CLINICOMORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES, DIAGNOSTIC AND TREATMENT OF CYSTS OF THE MINOR SALIVARY GLANDS

Abstract

Small salivary gland cysts occupy a large percentage in the structure of oral cavity diseases in children and adults.
 The aim of the study is to determine the main diagnostic criteria and treatment tactics for patients with small salivary gland cysts.
 Materials and methods. 5 adult patients aged from 21 to 50 years and 2 children aged from 3 and 16 years were examined and surgical removal of small salivary gland cysts was performed. Pathohistologic studies of biopsy material were performed.
 Results obtained. Women (85.7%) prevail among the patients with cysts of the minor salivary gland. The average age of the patients was 27,0±6,1 years. The most frequent localization of small salivary gland cysts was the mucous membrane of the lower lip (85,7%). In 5 patients it was confirmed that the cause of cyst formation was mechanical trauma, namely biting or bruising of the lower lip. Clinically, a cyst of the minor salivary gland was a single oval or rounded mass with a size ranging from 0.4 to 1.1 cm. The average size of the cyst was 0.69±0.08 cm in diameter.
 According to the results of the pathohistological examination, the extravasation type of cyst of the minor salivary gland was determined in 3 patients, the retention cyst was also determined in 3 patients on the lower lip. A superficial extravasation cyst has been diagnosed on a soft palate in a woman aged 50 years old.
 In 3 patients, cystectomy was carried out in a traditional surgical method, in 4 patients with the use of a high-intensity diode laser. Hyaluronic acid gel hyaDENT BG was used to accelerate wound healing after laser ablation.
 Conclusion. Based on literature analysis and own clinical observations, the main etiological factors and clinical-morphological signs of various clinical variants of cysts of the minor salivary glands were determined. It is shown that only the mucous retention cyst is a true cyst, because it histologically has an internal epithelial lining.