Elasmobranch populations within the eastern Mediterranean Sea are in decline because of both direct and indirect fishing pressure from bottom trawl fisheries. Unfortunately biological information pertaining to these cartilagenous fish within this region is extremely limited and the harvest of these species is unregulated (Basusta et al., 2008; Cek et al., 2009; TFS, 2009; Ceyhan et al., 2010). This combination of factors has led to the depletion of many elasmobranchii throughout the worlds oceans (e.g. Dulvy and Reynolds, 2002; Sulikowski et al., 2007) and continues to limit the development of management plans (e.g. Hoff and Musick, 1990; Leaman, 1991; Munk, 2001). The Lusitanian cownose ray (Rhinoptera marginata) is a large epibenthic ray that inhabits sandy and muddy substrate at depths between 20 and 100 m along the western coasts of Africa and the Mediterranean Sea (Whitehead et al., 1984; Golani et al., 2006). R. marginata is the only Rhinopterid species in the Mediterranean Sea where this batiod is considered rare (Basusta and Erdem, 2000). Information pertaining to this species has thus been limited to systematic and distribution studies (Basusta and Erdem, 2000; Quignard and Tomasini, 2000; Bilecenoglu et al., 2002). The rarity of R. marginata coupled with the lack of biological data has led to its designation by the IUCN as Near Threatened (Abdul Malak et al., 2011). Owing to the recent commercial interest in this elasmobranch species and a potentially small population size, information on the life history of R. Marginata is both timely and imperative. Information herein provides the first account of the reproductive biology of this species in the Mediterranean Sea, a fundamental aspect essential for the proper management of this species (Walker, 2005).