the 1988 Bicentennial of British colonisation of the Australian continent, this article examines the influence and role of multiculturalism in History teaching in primary schools. Particular attention is paid to Indigenous representations and British heritages, as an example of two groups that have often been represented as binaries to each other throughout Australian history. An analysis of the curriculum materials illuminates the differences between multiculturalism and history—highlighting how the two are merged at the expense of accurate historical knowledge and concepts, particularly in the area of national history. This study will demonstrate that as a result of the infiltration of multiculturalism into history content within the Social Studies curriculum, historical knowledge becomes silenced in the school curriculum – resulting in vague and sometimes historically inaccurate information being presented to students; and the privileging of certain types of multiculturalism.

Supervision and Multicultural Issues: Supervisors and Supervisees

Multicultural influences may impact the supervisor and supervisee relationship within the fields of speech-language pathology and audiology. This article summarizes the themes that have emerged in the literature on multicultural issues in supervision, including cultural competence, mixed-race and same-race supervisory relationships, and social power.

A Western King and an Ancient Notion: Reflections on the Origins of Ombudsing

The ombuds idea has taken root around the globe providing critical protection for citizens in public, private and social sectors. Contemporary ombudsing is a unique practice which provides a rare, often fair-minded mechanism of protection for the individual with a grievance. The seeds of this modern idea may be found in ancient world cultures as well as Scandinavian history. An early version of the idea appears in a decree creating a Highest Ombudsman signed by Swedish King Charles XII in 1713, notably while he was living in exile in Turkey, during which time Sweden was in turmoil. Sometimes mechanisms for peace emerge from conflict. The modern ombuds office is often pivotal in addressing and reducing bureaucracy and conflict. As ombudsing continues to grow worldwide, as ombudsing as a human rights mechanism expands, as visitors to the ombuds office represent many world cultures, recognizing the multicultural influences and antecedents to ombudsing may deepen the international dialogue. The aim of improving governance is integral to modern ombudsing, and this aim may even be seen in the creation of the earliest Highest Ombudsman, today in Sweden existing as the Chancellor of Justice. The shift in the ombudsing function between 1713 and 1809 and thereafter, illuminates the development of the role against the backdrop of history. Early versions of the idea included protection of individuals as well as aims of good governance. For the Parliamentary Ombudsman and contemporary models, independence and integrity are core components of the office. With the growth of ombudsing across sectors, continued reflection on patterns of power, governance, accountability and culture may prove fruitful.

Multicultural Education Before and After the Federal Multiculturalism Policy: A Case Study of the Board of Education of the City of Toronto

There exist different models of multicultural education that school boards can adopt such as the enrichment model, the enlightenment model, the empowerment model and the intercultural education model. This paper is a case study examining how, between 1960 and 1975, the Board of Education for the City of Toronto, experienced a paradigm shift in their approach towards immigrant students, from a focus on integration to an empowerment model of multicultural education. While in the sixties, the board promoted integration through their New Canadian classes, ESL classes and the promotion of heritage languages, after the adoption of the federal policy of Multiculturalism, the board demonstrated a change in the semantics related to diversity, an increase in its partnerships with community-based organizations and a new enthusiasm for bilingual/bicultural pilot projects. Les commissions scolaires peuvent adopter différents modèles d’éducation multiculturelle tels que le modèle d’enrichissement, le modèle des lumières, le modèle d’émancipation ou le modèle d’éducation interculturelle. Ce travail est une étude de cas examinant comment, de 1960 à 1975, le Board of Education for the City of Toronto a connu un changement de paradigme dans l’approche adoptée vis-à-vis des étudiants immigrants, en passant d’un modèle visant l’intégration à un modèle d’émancipation de l’éducation multiculturelle. Alors que dans les années soixante, la commission scolaire faisait la promotion de l’intégration avec des cours offerts aux nouveaux arrivants, des cours d’anglais langue seconde et la promotion des langues des communautés culturelles, suite à l’adoption de la politique fédérale du multiculturalisme, la commission scolaire a changé sa sémantique liée à la diversité, a accru ses partenariats avec les organisations communautaires et a connu un nouvel enthousiasme pour les projets pilotes bilingues / biculturels.

The Influence of Multiculturalism on Canadian Contemporary Art Music

The Influence of Multiculturalism on Canadian Contemporary Art Music

Multicultural Influences on Nutrition Education for Heart Health: Evaluation of Education Effectiveness

Multicultural Influences on Nutrition Education for Heart Health: Evaluation of Education Effectiveness

Integrating evidence-based practice, cognitive–behavior therapy, and multicultural therapy: Ten steps for culturally competent practice.

During the past decade, 3 major developments in psychotherapy have been converging: the establishment of evidence-based practices in psychology (EBPP); enormous growth in cognitive–behavior therapy and research (CBT); and increasing recognition of the impact of multicultural influences, as highlighted in the field of multicultural therapy (MCT). Cognitive–behavioral research has produced many empirically supported treatments used in the establishment of the scientific research base of EBPP, and MCT research has provided a wealth of qualitative information that balances this scientific emphasis with recognition of the importance of culturally competent clinical judgment, expertise, and experience. This article describes the advantages and potential limitations involved in the integration of CBT and multicultural considerations, with limitations reframed as opportunities to improve the relevance and effectiveness of psychotherapy. Ten suggestions are provided for integrating multicultural considerations into the clinical practice of cognitive–behavior therapy.

On Teams, Teamwork, and Team Performance: Discoveries and Developments

We highlight some of the key discoveries and developments in the area of team performance over the past 50 years, especially as reflected in the pages of Human Factors. Teams increasingly have become a way of life in many organizations, and research has kept up with the pace. We have characterized progress in the field in terms of eight discoveries and five challenges. Discoveries pertain to the importance of shared cognition, the measurement of shared cognition, advances in team training, the use of synthetic task environments for research, factors influencing team effectiveness, models of team effectiveness, a multidisciplinary perspective, and training and technological interventions designed to improve team effectiveness. Challenges that are faced in the coming decades include an increased emphasis on team cognition; reconfigurable, adaptive teams; multicultural influences; and the need for naturalistic study and better measurement. Work in human factors has contributed significantly to the science and practice of teams, teamwork, and team performance. Future work must keep pace with the increasing use of teams in organizations. The science of teams contributes to team effectiveness in the same way that the science of individual performance contributes to individual effectiveness.

Multicultural influences on group learning: a qualitative higher education study

Although the literature examining the usefulness of group projects is extensive, the link between cooperative learning, group performance and skills transfer in multicultural contexts remains unclear. Focus groups were conducted with a sample of 107 international and domestic postgraduate and undergraduate marketing students to investigate this link. Results confirm that group work facilitates the development of interpersonal skills, cross‐cultural collaboration and higher‐level learning. While there is the promise of transfer of learning to other situations, group learning effectiveness appears conditional on instructors preparing, coaching and debriefing students as to the expected benefits associated with participation in group projects throughout the semester. In addition, limited differences were observed between how international and domestic students responded to group activities, although this may (in part) be due to subtle differences in preconceived attitudes to group learning activities from the outset.

Port cities and hinterlands: A comparative study of Singapore and Calcutta

This paper analyses the evolution of Singapore and Calcutta from colonial port cities to a post-colonial city-state and a city within a state, respectively. It will examine how the historical trajectories of these cities were determined and complicated by their maritime character and evolving relations with their respective hinterlands. Singapore had a fluid (literally and metaphorically) hinterland and its economic, social and cultural orientations were defined by the maritime trade that it conducted and the networks that were developed as a result of its commercial activities. The modern state of Singapore, which embraces the world as its ‘hinterland’, remains in essence a port city – subjected to global flows, multi-cultural influences and fully integrated with and dependent on regional and global commercial networks. Calcutta's position as port city, too, grew out of empire and imperial trade, but unlike Singapore, it had a clearly defined and dominant hinterland – Bengal. Its identity as a Bengali city is therefore unmistakable and it clearly shares in the strengths and weaknesses of its immediate social, economic and political hinterland, especially in its post-colonial incarnation, when it shifted from being an imperial city to a regional city.

Jazz in Britain: Export Culture, Import Society

Jazz in Britain: Export Culture, Import Society