Admired in the West for their small scale, their unusual color schemes (bright reds and hot yellows, light mauves, and saturated greens), and their delicate lines, later Indian paintings from the Hindu and Muslim courts in the north often stand for the entire tradition of Indian painting. Dating from the sixteenth through the nineteenth centuries, and sometimes painted at a court made up of an area of no more than five miles square, these pictures consist of a wide variety of subjects and themes ranging from religious and literary texts to portraits of rulers and representations of court women. The illustrated manuscripts are more commonly associated with the Hindu courts ruled by the Rajputs in northwest India, whereas portraiture and other secular themes are seen as the domain of the contemporaneous Indo-Islamic court of the Mughals with capitals at nearby Agra and Delhi.