Mucoid Discharge Research Articles

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome: A Bloody Relationship.

Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SURS) is a poorly understood and uncommon benign disorder of the lower gastrointestinal tract. It presents with various symptoms, often misinterpreted as inflammatory bowel disease. To date, there is no association between the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and SURS. A 29-year-old male on paroxetine for six months and with a non-contributory surgical history presented to the clinic due to three months of haematochezia, abdominal pain and mucoid discharge. Physical examination and a review of systems were unremarkable; a colonoscopy demonstrated a suspicious ulcerated lesion in the rectum, which was identified as SURS on biopsy. The patient was advised lifestyle and dietary modifications. In addition, paroxetine was discontinued, and patient was switched to venlafaxine, a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. Subsequently, the patient's symptoms resolved gradually, and he did not report any signs of recurrence on follow-up. Literature confirms that SSRIs can increase the occurrence of GI ulceration yet focuses specifically on upper gastrointestinal bleeding rather than rectal bleeding. This finding raises the need for further research. SURS is often underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed as inflammatory bowel disease.The pathophysiology and aetiology behind SURS remain obscure.This case points to a potential correlation between SSRIs use and SURS development.

Ayurvedic management for Sirajpidaka w.s.r. to nodular episcleritis: A Case Report

Nodular episcleritis is characterized by a discrete, elevated area of inflamed episcleral tissue. In simple episcleritis, vascular congestion is present in the absence of an obvious nodule. The episclera is a fibroelastic structure consisting of two layers loosely joined together. By appearance it looks similar to conjunctivitis, but there is no mucoid discharge. It typically affects young adults. There are many treatments available for nodular episcleritis but all include the use of corticosteroids which on long run produces side effects like posterior subcapsular cataract, glaucoma, allergic conjunctivitis. Development of a treatment protocol devoid of corticosteroids is the need of today`s era. In Ayurveda, the signs and symptoms of episcleritis can be compared with the Lakshanas of Sirajpidaka, described in Shuklagatroga. The present paper discusses a case of Nodular episcleritis management with Ayurvedic principles.

The Pattern of Bacterial Infections Among Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media Cases at a Tertiary Care Centre in North-East India.

Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a chronic inflammation of the mucoperiosteal lining of the middle ear cleft, presenting with recurrent ear discharge through a tympanic membrane perforation. The present study aims to assess the spectrum of bacterial infection among CSOM cases and detect the isolated organism's antibiotic sensitivity pattern. The prospective hospital-based observational study was conducted from June 2021 to June 2022 and included 94 CSOM cases. An aural swab of the ear discharge was collected from each patient under aseptic precautions. The swab was utilized for Gram's staining and the aerobic bacterial pathogen culture. The organisms isolated were tested for antibiotic sensitivity using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The most affected age group was the second decade of life (27.7%, n=26), with a male-to-female ratio of 1.35:1. The mean duration of ear discharge was 24.0±14.7 months, mostly mucoid ear discharge (39.4%, n=37). Among gram-positive bacteria, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 16 (17.0%) cases. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most isolated gram-negative bacteria strain in 26 (27.7%) cases. Cotrimoxazole (67.7%, n=21) had the highest sensitivity towards gram-positive bacteria isolates. Amongst gram-negative bacteria, amikacin and ciprofloxacin were the most sensitive, with 78.0% (n=39) susceptibility. Evaluating the spectrum of infecting organisms of CSOM and their antibiotic sensitivity may help initiate prompt treatment with the appropriate antibiotic regimen, thereby preventing future complications.

Ileal prolapse through patent omphalomesenteric duct in a two year-old boy: a case report

BackgroundPatent omphalomesenteric duct is one of the birth defects included in the spectrum of vitelline duct abnormalities. It is a rare anomaly with estimated prevalence of 0.13–0.2% in the general population. The most common presentation of patent vitelline duct is yellowish or mucoid type umbilical discharge which is usually noted in neonatal age or infancy. The main stay of diagnosis is clinical and outcome is favorable as long as timely surgical correction is offered. Here we present a 2 years old male child who presented with ileal prolapse through patent vitelline duct which is an exceptional mode of presentation of this pathology.Case presentation2 years old Ethiopian male child who was noticed to have umbilical discharge since early infancy presented with protrusion of pinkish mass per the umbilicus of 4 h duration. He had no signs and symptoms of bowel obstruction. Abdominal examination revealed a prolapsed bowel which was viable via the umbilicus which was about 6 cm long. Otherwise, he had no abdominal tenderness or rigidity. He was explored with a smiley incision just above the umbilicus. The prolapsed bowel was reduced gently to the abdominal cavity. The tract of the Patent vitelline duct was identified and completely resected along with a wedge of ileum at its base. Primary repair of the ileal end where the tract was inserted was done in two layers and abdomen was closed in layers. The child had smooth post op course and was discharged on the 4th post-operative day.ConclusionProlapse of a bowel through the umbilicus is unusual presentation of a rare anomaly namely patent vitelline duct. This presentation warrants early surgical intervention before bowel ischemia issues. Hence, all clinicians dealing with children should be aware of this rare pathology so that urgent surgical management can be offered.

Surgical outcome of type I tympanoplasty in different types of mucosal chronic otitis media: a prospective study

Background: Chronic otitis media (COM) is a long-standing infection of middle ear cleft, causes severe destruction and leading to irreversible sequelae. The interval to convert discharging ear into dry is variable. Extensive counselling is required to keep these patients motivated for prolonged treatment duration. Hence, the study was conducted. Methods: A prospective study was carried out at NKP Salve and Lata Mangeshkar Hospital Nagpur, Maharashtra, between the age group of 16-60 years, who underwent type 1 tympanoplasty. Results were statistically analysed with respect to graft uptake, hearing improvement and size of perforation over a period of 2 years. Temporalis fascia was taken as a graft material. Results: Out of 70 cases, 38 cases had inactive ears and 32 cases had minimal, mucoid ear discharge (Active ear), which bacteriologically showed no organism. M:F ratio was 1.12:1. Graft uptake was successful in 92.11% of the cases in inactive group and 93.75% of the cases in active group. Graft uptake was 100% in small and moderate perforation. Hearing improvement was achieved in 71.05% of cases in the inactive group and 78.12% of cases in the active group, as measured by closure of the air-bone gap (ABG) and improvement in conductive hearing (significant >10 dB). We found no difference in the success rates. Conclusions: Presence of minimal discharge will not affect the surgical outcome of type 1 tympanoplasty in terms of graft uptake, hearing improvement and size of perforation.

Ayurveda Management of Viral Conjunctivitis (Raktaja Abhishyanda) – A Case Report

Conjunctivitis, also known as "pink eye", is inflammation of the conjunctiva. The three most common causes of conjunctivitis are viral, allergic, and bacterial, and the majority of cases are caused by adenovirus. It’s outbreak is not uncommon. Outbreak usually linked to people congregation settings like hostels , classrooms, shared accommodations etc. Conjunctivitis causes the eye to appear erythematous secondary to the dilation of blood vessels and is usually accompanied by increased tearing or mucoid discharge. This activity describes the risk factors, evaluation, and management of viral conjunctivitis and highlights the role of the practitioners in enhancing care delivery to affected patients. In Ayurveda, Viral Conjunctivitis can be correlated to Raktaja Abhishyanada.

Detection of canine obstructive nasal disease using infrared thermography: A pilot study.

Infrared thermography detects variations in heat signature and is utilized in other species to non-invasively identify respiratory disease. This study aimed to determine if infrared thermography could be used to detect nasal disease in dogs. Eight dogs presenting for nasal disease (ND group) and ten healthy control dogs (C group) were enrolled. Dorsal and rostral images of the nose were acquired using a Fluke TiX580 60Hz thermal imaging camera. Images were analyzed using the accompanying software. Regions of interest were defined over the right and left nasal passages to determine the maximum (max), average (avg), and minimum (min) temperatures. Temperatures were compared between ND and C groups, and correlation to disease state (ND or C) was evaluated. Temperature differences and imaging patterns were subjectively compared with diagnosis based on computed tomography (CT) and histopathology. The ND group consisted of 5 spayed females and 3 neutered males. Clinical sings included unilateral epistaxis (n = 4); bilateral serous discharge and sneezing (n = 1); bilateral mucopurulent discharge, epistaxis, and sneezing (n = 1); unilateral mucoid discharge, epistaxis and sneezing (n = 1); and sneezing and unilateral epistaxis (n = 1). Temperatures were significantly different between ND and C groups on dorsal (max p = <0.001, avg p = 0.001, min p = <0.001) and rostral (max p = <0.001, avg p = <0.001, min p = 0.005) images. Temperature positively correlated to disease status (ND vs C group) in both dorsal and rostral images. Subjective analysis of images allowed correct identification of abnormal or normal 27/36 times. Obstructive nasal disease results in a local temperature increase in the affected nasal passage that can be non-invasively detected by infrared thermography.

Subconjunctival enucleation with or without third eyelid removal may present a viable enucleation technique in rabbits: 18 cases (2014-2022).

To evaluate intraoperative and postoperative complications and outcomes following subconjunctival enucleations with and without third eyelid removal in domestic rabbits. 18 client-owned rabbits with ocular disease confined to the globe that underwent 20 subconjunctival enucleation procedures at a veterinary teaching hospital. Records were retrospectively reviewed for all enucleations performed at a veterinary teaching hospital from 2014 to 2022. A standard subconjunctival enucleation procedure was performed in all cases, with third eyelid removal in 2 surgeries and without third eyelid removal in the remaining 18 surgeries. Outcomes were assessed on the basis of observations in medical records and owner follow-up. 20 total enucleations were included. Reported reasons for enucleation included suspected or confirmed ocular Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection in 9 rabbits, refractory glaucoma in 4 rabbits, and various intraocular diseases in 5 rabbits. The only intraoperative complication reported was hemorrhage during the third eyelid removal in 1 surgery. Postoperative complications included serous to mucoid discharge from the surgical site in 8 of 20 surgeries and swelling at the surgery site in 2 of the 8 cases that had discharge. Postoperative swelling spontaneously resolved within 3 months of surgery; postoperative discharge spontaneously resolved within 10 months of surgery. Subconjunctival enucleation with or without third eyelid removal in rabbits may be a viable enucleation technique to reduce the risk for intraoperative hemorrhage, but it can result in postoperative complications, including transient discharge and swelling at the surgical site.

Spectrum of cervicovaginal Pap smears in newly established tertiary care medical institute.

We undertook this study to find out the spectrum of the cervical smear pattern along with the clinical profiles of patients who underwent cervical Papanicolaou (Pap) smear evaluation in our newly started tertiary care center. We also tried to find the possible clinical cause for unsatisfactory smears and factors for epithelial cell abnormality. The present study was a retrospective observational study. Pap smears cases with their clinical findings mentioned on the requisition form and cytopathology observations were retrieved from the archives of the department of pathology. Fisher's exact test was used for statistical analysis. Five hundred and ninety-four cases were included in the study. The most common age group was 36- 40 years. White discharge per vaginum was the most common clinical presentation. The negative for squamous intraepithelial lesions or malignancy was the most common interpretation (86.87%). Cervical erosion had statistically significant associations with unsatisfactory smears, while bacterial vaginosis had with satisfactory smears. Epithelial cell abnormality was seen in 4.62% patients. We observed a statistically significant association of cervical mucoid discharge, and inflammation with "no epithelial cell abnormality" cases, while postmenopausal bleeding was associated with "epithelial cell abnormality" cases. In the presence of clinical factors like cervical erosion, which may affect the quality of Pap smear, proper sampling techniques are to be used by health-care providers. The careful evaluation of Pap smears, especially in cases of cervical mucoid discharge, postmenopausal bleeding, and inflammatory smears is required to ensure that epithelial cell abnormalities are not overlooked.

A Review on Most Opthalmic Viral Disease Conjunctivitivs (Eye Flu)

Ophthalmology clinics around the world see a lot of patients with conjunctivitis. Severe pain, impaired vision, and a painful pupillary reaction are all red flags for more serious intraocular disorders that should be taken into account while treating suspected cases of conjunctivitis. In patients with unusual findings and a chronic course, it is also important to have a complete medical and ocular history and do a comprehensive physical examination. The existence of a systemic ailment affecting the conjunctiva may be shown by concurrent findings on physical exam and pertinent history. The vast majority of cases of conjunctivitis still originate from viruses. Bacterial conjunctivitis is the second most prevalent cause of infectious conjunctivitis; however it is much less common than viral conjunctivitis. Nearly half of the population experiences allergic conjunctivitis, characterised by symptoms like itching, mucoid discharge, chemosis, and edoema of the eyelids. A patient with conjunctival irritation and discharge who has used preservative-containing eye drops regularly likely has toxic conjunctivitis. Timely diagnosis, proper classification of the various aetiologies, and suitable treatment are essential components of effective management of conjunctivitis.

A survey‐based study on diagnosis and management of vernal keratoconjunctivitis

A survey‐based study on diagnosis and management of vernal keratoconjunctivitis

Evaluation of the Reliability and Quality of YouTube Videos on Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction.

Introduction Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) causes excessive eye tearing or mucoid discharge. Twenty percent of one-year-olds globally have CNLDO. There are many sources that offer information to parents. This study evaluates the quality and accuracy of CNLDO-related YouTube videos. Methods The first 100 videos that appeared after typing "congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction" in the YouTube search engine were evaluated. These videos were also analyzed and scored using the DISCERN, Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), and Global Quality Scoring (GQS) systems. Results Forty videos met the inclusion criteria. The mean DISCERN score was 47.3 ± 9.15, JAMA was 1.72 ± 0.87, and GQS was 3.1 ± 0.81. The duration of the videos uploaded by the non-physician group was significantly longer (p = 0.04). In addition, the JAMA score of the videos uploaded by the physician group was significantly higher than that of the other group (p = 0.03). Theoretical videos were longer than surgical videos (p = 0.02). DISCERN, JAMA, and GQS scores were statistically higher in the theoretical video group (p = 0.002, p = 0.04, and p = 0.03, respectively). Conclusion According to our research, the quality of YouTube videos about congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction is average. This information source can be improved by making videos with more detailed information about the disease and theoretical information, as well as by having health professionals look over the content that has been uploaded.

Complete Second Branchial Cleft Fistulas: A Clinicosurgical Experience.

A complete second branchial fistula is very rare and has an internal opening at the tonsillar fossa and an external opening at the lower third of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM). Patients commonly present with persistent or intermittent mucoid or mucopurulent discharge from an external opening. The diagnosis is most often clinical and radiological investigations are rarely needed. Treatment of choice is complete surgical excision. The aim of this article is to aware young ENT surgeons of the various clinical and intraoperative surgical findings that can be encountered while dealing with these cases. This observational study was done for a period of 10years. A total of 20 cases of fistula were included which intraoperatively had a complete track from tonsillar fossa to neck. Excision of the tract was carried out via combined transcervical and transoral approach under general anaesthesia using two incisions in stepladder pattern. Each patient was seen after one year of surgery to assess for any recurrence. Different findings of patients including age/sex at surgery, initial presentation, family history, laterality of the fistula tract, Intraoperative surgical findings, complications, and recurrences. were noted. Of the 20 patients, 13 (65%) were females and 7 (35%) were Females. Most common complaint was fistulous opening with intermittent discharge(15patients; 75%).Branchial cleft fistulae more commonly affected the right neck (14 patients, 78%) among unilateral cases and 2 patients (10%) had bilateral fistulae. No patient had associated congenital anomaly/syndrome, family history or and visible opening in tonsillar area. Glossopharyngeal nerve was identified in 12 cases and track was seen passing lateral to it except in one case. The internal opening of track was seen over posterior tonsillar pillar in 15 cases (75%) while in 5 patient the track was seen entering tonsillar tissue or bed. Tonsillectomy was done in 5 cases while not done in 15 cases where track was seen entering posterior pillar. All patients were seen at one year follow up. No recurrence was seen at one year of follow up. Complete second branchial cleft fistulae are rare. They are usually right sided and unilateral. The track passes between carotid bifurcation and invariably passes lateral to both glossopharyngeal and hypoglossal nerves. Track usually ends at the posterior tonsillar pillar. Tonsillectomy is not routinely indicated. Recurrences are not typically seen.

Swelling on the neck with mucoid discharge

Swelling on the neck with mucoid discharge

CONGENITAL NASOLACRIMAL DUCT OBSTRUCTION AND ITS MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL

PURPOSE: To determine management protocol in congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in age group of 3 months to 6 yrs . METHOD:A prospective interventional study was conducted on 30 patients with CNLDO within the age group 3 months to 6 yrs from September 2020 to April 2022. The diagnosis was made based on a history of epiphora since birth, or shortly after birth, in one or both eyes supported by objective evidence of reduced lacrimal outflow using a fluorescein dye disappearance test (FDDT). Ocular examination was carried out to exclude punctal stenosis or other abnormality. Patients with positive FDDT test were considered for various treatment modalities. Patients with age &lt; 1 year considered for criggler massage 8-10 times a day. Patients with persistent epiphora and mucous discharge were considered for endoscopic assisted probing or DCR with intubation under general anaesthesia. RESULTS: The study group comprised of 30 patients, out of which 40 % were male and 60 % were female. On the basis of age of representation 60 % were between 12 months, 26 % between 1 year – 4 year and 14 % more than 4 years. In this study all patients were prescribed crigler massage but the patients not improved on massage and, 12 months - 4 years and more than 4 years were prescribed with endoscopic assisted probing, and DCR with intubation respectively. In this study out of 30 patients of CNLDO 16 patients were improved by crigler massage (in age group of &lt; 12 months ) ,9 patients were improved with endoscopy assisted probing with 90 % of successful result in age group of 12 months - 4 years and 5 patients improved from DCR with intubation depending upon age of patients . CNLDO is a relative CONCLUSIONcommon disorder in peadiatric population ( 5 - 20 % ) due to failure of canalisation of the distal end of nasolacrimal duct leading to watery and mucoid discharge. Conservative management in the form of crigler massage considered to be safest and effective with higher success rate. Patients with no improvement on crigler massage and persistence of symptoms shows more effective outcome with endoscopic assisted probing or DCR with intubation.

Postauricular Cutaneous Mastoid Fistula Surgically Closed by a Temporalis Muscle Rotational Flap: A Case Report

Background: Postauricular cutaneous mastoid fistula (PCMF) is quite rare. Possible triggers include a radical mastoidectomy, chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM), or the spontaneous exteriorization of a mastoid cholesteatoma through the postauricular skin surface. Case Report: This study reported a 62-year-old woman who presented with a right-sided discharging postauricular lesion for two years and a history of ear discharge over the past 20 years. Physical examination revealed a 10×8 mm fistula with a pearly white tissue at the opening and mucoid discharge. Otoscopy represented an attic cholesteatoma as the potential underlying cause, and computed tomography demonstrated a soft-tissue density in the middle ear extending into the mastoid cavity and towards the cutaneous postauricular area. The PCMF was surgically closed using a temporalis muscle rotational flap with no recurrence at the 6-month follow-up. Conclusion: Overall, surgical closure with a temporalis muscle rotational flap appears to be an effective technique for treating PCMF.

Red Eye/Pinkeye

Key Points Not all red eyes are conjunctivitis, and the differential for a red eye is broad, including infectious, allergic, traumatic/irritant, rheumatologic, and oncologic etiologies.Conjunctivitis is inflammation and injection of the usually transparent conjunctival tissue that covers the outer portion of the eye and inner eyelids. It is often a diagnosis of exclusion after ensuring more severe or vision-threatening etiologies of red eye are not present.The most common etiology for conjunctivitis in children is viral and treated with supportive care. Viral conjunctivitis often begins unilaterally with serous or mucoid discharge, and then may become bilateral. Bacterial conjunctivitis is most often unilateral with purulent discharge and most often treated with topical antibiotics.Indications for urgent referral and treatment include a red eye with one or more of the following: severely painful eye movements or severe foreign body sensation, photophobia, decreased visual acuity, fixed pupil, proptosis, redness in a "ciliary flush" pattern (redness localized to or more pronounced in a ring around the limbus), corneal ulceration or opacity, suspected Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection or herpes simplex virus conjunctivitis, or history of chemical burn or penetrating trauma.

An Unexpected Finding on Screening Colonoscopy in a Patient With Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

Question: A 64-year-old woman presented for screening colonoscopy. Her only medical history included chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) diagnosed 1 year prior that was improving and in the chronic phase with dasatinib 50 mg/d. She denied taking any other medications. The patient denied having any prior colonoscopies or any family history of colorectal cancer. She also denied any melena or hematochezia. She did report weight loss, which she attributed to her CML. On colonoscopy, multiple small polyps were seen throughout the colon ranging from 3 to 6 mm that were too numerous to count (Figure A). The polyps were friable and seemed to have mucous caps. A few of these polyps were removed from the transverse and sigmoid colon for pathological analysis (Figure B and C). What is the diagnosis? Look on page 58 for the answer and see the Gastroenterology web site (www.gastrojournal.org) for more information on submitting your favorite image to Clinical Challenges and Images in GI. Inflammatory reactive polyposis caused by dasatinib is a rare phenomenon and has only been described once in the Japanese literature.1Kobayashi M. Ikezawa K. Yamaura M. et al.[Inflammatory reactive polyposis caused by dasatinib: a case report].Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi. 2018; 115 ([In Japanese]): 977-984PubMed Google Scholar Our patient had polyps with mucoid discharge similar in appearance to those described in the Japanese paper. It was determined that the patient’s polyposis was caused by inflammation that was triggered by dasatinib. Four months after discontinuing dasatinib in the Japanese patient, a repeat colonoscopy revealed significant improvement in the polypoid lesions. In the case of our patient, we did not advise discontinuing dasatinib because she was on a low dose and did not tolerate other therapies for CML. The patient remained asymptomatic on follow-up. To our knowledge, this is the first case of dasatinib-induced inflammatory polyposis described in the English literature. Cases of hemorrhagic colitis secondary to dasatinib already exist. With dasatinib becoming a widely used therapy for Imatinib resistant CML, it is prudent to monitor for complications. Dasatinib is taken orally, making the gastrointestinal tract particularly vulnerable to complications. It is important to be aware of the inflammatory effects of dasatinib and this warrants further laboratory and clinical studies.2Nakamura S. Kino I. Akagi T. Inflammatory myoglandular polyps of the colon and rectum. A clinicopathological study of 32 pedunculated polyps, distinct from other types of polyps.Am J Surg Pathol. 1992; 16: 772-779Crossref PubMed Scopus (63) Google Scholar It is unknown if prolonged polyposis owing to dasatinib is a benign process or may eventually result in malignancy3Fei F. Yu Y. Schmitt A. et al.Dasatinib inhibits the proliferation and function of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells.Br J Haematol. 2009; 144: 195-205Crossref PubMed Scopus (60) Google Scholar The mechanism of polyposis has also not yet been elucidated and it is necessary to accumulate more cases to further our understanding. Therefore, it is important to offer screening colonoscopies to these patients at regular intervals.

Clinicoradiological correlation of type 1 tympanoplasty in wet and dry ears

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Chronic otitis media patients can present with a dry or wet ears (which means those ears which have a mild mucoid discharge and are negative on culture). Preoperative HRCT scans done in these patients show either a normal or an opacified mastoid cavity. This creates a dilemma in the mind of an otologist as whether doing a tympanoplasty in a patient with an active mucoid ear discharge would be beneficial or not. The goal of this study is to compare results of type 1 tympanoplasty in wet and dry mucosal COM ears and correlate between preoperative CT findings and postoperative outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; A comparative study was done where a total of 30 wet and 30 dry ears respectively were included based on a preset clinical criterion. After a detailed history, otoscopic examination, pure tone audiometry (PTA) and a HRCT scan of temporal bone, all patients underwent type 1 tympanoplasty followed by PTA assessment 2 months postoperatively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The graft uptake rates and hearing outcomes after surgery were found to be similar in both wet and dry ears. Also, the graft uptake rates in patients with opaque mastoids were similar to those with normal mastoids on HRCT scans.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; This study concludes that success of type 1 tympanoplasty surgery is not adversely affected by the presence of mucoid discharge at the time of surgery. For achieving good surgical success, meticulous graft placement is more important rather than status of the operated ear.&lt;/p&gt;

Contribution of Yoni Pichu Chikitsa with ancient ayurved formulation in the management of Karnini Yonivyapada with special reference to cervical erosion

Cervical erosion is a very frequent gynaecological condition. Because of its chronicity and recurring nature, this benign lesion can be quite bothersome at times. In this condition, the ectocervix's squamous epithelium is replaced by columnar epithelium that is continuous with the endocervix. According to the treatment and some clinical aspects, it is more similar to the Karnini Yonivyapada in Ayurveda. A 30-year-old woman presented to the OPD with a complaint of white discharge from the vaginal area for the past 7-8 months, which was accompanied by pain. Based on the symptoms and tests, the patient was diagnosed with Cervical Erosion. Cryosurgery and diathermy are used in Western medicine Ayurvedic medicine to kill the columnar epithelium and encourage the creation of new healthy stratified squamous epithelium, similar things are done in Ayurveda based on its basic principles. However, other side effects such as prolonged mucoid discharge from the vaginal canal, cervical stenosis, bleeding, and sickness recurrence are conceivable. As a result, Ayurvedic treatment looks to be more practical, effective, cost-effective, non-surgical, and with less side effects than conventional treatments.