Mucous Cyst Research Articles

Surgical Deroofing and Trichloroacetic Acid Application: A Novel Treatment for Digital Mucous Cysts.

Digital mucous cysts (DMCs) are benign cysts located in digital interphalangeal joints or the proximal nail fold. Despite various treatments, standardized guidelines are lacking, and recurrence rates remain high. This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of a novel treatment combining surgical deroofing with trichloroacetic acid application. This study was conducted on 27 patients with DMCs treated from 2019 to 2022. Clinical features and therapeutic responses were documented with photographic records at the initial presentation and follow-ups. Histopathological examinations confirmed diagnoses and classified histopathological types. Among 27 lesions, 20 were within the proximal nail fold, 7 were beneath the proximal nail fold; 26 were ganglionic, and 1 was myxomatous. Four patients required multiple treatments within 6 months due to recurrences. Long-term follow-up showed clinical improvement in all patients: 17 achieved complete remission, and 8 showed partial improvement. The treatment was effective regardless of cyst type, with minimal complications and mild postoperative pain resolving within days. The combination of surgical deroofing and trichloroacetic acid application minimizes complications and enhances efficacy. It allows for repetitive treatments in case of recurrence, making it a viable option for managing persistent DMCs, with favorable outcomes and minimal complications.

Automatic maxillary sinus segmentation and pathology classification on cone-beam computed tomographic images using deep learning

BackgroundMaxillofacial complex automated segmentation could alternative traditional segmentation methods to increase the effectiveness of virtual workloads. The use of DL systems in the detection of maxillary sinus and pathologies will both facilitate the work of physicians and be a support mechanism before the planned surgeries.ObjectiveThe aim was to use a modified You Only Look Oncev5x (YOLOv5x) architecture with transfer learning capabilities to segment both maxillary sinuses and maxillary sinus diseases on Cone-Beam Computed Tomographic (CBCT) images.MethodsData set consists of 307 anonymised CBCT images of patients (173 women and 134 males) obtained from the radiology archive of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology. Bilateral maxillary sinuses CBCT scans were used to identify mucous retention cysts (MRC), mucosal thickenings (MT), total and partial opacifications, and healthy maxillary sinuses without any radiological features.ResultsRecall, precision and F1 score values for total maxillary sinus segmentation were 1, 0.985 and 0.992, respectively; 1, 0.931 and 0.964 for healthy maxillary sinus segmentation; 0.858, 0.923 and 0.889 for MT segmentation; 0.977, 0.877 and 0.924 for MRC segmentation; 1, 0.942 and 0.970 for sinusitis segmentation.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that maxillary sinuses can be segmented, and maxillary sinus diseases can be accurately detected using the AI model.

Ultrasound-Guided Interphalangeal Injection (US-IPI) of Mucoid Cysts as a Non-Surgical Option: Technical Notes and Clinical Efficacy

Ultrasound-Guided Interphalangeal Injection (US-IPI) of Mucoid Cysts as a Non-Surgical Option: Technical Notes and Clinical Efficacy

Sclerotherapy for the intraoral ranula with bleomycin: technical considerations and preliminary experience

Ranula is a mucous cyst that occurs in the sublingual gland (SLG) in the floor of the mouth. It can be classified into two types based on origins: One is the the lesser sublingual gland (LSLG) in the anterior segment and the Rivini duct, which is connected to it, and the other is the greater sublingual gland (GSLG) in the posterior segment. Because of the anatomical characteristics, surgical resection of the cysts carries the risk of damaging adjacent tissues and has a high recurrence rate. Intralesional injection of sclerotherapy may be a better alternative treatment. We summarized 65 cases of ranula treated with intralesional injections of bleomycin(BML). According to the origin of the ranula, 60 cases were from the LSLG and the Rivini duct, and 5 cases were from the GSLG. The results showed that 60 cases of ranula from LSLG and Rivini ducts were 100% cured during the follow-up period. The median number of injections for all patients was 1.16. All 5 cases of ranula from the GSLG did not wholly recover. This study confirmed that BLM intralesional injection is a safe and effective treatment modality for cysts from LSLG or the ducts of Rivini rather than GSLG. Therefore, before treatment, it is necessary to determine the type and origin of the cyst by characterizing its morphology to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment.

Retrospective analysis of pathological changes in the maxillary sinus with CBCT

The aim of this study is to examine the frequency of maxillary sinus pathologies and their relationship with each other using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to make a new grade according to the number of affected walls. 1000 maxillary sinuses of 500 patients with CBCT images were included in the study. Anatomical variations and pathological formations of the maxillary sinuses were examined. Images were evaluated for the presence of flat, polypoidal, partial and generalized mucosal thickening, partial and total opacification, polyps and mucous retention cysts. Maxillary sinus pathologies were graded according to the number of walls affected. In the examined CBCT images, no pathology was found in 54.2% of the maxillary sinuses, while pathology was observed in 45.8%. The most common sinus pathologies were mucous retention cyst (12.3%) and polypoidal thickening (12.2%). While pneumatization, ostium obstruction, and the presence of sinus-related roots were associated with sinus pathology, no relationship was found with nasal septum deviation and the presence of septa. Before dental implant and sinus surgery applications, the presence of sinus pathologies and their relationship with anatomical variations can be evaluated with CBCT, a three-dimensional technique, and complications such as sinus membrane perforation, infection, failure to break the bone window due to the presence of antral septa, graft loss and oroantral fistula formation can be reduced.

Use of a Dorsal Digital Perforator Flap after Total Cyst Resection, Osteophyte Resection, and Synovia Intraarticular Curettage in the Treatment of a Large Mucous Cyst

Use of a Dorsal Digital Perforator Flap after Total Cyst Resection, Osteophyte Resection, and Synovia Intraarticular Curettage in the Treatment of a Large Mucous Cyst

OSteosarcoma of Ethmoid Sinus-A Rare Entity.

Osteogenic sarcoma of the Craniofacial region are uncommon.They have been mainly reported in the mandible and the maxilla, Primary osteosarcoma arising from ethmoid sinus is an extremely rare condition. We report a case of 34 year old male, presented with gradually increasing swelling over the right medial canthus with history of double vision for one year. Clinically we thought it was a mucous retention cyst in the ethmoid area. After doing Contrast enhanced CT, we proceeded with transnasal endoscopic removal of the cyst. Histopathological examination of the specimen surprisingly turned out to be a low grade Osteogenic sarcoma. Patient was treated with adjuvant chemotherapy.

Dorsal wrist ganglion: clinical and imaging correlation in symptomatic population based on high-field MRI

Abstract Objectives To determine prevalence in the symptomatic population of dorsal mucoid cysts centered on dorsal capsuloscapholunate septum (DCSS) using high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for anatomoclinical and epidemiological correlations. Materials and methods This single-center retrospective study analyzed all 3-Tesla MRIs consecutively performed for painful wrists in 295 patients. Two blinded readers performed measurements. The protocol included T1 spin echo and 3D proton density sequences with fat saturation. Inter-observer reliability was assessed using kappa and intra-class correlation coefficients for cyst detection and volumetry, respectively. Disagreements concerning cyst detection were resolved by a consensus reading. Cyst size, relationship to extrinsic and scapholunate ligaments (SL), continuity of SL, minimum distance to the posterior interosseous nerve (PIN), cyst communication with joint, and anatomical classifications of cysts were analyzed. Correlation tests were performed to assess associations. Results Two-hundred ninety-five patients (mean age 39.6 +/− 15.6 (standard deviation), 161 males) were evaluated for detection of dorsal wrist cysts identified in 150/295. In this subgroup, the mean age was 38.7 years (15–75), the sex ratio of 0.6 (59% women), and the median volume cyst of 8.7 mm3 (0.52–2555). Cyst detection, volume, and major axis measurements showed very high agreement between observers, respectively, 0.89, 0.96, and 0.91. 42 patients had dorsal SL pain. A weak negative correlation was found between distance to PIN and dorsal SL pain (r = −0.2415; p < 0.05) and a weak positive correlation between Guérini’s classification and dorsal SL pain (r = 0.2466; p < 0.05). Conclusion High-field MRI is the modality of choice for the detection, anatomical, and volumetric assessment of dorsal cysts. Preoperative assessment will be aided by the proposed revised anatomical classification. Clinical relevance statement High-field MRI is the modality of choice for the anatomical study of dorsal ganglion cysts. It allows the radiologist to accurately describe the anatomical relationships, size, and visibility of the pedicle, essential information for the surgeon’s preoperative assessment. Key Points Dorsal mucoid wrist ganglion is a condition for which prevalence remains to be determined. High-field MRI is a reproducible imaging modality for the detection and assessment of dorsal wrist cysts. High-field MRI has a key role in the preoperative management of dorsal mucoid cysts.

Croco Eye Technique: Mucous Retention Cyst Excision with Immediate Open Sinus Lift-A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: A mucous retention cyst is a common, asymptomatic lesion that may cause complications during or after the sinus lift procedure. The goal of this study is to assess the effectiveness of the Croco Eye Technique (CET), which allows simultaneous excision of the cyst and sinus floor elevation. Methods: The technique was thoroughly described in two versions, and the group of 33 patients was analyzed. Patients who qualified for this procedure had insufficient alveolar ridge height, and their CBCT showed radiological images typical for retention cysts. Analyzed parameters included the version of CET, demographic data, anatomical parameters, intraoperative complications, recurrence of the cyst, success rate of the sinus lift and implants, and the follow-up period. Results: Out of the 33 cases, 9 were of the primary version (27.27%) and 24 of the final version (72.73%). The average height of a retention cyst was 24.05 mm, with the average alveolar ridge height of 1.86 mm. In three cases (9.09%), implants were placed immediately. The prevalence of uncontrolled Schneiderian membrane perforation was reduced from 55.56% to 4.17% between the primary and final versions. The cyst's recurrence rate was 3.13%. The implant survival rate was 100%. The mean follow-up period was 48.625 months (max 110 months). Conclusions: The Croco Eye Technique, despite the perforation of the Schneiderian membrane, enables successful sinus lift and implantation with a success rate of 100%. Excision of the retention cyst, which is the cause of perforation, allows for limiting the risk of the cyst's recurrence.

The Zitelli bilobed flap for soft tissue coverage after mucoid cyst resection: a retrospective cohort study

Purpose: Digital mucoid cysts are frequently found at the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint in patients with degenerative osteoarthritis. In complicated cases, surgical treatment with mucoid cyst resection is considered, and soft tissue is covered with one of various local flap techniques. Among these, bilobed flaps are reliable and aesthetically favorable, with primary healing of the donor site. In this study, we investigated a case series of bilobed flaps for digital mucoid cysts.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our electronic medical records and found 26 digital mucoid cysts treated with bilobed flaps at our facility between July 2022 and February 2024. We extracted data from the records of these patients on sex; age; time to surgery; clinical findings including nail ridging, the presence of osteophytes, cyst size and location, and additional procedures (arthrodesis); and follow-up data including the occurrence of complications, such as delayed wound healing, infection, stiffness, and recurrence.Results: Among the 26 patients in our sample, 19 were female and seven were male. The average age was 62.2 years, and the average time to surgery was 10.8 months. Preoperatively, the average cyst measured 6.9×8.3 mm. Nail ridging was found in 19 patients (73.1%) and osteophytes in 22 patients (84.6%). The most commonly affected digit was the middle finger, which accounted for 10 cases (38.5%). All the flaps totally survived, without major complications.Conclusion: Based on our series, a bilobed flap for soft tissue coverage after mucoid cyst excision can achieve high-quality surgical results.

Oral Mucocele in Pediatric Patient: A Case Report

Mucoceles can appear anywhere on the oral mucosa where there are minor salivary glands. Because the diagnosis is mostly clinical in character, it is important to appropriately do the anamnesis in order to look for any prior trauma. Extravasation and retention mucocele are the two main forms that can develop. Although retention mucoceles can appear anywhere, extravasation mucoceles typically occur on the lower lip. Histologically, mucoceles can be divided into extravasation types and retention types, with extravasation types being more prevalent. The extravasation mucocele, also known as a "mucous retention cyst," lacks an epithelial lining and a defined border. It is thought that trauma to a small salivary gland excretory duct causes an extravasation mucocele to occur. Saliva pools in the nearby submucosal tissue as a result of duct laceration, which causes edema. The obstruction of a minor salivary gland duct, frequently by a sialolith, periductal scarring, or tumor, results in the retention type mucocele. Saliva builds up and the duct enlarges due to the obstruction of salivary flow. A 9-year-old child arrived to Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta with his mother, complaining of a lump on his lower lip. Patient frequently bit his lips since the lump has been there for a few months. It did not hurt and occasionally grew in size. The lump bothered the patient. The dentist performed minor surgery to remove the mucocele. Minor surgery was performed with infiltration anesthesia around the mucocele and then used blade no. 15 for excision of the mucocele. For postoperative wounds, braided surgical sutured silk was used. Post-operative instructions were given, antibiotics and analgetic were prescribed. Patient was recalled after 1 week for the removal of sutures. No recurrence was seen after a follow up at 1 month and 3 months.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue 01: 2024 Page: S53

Mucous extravasation phenomenon: A clinicopathologic evaluation of 68 cases.

A mucocele is a benign, mucus-containing cystic lesion of the minor salivary gland also called a sialocele and ptyalocele. Two types are recognized as mucus extravasation cyst and the other is retention type. To evaluate the clinicopathologic features of oral mucocele cases. The archival blocks which were signed out as mucocele were taken for the study. The following parameters such as age, gender, history of trauma, site, histological features, and clinical presentations were taken into consideration. 68 cases of mucous extravasation cysts were analysed, among which 58% were males and 42% were females. Age of the patients ranged from 4 to 70 years with an average of 20 years. The most common locations were the lower lip (87%), tongue (5%) and buccal mucosa (8%). Almost 53% of cases are seen on the left side of the oral cavity. Most of the cases presented a history of trauma. Histopathologically 23% of cases presented with muciphages in the lumen and connective tissue. The commonly encountered benign salivary lesion of the oral cavity is the mucus extravasation phenomenon of the mucocele. Various histopathological features were discussed in this study to avoid misdiagnosis of this common lesion in dental practice.

Mucous Cysts of Fingers: Diagnostics and Treatment Mistakes

Background. Mucous cysts of hand represent tumor-like masses. This pathology is associated with a large number of diagnostic and treatment mistakes with inappropriate procedures and incomplete surgical interventions, which result in recurrences and complications.
 Aim of the study — to analyze diagnostics and treatment mistakes in patients with mucous cysts of fingers in order to improve the quality of medical care for patients with this pathology.
 Methods. The study enrolled 62 patients. Diagnostics included medical history analysis, clinical and X-ray examination, and ultrasonography. According to the patients’ history, they were divided into two groups: group 1 consisted of patients who had come to the clinic for the first time, group 2 — of patients who had referred to the clinic with recurrences of mucous cysts. All patients underwent surgical interventions with osteophyte excision of the phalanx and skin defect grafting after cyst excision. Treatment results were evaluated 2, 6, 12 months after the operation using X-ray data, VAS, QuickDash questionnaire, and measurements of the range of motion in the distal interphalangeal joint.
 Results. Initial referrals of group 2 patients (with disease recurrence) were analyzed in terms of the profile of specialists and the type of care provided. It was found that patients with recurrence had undergone procedures (cyst puncture, cauterization, removal of thin skin over the cyst) or surgeries without osteophyte excision of the phalanx and skin defect grafting after cyst excision. The use of a diagnostic algorithm at the referral stage made it possible to confirm the diagnosis and detect an osteophyte of the affected phalanx in all patients. Patients were followed up for a year.
 Conclusion. At the diagnostic stage, X-ray and ultrasonography are conclusive methods of examination. The only correct method of mucous cysts treatment is radical surgery including skin defect grafting with local tissues after cyst excision and osteophyte removal.

Mucocele Treatment in Pediatric Patient at RSGM UMY

Background : Mucoceles is minor salivary gland lession. The extravasation mucocele, commonly referred to as a "mucous retention cyst," does not have an epithelial lining or a well-defined boundary. An extravasation mucocele is believed to be caused by damage to a tiny salivary gland excretory duct. Saliva accumulates in the adjacent submucosal tissue due to a tear in the duct, leading to swelling. Retention type mucocele occurs when a small salivary gland duct is blocked, often by a sialolith, periductal scarring, or tumor. Salivary flow blockage leads to the accumulation of saliva and the enlargement of the duct. Objective : To provide treatment for mucocele in a pediatric patient at RSGM UMY Case Report : A 9-year-old patient came to RSGM UMY accompanied by his mother, complain he has swelling on lower lip. He often bite the lower lip for a long time. It is painless and sometimes increases in size. His experiencing discomfort due to the bump. Method : The mucocele was excised using infiltration anesthetic and a blade no. 15. Surgical sutured silk braided was utilized for postoperative wound closure. The patient was provided with post-operative instructions and prescribed antibiotics and analgesics. The patient was scheduled for a follow-up appointment after one week to have the sutures removed. Result : No complaints after control 1 month and 3 months after treatment Conclusion : Surgical removal remains the optimal choice for treating mucoceles due to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness compared to laser ablation, cryosurgery, and electrocautery

CLINICOMORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES, DIAGNOSTIC AND TREATMENT OF CYSTS OF THE MINOR SALIVARY GLANDS

Small salivary gland cysts occupy a large percentage in the structure of oral cavity diseases in children and adults.
 The aim of the study is to determine the main diagnostic criteria and treatment tactics for patients with small salivary gland cysts.
 Materials and methods. 5 adult patients aged from 21 to 50 years and 2 children aged from 3 and 16 years were examined and surgical removal of small salivary gland cysts was performed. Pathohistologic studies of biopsy material were performed.
 Results obtained. Women (85.7%) prevail among the patients with cysts of the minor salivary gland. The average age of the patients was 27,0±6,1 years. The most frequent localization of small salivary gland cysts was the mucous membrane of the lower lip (85,7%). In 5 patients it was confirmed that the cause of cyst formation was mechanical trauma, namely biting or bruising of the lower lip. Clinically, a cyst of the minor salivary gland was a single oval or rounded mass with a size ranging from 0.4 to 1.1 cm. The average size of the cyst was 0.69±0.08 cm in diameter.
 According to the results of the pathohistological examination, the extravasation type of cyst of the minor salivary gland was determined in 3 patients, the retention cyst was also determined in 3 patients on the lower lip. A superficial extravasation cyst has been diagnosed on a soft palate in a woman aged 50 years old.
 In 3 patients, cystectomy was carried out in a traditional surgical method, in 4 patients with the use of a high-intensity diode laser. Hyaluronic acid gel hyaDENT BG was used to accelerate wound healing after laser ablation.
 Conclusion. Based on literature analysis and own clinical observations, the main etiological factors and clinical-morphological signs of various clinical variants of cysts of the minor salivary glands were determined. It is shown that only the mucous retention cyst is a true cyst, because it histologically has an internal epithelial lining.

Digital mucous cyst marsupialization: Surgical technique

Digital mucous cysts are benign synovial fluid collections that typically involve the lateral or dorsal surfaces of the distal interphalangeal joints (DIPJs) or beneath the proximal nail fold. They are typically found in the setting of arthritic degeneration of the underlying joint and occur most frequently between the fifth and seventh decades. 1 Many treatment options for digital mucous cysts have been described, ranging from conservative/minimally invasive to complete surgical excision, with no consensus on best technique. Here, a surgical approach is presented which allows access to address the cyst pedicle as well as any underlying osteophyte while preserving the overlying skin with good outcomes even with compromised or involved dermis and epidermis. This is a reproducible, readily adaptable technique. The surgical technique is presented and reviewed in detail.

Treating lower lip fistulas in Van der Woude syndrome using inverted‐T lip reduction: An experience

AbstractObjectiveVan der Woude syndrome is characterized by the concurrence of cleft lip and palate with lower lip fistulas. During fistula resection, care must be taken to maintain the function of the orbicularis oris and restore the normal shape of the lips. Several reports have documented various resection methods; however, the most appropriate surgical resection is controversial. In this report, lower lip fistulas were resected using an inverted‐T surgical design.MethodsOf the six patients with Van der Woude syndrome who underwent resection of the lower lip fistula in our department between January 2007 and December 2015, three patients who underwent inverted‐T lip reduction were included. The postoperative position‐dependent morphology of the fistulas was examined.ResultsFive years postoperatively, no complications such as postoperative infections, mucous retention cyst formation, a dysmorphic appearance of the lip, or fistula recurrence were observed. Moreover, a stable wound morphology was evident.ConclusionsThe inverted‐T lip reduction seems to be promising technique for the excision of lower lip fistulas in patients with Van der Woude syndrome, yielding good results.

Maxillary Sinus Augmentation and Implant Installation in Patients With Pseudocysts and Mucous Retention Cysts.

This case study systematically assessed diverse approaches to sinus augmentation in the presence of sinus pathology. Three patients were carefully selected and categorized as pseudocyst (PsC) (type 1), mucous retention cyst (MRC) smaller than 20mm (type 2), and MRC larger than 20mm in size (type 3). All patients underwent sinus augmentation procedures, with each case utilizing a unique surgical approach. Spontaneous drainage was performed for the patient with PsC (type 1), followed by uncomplicated sinus augmentation. For the patient with an MRC smaller than 20mm (type 2), aspiration of the cyst contents preceded sinus augmentation. Conversely, the patient with a larger MRC (type 3) underwent cyst enucleation followed by sinus augmentation after complete recovery of the sinus membrane. No complications were noted in any of the cases, and follow-up revealed stable implant installation at the site of sinus augmentation. Within the constraints of this study, the choice of surgical procedure, whether involving spontaneous drainage, aspiration, or enucleation, should be guided by an anticipated pathologic diagnosis and the size of the sinus cyst. This informed approach empowers clinicians to make well-informed decisions for the best possible outcomes and sustained results. Overall, this study offers valuable insights for clinicians seeking to optimize sinus augmentation procedures in the presence of sinus pathology.

Efficacy of Bleomycin Intralesional Injection for Treating Digital Mucous Cysts: A Comparative Study of Corticosteroid Intralesional Injection and Surgical Excision.

Sclerotherapy has shown superior efficacy among the nonsurgical options for managing digital mucous cysts (DMC). Notably, previous research has indicated that bleomycin offers a more favorable side-effect profile and similar efficacy to conventional sclerosing agents. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of bleomycin intralesional injection (ILI) for treating DMC through a comparative analysis of corticosteroid ILI and surgical excision. We retrospectively reviewed electronic medical records and clinical photographs. Telephone interviews were conducted to further investigate long-term treatment efficacy, safety, and overall treatment satisfaction. Ten patients underwent surgical excision, and 13 and 15 patients received bleomycin and corticosteroid ILI, respectively. Both surgical excision and bleomycin ILI demonstrated superior treatment efficacy compared to corticosteroid ILI. No statistically significant difference in the treatment effectiveness between surgical excision and bleomycin ILI was observed. No significant adverse effects were observed. In the survey, the level of satisfaction was the highest for bleomycin ILI, followed by surgical excision and corticosteroid ILI. This study revealed that bleomycin ILI exhibits a treatment efficacy higher than that of corticosteroid ILI and slightly lower than that of surgical excision, without any side effects. Therefore, bleomycin ILI is a safe and effective therapeutic option for the treatment of DMC.

Presentation, Radiologic Features, and Treatment Options of Congenital Tongue Tumors: A Comprehensive Review.

Congenital tumors of the tongue are rare in pediatric patients but encompass a diverse range of entities. Each tumor type exhibits distinct clinical behaviors, necessitating a precise approach to differentiating the tumor types and a tailored, tumor-specific treatment regimen. Advanced imaging techniques, such as diffusion-weighted imaging and perfusion studies, play a vital role in differentiating benign and malignant tongue tumors. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the presentation, imaging features, and treatment of congenital tongue tumors. A literature review was conducted by searching studies on congenital tongue tumors in databases such as PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus. Relevant data, such as clinical features, radiologic characteristics, treatment modalities, and outcomes for different tumor types, were extracted from the selected articles. Our literature review reveals the various entities of congenital tongue tumors, which can be categorized in terms of hereditary pattern, phenotype, and rarity. Congenital tongue tumors include a range of vascular malformations, such as hemangiomas, lymphatic malformations, arteriovenous malformations, and venous malformations. Another entity is represented by cystic lesions, including dermoid cysts, epidermoid cysts, ranulas, and mucous retention cysts. Rare malignant neoplasms include teratomas and rhabdomyosarcomas. These tumor types vary in terms of swelling, respiratory distress, or impaired oral function, depending on size and location. The detection of these tumors can be carried out using imaging modalities, such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography, which are utilized to facilitate diagnosis and differentiation. At present, surgical excision remains the cornerstone of treatment, while other modalities may be adopted, depending on tumor type and extent. The prognosis of congenital tongue tumors can be affected by tumor's site, size, involvement of vital structures, and malignancy. Given their diversity and complexity, congenital tongue tumors, albeit uncommon, require specialized clinical treatments tailored to each tumor type's characteristics. Understanding the variable presentations and imaging features enables accurate diagnosis, while customized treatment strategies are key to optimizing outcomes and minimizing morbidity in pediatric tongue tumors. This review summarizes current knowledge aimed at enhancing differential diagnosis and management of these diverse entities.