Multicomponent Glasses Research Articles

High‐Resolution Structuring of Silica‐Based Nanocomposites for the Fabrication of Transparent Multicomponent Glasses with Adjustable Properties (Adv. Mater. 44/2024)

High‐Resolution Structuring of Silica‐Based Nanocomposites for the Fabrication of Transparent Multicomponent Glasses with Adjustable Properties (Adv. Mater. 44/2024)

Non-Equal Contributions of Different Elements and Atomic Bonds to the Strength and Deformability of a Multicomponent Metallic Glass Zr47Cu46Al7

Multicomponent metallic glasses (MGs) are a fascinating class of advanced alloys known for their exceptional properties such as limit-approaching strength, high hardness and corrosion resistance, and near-net-shape castability. One important question regarding these materials that remains unanswered is how the different elements and atomic bonds within them control their strength and deformability. Here, we present a detailed visual and statistical analysis of the behaviors of various elements and atomic bonds in the Zr47Cu46Al7 (at%) MG during a uniaxial tensile test (in the z-direction) simulated using molecular dynamics. Specifically, we investigate the identities of atoms undergoing significant shear strain, and the averaged bond lengths, projected z-lengths, and z-angles (angles with respect to the z-direction) of all the atomic bonds as functions of increasing strain. We show that, prior to yielding, the Zr element and the intermediate (Zr-Zr, Cu-Al) and stronger (Zr-Al, Zr-Cu) bonds dominate the elastic deformation and strength, while the Cu and Al elements and the weaker Al-Al and Cu-Cu bonds contribute more to the highly localized shear transformation. The significant reconstruction, as signified by the cessation of bond-length increment and bond-angle decrement, of the intermediate and the stronger bonds triggers yielding of the material. After yielding, all the elements and bonds participate in the plastic deformation while the stronger bonds contribute more to the residual strength and the ultimate (fracture) strain. The results provide new insights into the atomic mechanisms underlying the mechanical behavior of multicomponent MGs, and may assist in the future design of MG compositions towards better combination of strength and deformability.

Spatial windowing for finite-size incident sound transmission coefficient of multi-component surfaces

Spatial windowing was introduced for alleviating problems related to the infinite behaviour of rectangular surfaces. For finite rectangular surfaces, the radiation efficiency can be computed very efficiently. Considering multi-component surfaces such as a building façade, which include both rectangular and non-rectangular surfaces (e.g., wall and window), an adjusted version of the spatial windowing is here applied, using a divide-and-conquer approach of rectangular surfaces and applying the correlation between two adjacent surfaces. Hence, the transmission coefficient and sound reduction index (SRI) of multi-component finite surfaces can be calculated. For a glass surface, the adjusted radiation efficiency presents good agreement with the non-adjusted one. Applying a convergence study to the adjusted radiation efficiency with respect to the glass surface, it was found that a coarsely divided surface approximates the relative undivided surface very well, under far-field conditions. Similar results were obtained with respect to the SRI of a single-component (glass) and a multi-component (glass and wall) surface. Applying both far-field and near-field conditions in a multi-component surface, the glass typically dominates the total SRI, especially with increasing its area. However, in the coincidence region of the wall, the SRI of the wall can be decisive for the total SRI.

Novel Eu3+-Doped Glasses in the MoO3-WO3-La2O3-B2O3 System: Preparation, Structure and Photoluminescent Properties.

Novel multicomponent glasses with nominal compositions of (50-x)MoO3:xWO3:25La2O3:25B2O3, x = 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 mol% doped with 3 mol % Eu2O3 were prepared using a conventional melt-quenching method. Their structure, thermal behavior and luminescent properties were investigated by Raman spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The optical properties of the glasses were investigated by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and a determination of the refractive index. Physical parameters such as density, molar volume, oxygen molar volume and oxygen packing density were determined. The glasses are characterized by a high glass transition temperature. Raman analysis revealed that the glass structure is built up mainly from tetrahedral (MoO4)2- and (WO4)2- units providing Raman bands of around 317 cm-1, 341-352 cm-1, 832-820 cm-1 and 928-935 cm-1. At the same time, with the replacement of MoO3 with WO3 some fraction of WO6 octahedra are produced, the number of which increases with the increasing WO3 content. A strong red emission from the 5D0 level of Eu3+ ions was registered under near-UV (397 nm) excitation using the 7F0 → 5L6 transition of Eu3+. Photoluminescence (PL) emission gradually increases with increasing WO3 content, evidencing that WO3 is a more appropriate component than MoO3. The integrated fluorescence intensity ratio R (5D0 → 7F2/5D0 → 7F1) was calculated to estimate the degree of asymmetry around the active ion, suggesting a location of Eu3+ in non-centrosymmetric sites. All findings suggest that the investigated glasses are potential candidates for red light-emitting phosphors.

Development and Validation of Neural Network Potentials for Multicomponent Oxide Glasses

Development and Validation of Neural Network Potentials for Multicomponent Oxide Glasses

Explication of the luminescent and optically active RE3+ triply-doped silica phosphate glass films for photonic applications

The multi-component silicate glass films triply-doped with Er3+/Yb3+/Nd3+ were fabricated by spin coating technique. X-ray diffraction revealed a cristobalite phase in the glasses doped above 0.6 mol% of Nd3+. The transparency of the films increases with the addition of the co-dopant, due to the increase in optical band gap by the Burstein-Moss shift. The high value of the correlated color temperature of the blue emission indicates enhanced visual perception, suggestive of cool blue film lasers. The red emission from upconversion exhibits potentiality for flat display panels. The gain cross-section of the glass with 0.6 mol% of Nd3+ was 13.54 ×10−20 cm2 which makes it ideal for NIR film lasers in the S-band region. The Inokuti-Hirayama model predicts luminescence quenching due to dipole-dipole interactions in the glasses co-doped beyond 0.6 mol% of Nd3+. The 4F9/2→4I13/2 transition observed in the films, suggests their suitability for O + E + S band NIR film lasers in telecommunication sectors.

Dysprosium ion concentration variations and their comprehensive influence on the physical, structural and optical properties of multi-component borate glasses for luminescence tailoring

A set of Zinc Strontium Lithium Fluoroborate (ZSLFB) glasses with different concentrations of Dysprosium ions (Dy3+) was created using the melt quench technique. The presence of non-crystallinity and various functional groups have been confirmed via X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Infrared Fourier Transform FT-IR measurements, respectively. The band gap values obtained from Tauc plot were utilised to analyse the optical characteristics. The photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra display three well-defined intensity peaks at wavelengths of 481, 574, and 664 nm. The intensity of peaks exhibits an ascending trend until a concentration of 0.5 mol% of Dy3+ ions is reached, after which it decreases. The PL intensity maintains up to 82 % at 200° C to room temperature, showing excellent thermal stability. The Judd Ofelt (J-O) parameter values pursue the Ω2 > Ω6 > Ω4 pattern, which shows its asymptotic nature. The CIE coordinates were assessed and determined to fall inside the white region. The interaction in the non-radiative energy transfer process was elucidated by utilizing the Dexter theory and Inokuti-Hiryama (I-H) model.

Physical, optical, spectroscopic features of Li2B4O7-Bi2O3-Sb2O3 glass system reinforced with molybdenum ions

To comprehend the physical, optical and spectroscopic properties of a novel multicomponent glass system with compositional formula 60Li2B4O7-30Bi2O3-(10-x)Sb2O3-xMoO3 (x = 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 mol%) has been synthesized by melt quench process. The lack of intense peaks in the XRD confirmed the glassy nature of the prepared samples. On Substitution of Sb2O3 with MoO3 in lithium tetraborate-bismuthate glasses, a linear decrease in the density and an increase in the molar volume has been noticed. Physical parameters like oxygen packing density, oxygen molar volume and packing density have been computed. Optical energy bandgap evaluated from UV–Visible absorption spectra, declined with increase of MoO3. Refractive indices exhibited opposite trend with optical energy bandgap and opens applications for non-linear optical devices. Vibrational modes in the as-prepared glasses have been identified by FTIR and Raman spectra. With increase in MoO3 content, Mo6+ ions transformed to Mo5+ units which in turn converted BO4 to BO3 units as confirmed by FTIR and Raman spectroscopies.

Radiation Shielding Analysis of Multi-Component Glasses: Effects of Varying BaO, PbO2 and Gd2O3 Concentrations

This work investigates the impact of BaO, PbO2, and Gd2O3 on newly developed borate glasses’ radiation shielding characteristics. The transmission factor (TF) of the glasses is almost zero at the low energy of 0.0395 MeV, which indicates favorable low-energy photon shielding. The maximum TF is reported at 1.46 MeV for the free Gd2O3 glass sample, ranging from 0.89 (0.5 cm thickness) to 0.73 (1.5 cm thickness). Moreover, with more BaO, PbO2, and Gd2O3 content added to the glasses, the TF decreases, indicating an enhancement in the efficiency of the glasses’ radiation protection with the introduction of BaO, PbO2, and Gd2O3. There is a 4.309 to 5.068 g cm−3 increase in the glasses’ density, and, as a result, the mean free path decreases, suggesting improved performance for radiation protection with the adding of more BaO, PbO2, and Gd2O3 contents to the glasses. At 0.122 MeV, the free Gd2O3 glass’s half value layer value is 0.098 cm, while the tenth value layer is 0.325 cm.

High-Resolution Structuring of Silica-Based Nanocomposites for the Fabrication of Transparent Multicomponent Glasses with Adjustable Properties.

Silicate-based multicomponent glasses are of high interest for technical applications due to their tailored properties, such as an adaptable refractive index or coefficient of thermal expansion. However, the production of complex structured parts is associated with high effort, since glass components are usually shaped from high-temperature melts with subsequent mechanical or chemical postprocessing. Here for the first time the fabrication of binary and ternary multicomponent glasses using doped nanocomposites based on silica nanoparticles and photocurable metal oxide precursors as part of the binder matrix is presented. The doped nanocomposites are structured in high resolution using UV-casting and additive manufacturing techniques, such as stereolithography and two-photon lithography. Subsequently, the composites are thermally converted into transparent glass. By incorporating titanium oxide, germanium oxide, or zirconium dioxide into the silicate glass network, multicomponent glasses are fabricated with an adjustable refractive index nD between 1.4584-1.4832 and an Abbe number V of 53.85-61.13. It is further demonstrated that by incorporating 7wt% titanium oxide, glasses with ultralow thermal expansion can be fabricated with so far unseen complexity. These novel materials enable for the first time high-precision lithographic structuring of multicomponent silica glasses with applications from optics and photonics, semiconductors as well as sensors.

High Density Two-Component Glasses of Organic Semiconductors Prepared by Physical Vapor Deposition.

Physical vapor deposition (PVD) is widely utilized for the production of organic semiconductor devices due to its ability to form thin layers with exceptional properties. Although the layers in the device usually consist of two or more components, there is limited understanding about the fundamental characteristics of such multicomponent vapor-deposited glasses. Here, spectroscopic ellipsometry was employed to characterize the densities, thermal stabilities, and optical properties of covapor deposited NPD and TPD glasses across the entire range of composition. We find that codeposited NPD and TPD form high density glasses with enhanced thermal stability. The dependences of density and stability upon substrate temperature are correlated, and the birefringence of the codeposited glasses is determined by the reduced substrate temperature of mixtures. Additionally, we observe that the transformation of a highly stable and dense two-component glass into its supercooled liquid initiates from the free surface and propagates into the bulk at a constant velocity, like single component PVD glasses. All of these features are consistent with the surface equilibration mechanism.

Enhanced highly bismuth‐doped multicomponent phosphate glass fibers for broadband amplifiers

AbstractBismuth (Bi)‐doped glass fibers are being developed into next‐generation broadband amplifiers and tunable lasers. Yet, the well‐developed Bi‐doped fiber devices only realize silica‐based optical fibers prepared by the modified chemical vapor deposition method, which faces challenges such as low doping concentration, high cost, intricate device structure, and high preparation difficulty. Here, a novel highly Bi‐doped multicomponent phosphate glass was developed. The high ion solubility of this phosphate glass facilitates achieving a Bi doping concentration of 8 mol%. The introduction of aluminum nitride (a new reducing agent) can create a local reducing environment, further increasing the concentration of low‐valence near‐infrared (NIR) active Bi ions. Furthermore, the resulting enhanced highly Bi‐doped multicomponent phosphate glass with efficient 900–1600 nm NIR emission can be drawn into corresponding optical fibers by a rod‐in‐tube method. Broadband NIR amplified spontaneous emission with a 3 dB bandwidth of 275 nm was achieved in this new fiber. As far as we know, this is the first successful preparation of Bi‐doped multicomponent phosphate glass fiber. Our results indicate that this fiber will be a powerful alternative to Bi‐doped silica‐based fibers for the preparation of related Bi‐doped fiber devices.

Amorphous-Crystalline Heterostructured Nanoporous High-Entropy Alloys for High-Efficiency pH-Universal Water Splitting.

Developing high-efficiency durable electrocatalysts in wide pH range for water splitting is significant for environmentally-friendly synthesis of renewable hydrogen energy. Herein, a facile method by dealloying designable multicomponent metallic glass precursors is reported to synthesize amorphous-crystalline heterostructured nanoporous high-entropy alloys (AC-HEAs) of CuAgAuPtPd, CuAgAuIrRu, and CuAgAuPtPdIrRu, heaped up by nanocrystalline particles with an average size of 2-3nm and the amorphous glued phase. The synthesized AC-HEA-CuAgAuPtPd owns highly catalytic performances for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), with 9.5 and 20mV to reach 10 mA·cm-2 in 0.5m H2SO4 and 1.0m KOH, and AC-HEA-CuAgAuIrRu delivers 208 and 200mV for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Moreover, a two-electrode electrolyzer made of the AC-HEA-CuAgAuIrRu bifunctional electrodes exhibit a low cell voltage of 1.48 and 1.49V in the acidic and alkaline conditions at 10 mA·cm-2 for overall water splitting. Combining the enhanced catalytic activities from nanoscale amorphous structure and atom-level synergistic catalyst in AC-HEAs provides an effective pathway forpH-universal electrocatalysts of water splitting.

Development of multicomponent glasses for application as a glazing layer on dental zirconia

Development of multicomponent glasses for application as a glazing layer on dental zirconia

Optical properties of multicomponent borate glasses doped with trivalent terbium ions

Optical properties of multicomponent borate glasses doped with trivalent terbium ions

Er3+/ Yb3+ co-doped multi-functional silica phosphate glass films for integrated photonic applications

The multi-component silicate glasses co-doped with Er3+/Yb3+ were fabricated as thin films by the spin coating technique, which was analyzed for their optoelectronic response. Their monolith counterparts synthesized by the sol-gel route were used for the electrical studies. The films evidenced nanocristobalite phases at low levels of doping. The film micrographs explicated gas-trapped circular dimensions on the surface, due to the spreading of the sol on the substrate during the spin coating process. The glasses show a decrease in the number of polarizable non-bridging oxygen units with doping, reducing the polarizability and optical basicity. The films exhibit prominent green lasing in the downshifting process. The energy transfer from the Yb3+ ions endows the glasses with significant red lasing, suppressing the green emissions by the upconversion mechanism, which is also validated by the colorimetric chromaticity analysis. The gain cross-section of the glass doped with 1.5 mol% of Yb3+ is 23.3 × 10−20 cm2 in the S-band telecommunication domain. The glass film evidences its potential for NIR lasers, beyond a population inversion of 40 %, and a decreasing metastable lifetime of 6.6 μs. Beyond 1.5 mol% of the co-dopant Yb3+, energy transfer dominates, due to the dipole-quadrupole interactions, which has been corroborated by the Inokuti-Hirayama model. The conductivity in the glasses shows a decreasing trend with doping. The Randle's equivalent circuitry of the Nyquist impedance plots, predicts Warburg diffusion impedance that deters the space charge polarization. The consequential decrease in the dielectric constant and capacitance makes the glasses suggestive of multi-layer dielectric substrates in the integrated microelectronic technology for soldering of the printed circuit boards (PCB) that demand low signal losses.

Investigations on physical, structural, elastic, optical and radiation shielding properties of boro-phosphate glasses for radioactive waste management applications

The effectiveness of nuclear shielding has been investigated on Eu3 doped boro-phosphate glass matrix by altering the extent of modifier addition (CdF and ZnF), for a specific assortment of multicomponent glasses with the following composition; 35B2O3+20P2O5+ 15BaO+9LiO+(20−x)ZnF + xCdF+1Eu2O3 (where x = 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 in mol%). Various structural deformations are observed in the present batch of glasses, and the sample's irregularity has been verified by examining FTIR and XRD techniques. The structural and elastic features have been estimated from the physical parameters like density and the index of refraction. The influence of the modifiers reveals the existing glass structure's structural integrity, which in turn explains the fact that the samples are a suitable choice for an upgraded shielding procedure. The BPBZC20 glass revealed to be hard and firmly packed by the computed elastic moduli, which is necessary for a superior shielding channel. To ascertain the radiation protection capabilities, the key parameters including the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), equivalent atomic number, half-value layer (HVL), effective electron density, mean free path (MFP), and buildup factors of the titled glasses are determined. These assessments were conducted using the user-friendly Phy-X software and the robustness of the MAC is validated with FLUKA Monte Carlo stimulation.

CaF2–Al2O3 multicomponent borate glasses doped with MnO2: physical and spectroscopic characterization

CaF2–Al2O3 multicomponent borate glasses doped with MnO2: physical and spectroscopic characterization

Unlocking the potential of multicomponent mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles: An approach to enhanced ion therapy

This work presents the synthesis and characterization of a multicomponent mesoporous bioactive glass (MMBG) derived from the composition of 58S glass modified with copper, zinc, and boron. Morphological data revealed the presence of spherical particles with an average size of 616 nm and a specific surface area of 295 m2·g−1. X-ray diffractogram analysis confirmed the lack of long-range order in the MMBG, indicating the presence of a disordered vitreous structure characteristic of glass. The structural scenario of the bioactive glass MMBG reveals a characteristic configuration of borosilicate glasses, where the [BO4] polyhedra, along with SiO4 tetrahedra, constitute the backbone of the glassy matrix. Concerning zinc and copper ions, they function similarly to calcium in compensating for the remaining negative charges within the borosilicate network, behaving as typical network-modifying ions. The presence of these heavy ions, coupled with the formation of the borosilicate network in MMBG, led to a 20 % increase in density compared to 58S glass. Additionally, alterations in the chemical composition and structure of MMBG resulted in a reduction in molar volume compared to 58S, indicating a decrease in the volume occupied by one mole of oxygen in the glass matrix, thereby increasing the oxygen packing density. The pH studies reveal that changes in the chemical composition of MMBG did not compromise its chemical reactivity in aqueous environments. The capability of MMBG glass to act as a bioactive agent for ion therapy is evidenced by its ability to deliver Zn and Cu ions, as substantiated by the gradual disappearance of absorption in wavenumber range of 690–470 cm−1, attributed to the vibration of Zn-O and Cu-O bonds. Preliminary in vitro assay for bioactivity in SBF revealed that the formation of apatite layer on the surface of MMBG glass was notably thicker and denser compared to 58S glass. This result highlights the superior bioactive response of the MMBG bioactive glass, indicating its potential as an exceptionally favorable material for various biomedical applications.

Structural, optical, luminescence spectroscopy and radiation shielding properties of Eu3+:borophosphotellurite glasses

Recently much effort is being paid to study the rare earth ions in multi component glass formers as they exhibit high enhancement in the efficiency of luminescence properties. In this direction, the present study focuses on the preparation and analysis of novel glass batches with composition of (in mol %) BPTCZEu: 40B2O3+20P2O5+15TeO2+ 10CaO+(15−x)ZnO + xEu2O3, x = 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5. The important spectroscopic techniques such as optical absorption, luminescence, excitation and decay curves are taken to analyse the BPTCZEu glasses. Luminescence spectrum of BPTCZEu comprise of emission from excited (5D0) to the lower multiplets (7FJ (J = 0−4)), among these, 5D0 → 7F2 (red luminescence) at 612 nm found to be very intense. Judd−Ofelt characteristics, Ω2, Ω4 and Ω6, were derived from different constraints. To know the site symmetry around Eu3+, the fluorescence intensity ratio of 5D0 → 7F2 vs. 5D0 → 7F1 were analysed. Exciting 7F0 → 5L6 and monitoring 5D0 → 7F2, the lifetime of 5D0 level is determined to be 2 ms which is independent of Eu3+ content. The colour coordinates for all the Eu3+ concentrations are estimated to fall in the reddish−orange region. Theoretical radiation shielding results showed that substituting Eu2O3 for ZnO in the glasses lowers photon number that can pass via the material, enhancing the glass system's trend to shield high energy radiation. These stimulated results are compared with experimental measurements of mass attenuation coefficient with respect to energy up to 662 KeV using Cs−137 source. All these findings obtained from title glasses are compared and discussed with respect to reported Eu3+:glasses and no systematic variation has been noticed either with single, bi− or multi−component glass formers and therefore needs further systematic work to relate Eu−radiation−ligand interaction.