Muhammad Abduh Research Articles

Revolutionizing Islamic Religious Education: Transforming Paradigms from Al-Azhar in Anticipation of the Future

Islamic religious education has undergone a substantial metamorphosis over time, reflecting the dynamics of societal development and the changing demands of the era. This article delineates the journey of the Islamic religious education revolution through paradigm shifts that occurred at Al-Azhar, a prominent institution of higher education in the Islamic world. Through a deep historical analysis, this article explores the significant steps taken by figures such as Muhammad Ali Pasha, Muhammad Abduh, and Muhammad Rashid Rida in bringing about changes to the Al-Azhar curriculum. The process of renewal not only encompasses the integration of modern elements from the West but also involves responding to the challenges of the times. This article details the role of Al-Azhar in creating a new foundation that enables Islamic religious education to face the future more dynamically and relevantly

ANALYSIS OF MAUDHUIY'S TAFSIR METHOD: A THEMATIC APPROACH IN INTERPRETING THE QUR'AN

Tafsir Maudhuiy method is a systematic approach in interpreting the Quran based on certain themes, which provides a more holistic and applicable understanding of Islamic teachings. This study describes the history, requirements, steps, analysis, and implications of this method, both in general and in Indonesia. The history of the development of Tafsir Maudhuiy method shows the contribution of figures such as Muhammad Abduh, Rashid Rida, and Quraish Shihab in its development and application. The requirements and steps include mastery of Arabic language, Quranic sciences, and high analytical skills to identify the main themes of the Quran. An analysis of the method highlights its superiority in addressing contemporary issues in Islamic society. The implications of applying this method include the possibility of developing more in-depth and applicable thematic studies, as well as practical guidance for Muslims in dealing with modern challenges. Future projections show a bright prospect with an increased understanding and application of the Tafsir Maudhuiy method in various contexts, although it requires in-depth knowledge and objectivity in the interpretation of the Quran

Tinjauan Pembaharuan Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia

Renewing Islamic education in Indonesia is the main focus in facing changing times. This article explores the renewal of Islamic education from historical and contemporary perspectives, highlighting the background, methodology, results and thoughts of key figures. The research method uses a literature study and literature study approach, with data collection through electronic sources such as Google Scholar and digital libraries. The results of the research outline the concept of Islamic education reform, the background to the reform in the 19th and 20th centuries, and the influence of the reform on Islamic education in Indonesia. The main focus is on the thoughts of reformer figures such as Muhammad Abduh and Rasyid Ridha, who pushed back to the teachings of the Koran and Al-Hadith, the spirit of nationalism, and local factors. Renewing Islamic education in Indonesia includes the integration of digital literacy, critical thinking skills, improving infrastructure, and strengthening the values ​​of tolerance. This article also identifies approaches to renewing Islamic education, ranging from Western orientation to Islamic orientation and nationalism. Thus, the renewal of Islamic education in Indonesia is a continuous effort to improve the quality of education, strengthen Islamic identity, and prepare a generation that is ready to compete globally.

Hamka and the Rise of Kaum Muda (the Modernist) in Indonesia

The paper aims to study the historical background of the Islamic reform movement in West Sumatra with particular reference to the idea of Haji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah or his pseudonym Hamka (1908-1981). His religious ideal was instrumental in driving the new consciousness and unprecedented religious struggle that erupted in the late 20th century in the Malay Archipelago, which reflected the force of modern ideas of Shaykh Muhammad Abduh (1849-1905) that had brought decisive and greatest influence in the region. The reform movement he inaugurated was carried out by Kaum Muda (the young faction) in the Malay Archipelago, who disseminated his dynamics ideas and aspirations through journals and newspapers such as Al-Imam, Al-Munir, and Saudara. One of the leading figures and pioneers in the struggle of Kaum Muda was Haji Rasul dan Kiyai Ahmad Dahlan, whose legacy was continued by Hamka, who was hailed as the foremost advocate of Abduh’s reformist ideas through his influential writing and activity. To highlight this significant work and idealism, this research presents and analyzes Hamka’s struggle to lead this unprecedented religious movement for reform (islah) and renewal (tajdid) in the Malay world. This research aims to develop his legacy and monumental contribution to the history and tradition of reform in the Malay world.

Muhammad Abduh's Qur'anic Interpretation Of Jihad: Implementation And Challenges In Modern Indonesian Society

Muhammad Abduh is a modern mufassir whose thoughts are widely studied by scholars, one of which is about the verse of jihad. Abduh's ideas about the interpretation of the verse of jihad have inspired the birth of new thoughts that are more accommodating to the times. The purpose of this paper is to explore Abduh's thoughts on jihad in the Qur'an; implement and analyze the challenges of Abduh's jihad interpretation for modern Indonesian society; and analyze the positive and negative impacts of the implementation offer. The method used is library research with a content analysis approach. The results revealed that Abduh understood jihad was not limited to military and war aspects, spiritual, moral, social, and educational struggles also included the meaning of jihad. Jihad is also understood as a continuous effort to improve oneself and society, uphold justice, and advance science and social reform; the implementation of Abduh's meaning of Jihad is very relevant and in line with the needs of a plural and dynamic Indonesian society. By integrating education, dialog, and active involvement from all components of society, it can encourage the creation of a more just, peaceful, and advanced society. The challenge is that there is resistance and rejection from traditional circles that hold fast to old thinking; the positive impact of Abduh's thinking is to encourage the constructive contribution of Muslims in various aspects of life and inspire a peaceful and progressive renewal movement. Meanwhile, the negative impact is the potential for internal conflict, because his offer of thought will face the traditionalist thinking adopted by most Indonesians.

HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAMIC THEOLOGY

This study aims to trace the historical development of theology in Islam and identify the factors that influence the emergence of various theological schools in Islam. This research also aims to understand how different theological views affect the way of thinking and lifestyle of Muslims. The research method used is the historical method which includes four stages: heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. The results show that the development of Islamic theology can be divided into three main periods: classical, medieval, and modern. In the classical period, the rational and scientific Sunnatullah theology flourished, resulting in high productivity in various fields. However, in the medieval period, the fatalistic theology of Jabariyah dominated, causing a decline in theological thought. In the modern period, Islamic thinkers such as Sayyid Ahmad Khan, Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi, Muhammad Abduh, and Hasan Hanafi tried to adapt Islamic teachings to the changing times through a rational and contextual approach. They emphasized the importance of ijtihad and reassessment of the language and historical context of classical theology to answer the challenges of modernity. This research contributes to enriching contemporary Islamic studies with in-depth insights into the evolution of theological thought in Islam.

Manhaj Bayani Ijtimai: Textual and Contextual Approach to the Quran

This article elaborates on two approaches to interpreting the Qur'an initiated by two Muslim figures. The Bayani approach was introduced by Amin al-Khuli, who was then perfected by his wife, Bintu Syati, in his work Tafsir Bayani. Meanwhile, the Ijtima'i approach is often based on Muhammad Abduh in explaining the verses of the Qur'an recorded in Tafsir al-Manar. This article uses a descriptive-analytical method. These two approaches are described and then analyzed. The results of this research show that: First, through the Bayani approach, the interpretation of the Qur'an goes through two stages: dirasah ma Hawla al-Qur'an (This study focuses on the study of the process of the Nuzul al-Qur'an, its collection, development, and circulation in Arab society as an object of revelation, as well as the socio-historical aspects of the Qur'an, including the intellectual, cultural, and geographical situation of Arab society in the seventh century when the Qur'an was revealed) and dirasah ma fi al-Qur'an (This study begins by examining the etymological meaning of the word, then looking for the functional meaning of the word in the Qur'an and examining the wording (murakkabat). Second, after finding the textual understanding based on the above two stages, the Qur'an interpretation must pay attention to the present context by considering humanist, social, and diversity elements. An interpreter of the Qur'an must know the various situations and conditions that surround the dynamics of social problems that develop. These considerations are executed because the Qur'an, as a human guide, should be able to answer all the problems of the Ummah that occur (past, present, and future). Therefore, the ijtima'i approach becomes important in understanding the content of the Qur'an. Third: The Bayani-Ijtima'i approach is one of the alternatives to interpreting the Quran for peace and humanity in the digital era.

Deviant Marriage Practices in Lolo Hilir Village According To The Marriage Law and Islamic Law

This paper discusses the basis of the Lolo Hilir community who must comply with the orders of the marriage law as a means of addressing marriage issues in the modern era. This research includes field research, which is Descriptive-Analytical in nature, using a sociological-normative approach. The results showed that the UUP must be obeyed by the Indonesian people, especially the village of Lolo Hilir by looking at the basis of the obligation in Article 27 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution in positive Indonesian law and in Islamic law also regulated in QS. An-Nisa': 59 and 83. According to Muhammad Abduh, the result of thinking in this law is ijmâ', the third source of Islamic law, which occurs because there is no definite nash or proposition regarding the problems that occur in this modern era and the law was formed by many experts including scholars, jurists, women experts and including the community, it must be obeyed for the benefit and peace so that there is a sense of security and tranquility in carrying out daily life in the community of Lolo Hilir village.

Riba dalam Al-Qur’an: Analisis Komparatif Muhammad Abduh dan Quraish Shihab

Usury "excess" is a transaction that scholars firmly agree on its prohibition. The problem then is whether every double (adh'âfan mudh'afah) is categorised as usury, this then raises various interpretations by the mufassir both classical and contemporary scholars today. This research seeks to explore the concept of usury according to the understanding of Muhammad Abduh as the foundation of modern-contemporary tafsir and M. Quraish Shihab as a contemporary tafsir. This type of research is library research (librari reseach) with a descriptive-comparative research model, and focuses on tafsir Al-Manar and tafsir Al-Mishbah as primary sources. While tafsir books, articles-journals, dictionaries, web pages, as secondary sources. The results showed that Muhammad Abduh argued that usury is forbidden which is multiple and contains elements of exploitation as it happened in pre-Islamic times. And he allows usury that contains benefits. While M. Quraish Shihab interprets usury as "excess" which contains elements of persecution and oppression so it is prohibited. Both agree on the dangers posed by usury and even Shihab quotes Abduh's expression that the usurer can be considered a disbeliever.

Contextualizing Muhammad Abduh’s Thought on Religious Tolerance in Indonesia

Indonesia, characterized by its rich religious diversity, inevitably experiences variations in religious principles. Engaging in religious practices can sometimes lead to excessive fanaticism, resulting in conflicts and divisions within religious communities. To mitigate such challenges, fostering religious tolerance becomes crucial for promoting harmony. This qualitative research employs a library research method, analyzing secondary data sources to explore the concept of tolerance as interpreted by Muhammad Abduh, an Islamic theologian and reformist, in his work “Tafsir al-Manar.” Abduh’s interpretation aligns with Surah Al-Baqarah verse 256 from the Qur’an, emphasizing the importance of mutual respect and the freedom of belief without coercion. Given Indonesia’s context, where Islam is known for its openness, inclusivity, and problem-solving capabilities, studying and embracing the concept of tolerance from “Tafsir al-Manar” is highly relevant. The study concludes that Abduh’s perspectives on religious tolerance can significantly contribute to national harmony and the advancement of humanitarian values in Indonesia.

Sejarah Islam Masa Modern di Mesir (Pembaharu di Bidang Pendidikan)

This article discusses the history of modern Islam in Egypt as well as reformers in the field of education. This research uses library research with a qualitative approach. Egypt only became an Islamic city when Umar became caliph. Over time, Egypt experienced development in the modern era, marked by the emergence of reforming figures. Renewal in Islam is a necessity in life to overcome the life problems that society needs at that time. This reform was carried out by reforming figures who proved that Islam can answer society's problems in all times and Islamic teachings can make a positive contribution to every era's development. Educational reform was pioneered by figures with their own ideas about education, including: Muhammad Ali Pasha, Al-Tahtawi, Muhammad Abduh, Rasyid Ridha, Jamaluddin Al-Afgany, Ali Mubarak, Thaha Husain, and so on.

Interpretation of Mubham's verses according to Muhammad Abduh: Thematic Interpretive Studies

Interpretation of Mubham's verses according to Muhammad Abduh: Thematic Interpretive Studies

Inconsistency of Salafi’s Bid’ah Concept

For the past century, bid’ah (in English know as religious innovation) has been a fundamental sociological problem in modern Muslim life. Regarding this aspect, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Salafi group in Indonesia used a different method to evaluate bid’ah in the rules of Islamic practices. Therefore, this research aimed to illustrate the dynamics of Salafi understanding of bid’ah in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data collected were acquired digitally from the YouTube platforms of the following Salafi figures Syafiq Riza Basalamah, and Firanda Andirja as well as written documents, uploaded websites, such as rumaysho.com by Muhammad Abduh Tuasikal, almanhaj.or.id by Yazid bin 'Abdul Qadir Jawas, and others. The result showed that Salafi provided new innovations in religious practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. This showed the inconsistency associated with Salafi teachings in bid’ah because it shifted from the Qur’an and Hadith. The inconsistency was carried out by quoting the Qur’an and Hadith from the Ashalah (puritanism) and the maslahah (public interest). This was aimed at selecting legal propositions to the conditions of the thaun (plague). In conclusion, the inconsistency of Salafi by accepting bid’ah (new innovations) to gain Covid-19 survival is proof of the acceptability of Salafi fiqh to social change.

Moderasi Beragama Minoritas Muslim Internasional di Buffalo State University Perspektif Muhammad Abduh

This research actually comes from the experience of researchers who were studying at Buffalo State University at that time. This campus is located in the city of Buffalo, which is a multicultural and multireligious city. This provides an opportunity for researchers to learn and interact with people from various religious backgrounds. This research answers two problem formulations. First, how is the religious moderation of international Muslim minorities at Buffalo State University? second, what is the analysis of religious moderation of the international Muslim minority at Buffalo State University from Muhammad Abduh’s perspective? This research uses a qualitative approach. Data collection was obtained using observation techniques and interviews with community members. This research found that first, religious moderation in this community is an attitude of tolerance between religious believers and openness to anyone in various activities held by the community. Second, this community’s attitude toward religious moderation is in accordance with the concept put forward by Muhammad Abduh, which is about the problems faced when experiencing discrimination from other religions. A calm attitude and not interfering in other people’s problems shows evidence that they have implemented religious moderation, also being neutral and not taking sides with any party is the attitude they apply in their daily lives.

QIRÂAH FÎ KHIȚÂB AL-MAR'AH: A STUDY OF GENDER ISSUES IN THE BOOK DAWÂIR AL-KHAWF

This article examines gender issues in the thoughts of Naṣr Ḥāmid Abu Zayd as stated in his book entitled Dawâir Al-Khawf Qirâah Fî Khițâb Al-Mar'ah. Naṣr Ḥāmid was originally a follower of Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun, who later turned into a liberal intellectual figure from Egypt who was known for his controversial and controversial thoughts. This study uses a literature study which refers to several main books of his works and is added to secondary sources in the form of several writings resulting from research on the thoughts of Naṣr Ḥāmid Abu Zayd. The results of this research show that Naṣr Ḥāmid criticizes the interpretations that have developed over time, especially regarding qiwâmah, inheritance, talak, polygyny and women's private parts (hijab). According to him, women are part of the substance that is rooted in human social existence in certain historical realities. These conditions of social relations determine the position of men and women equally in the social, cultural and intellectual framework. Both are equal as complete human beings. This thinking places him at the level of progressive thought and attracts many groups, which is sometimes in harmony with the ideas of early Egyptian Muslim feminists, namely Muhammad Abduh.

Harun Nasution's Theological View

This research delves into Harun Nasution's theological perspectives and the reforms he advocated, particularly within the framework of Rational Islam. It explores the historical context surrounding the concept of destiny, encompassing interpretations from the Jabariyah and Qadariyah theological schools. Employing a descriptive analysis methodology, the study elucidates Nasution's rational and scientific theological framework, emphasizing the pivotal role of reason in human actions while maintaining a symbiotic relationship with revelation. Drawing from Nasution's intellectual lineage, notably influenced by the Mu'tazilites and Muhammad Abduh, the research uncovers Nasution's paradigm shift from Traditionalist to Rationalist theology, a significant development in the Indonesian context. Nasution's reforms, detailed within, represent a departure from dogmatic interpretations, advocating instead for a nuanced understanding that reconciles intellect with revelation. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of Nasution's legacy as a modern reformer and offers insights into the evolving landscape of Islamic theology, particularly in Indonesia, by comprehensively examining his theological views and reforms and their implications for the interplay between reason and revelation in Islamic thought.

Efforts to Reform Islamic Law: An Analytical of Muhammad Abduh's Thought

This research explores the role of tasyri' during the era of imitation and decline and the period of tasyri renewal. In this context, taser serves as a key to understanding the dynamics of change within Islamic legal frameworks. During the era of imitation, an in-depth examination was conducted on how taser was implemented and potentially distorted in practice. The focus then shifts to the decline period, identifying factors contributing to deviations from tasyri's principles. Subsequently, the research scrutinizes the era of easy renewal, tracing efforts to restore the integrity and relevance of Syria in the context of the modern age. The findings of this research provide profound insights into the evolution of tasyri' and its contribution to social and legal changes in Islamic history

Muhammad Abduh's Perspective on Polygamy in the Indonesian Social Context

This article aims to delve into Muhammad Abduh's views on polygamy, evaluate its relevance in the social context of Indonesian society, and offer a broader understanding and potential solutions for Indonesian society to perceive the practice of polygamy. The research method employed is a qualitative approach focusing on literature review. This approach is designed to comprehend and analyze Muhammad Abduh's perspectives and thoughts regarding the practice of polygamy, especially within the Islamic teachings and its impact on social dynamics in Indonesia. The research findings indicate that Muhammad Abduh consistently displayed a critical stance towards polygamy. He consistently highlighted the importance of justice, equality, and well-being for all parties involved in such contexts. The relevance of Muhammad Abduh's thoughts in the Indonesian context, which encompasses a diverse society, lies in the urgency of recognizing the values of humanity and justice in applying Islamic teachings, particularly in sensitive issues like polygamy. Essentially, Abduh's viewpoints offer a perspective that considers the welfare and protection of individual rights in interpreting Islamic teachings, aligning with the social diversity present in Indonesia. Amir and Rahma argue that Tasir Al-manar has a significant and enduring influence on the formation and development of modern Islam in Indonesia.

PERKEMBANGAN HUKUM ISLAM PASCA PERIODE TAQLID (KEMAPANAN MAZHAB)

Islamic law experienced dullness and decline after the period of taklid. However, that period disappeared after Muslims sought a solution so as not to be left behind from the West which was increasingly advanced while Islam was the opposite. The revolution of Islamic thought was present during the progress of Islam after blind taklid, spearheaded by Islamic thinkers of his time, such as Abdul, Sheikh Muhammad as- Sirhindi, Sayyid Ahmad Syahid, Muhammad Abdul Wahab and so on, which made Islamic law and Islamic thought advance again. This research aims to analyze the development of Islamic law after the taqlid period. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach as a data search process. Primary and secondary data are obtained from books, electronic journal manuscripts that have been published in journals that have national and international reputations related to the development of Islamic law during the taqlid period. After the data has been obtained, data analysis is carried out to find answers to the problems raised and after that the real conclusion is drawn. The results showed that Islamic law experienced a period of development, one of which is called the Awakening period which began in the second part of the 19th century until now, with the central figures being Jalaluddin Al-Afghani (1839-1897) and Muhammad Abduh (1849-1905). Their thoughts were heavily influenced by those of Ibn Taymiyyah (1263-1328). The first characteristic is the call to establish Pan Islamism and make comprehensive changes to the Islamic world, especially in the field of utilizing reason over the Qur'an and Sunnah and at the same time releasing ties from the shackles of the madhhab. Mazhab is something common, but excessive bigotry against the mazhab is something that perishes and destroys. Second, the approach to Islamic law through Mazhab Comparison, both the Shafi'i, Maliki, Hanafi and Hambali madhabs plus the Shi'a Mazhab. Comparisons are even made with Western legal systems and other laws. Third, it is characterized by considerable attention from the European and Western world in general to study Islamic law so that they make Islamic law an official subject in the Faculty of Law. Fourth, from the development of Islamic law is the tendency in Muslim countries to return to Islamic Law as seen in the Middle East and in Southeast Asia. Even if the country is not an Islamic state, the law applied in it is Islamic law.

The Landscape of the Interplay between Religion and Science: The Experience of Islamic Discourse

This study explores current viewpoints on how science and Islam can coexist in the Islamic context, delving into the dynamic conversation at the intersection. It discusses key figures and occasions influencing the interaction between religion and science in Islam, following the dynamic interplay from the modern to post-modern periods. One of the findings is that scholars who initially brought these discussions to the forefront in the modern age, such as Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, and Muhammad Abduh, coincided with the rise of nation-states and the dissolution of the caliphate in 1924. The paper also delves into the ideas of Tantawi Jawhari’s “scientific miracle” and Naquib al-Attas’s “Islamization of science and knowledge.” It also sheds light on the ongoing discourse that aims to synthesise these domains and promote interdisciplinary convergence, particularly in the areas of religion and science.